How to correctly draw up a feasibility study aviation. Feasibility study of the project, differences from the business plan. Thanks to him, they solve certain problems.

The feasibility study carried out by our specialists will allow you to look at your project from the point of view of its real effectiveness and prospects. It often happens that a promising project that can bring investors a good profit is simply not noticed and is not implemented. What comes up between an entrepreneur and an investor? Daydreaming, outdated views on the market and facts that are not supported by arguments, or something else?

The answer is very close, ineffective business planning is to blame for everything. To do everything correctly, you need to develop a feasibility study.

What is a project feasibility study

A feasibility study, abbreviated as a feasibility study, is an analysis, assessment and calculation of the economic feasibility of implementing a project to create an enterprise, reconstruction and modernization of existing facilities, construction or construction of a new technical facility. It is based on comparing the assessment of results and costs, determining the effectiveness of the application and the period for which the investment is recouped. This can be a third-party investment.

It is also needed to confirm the appropriateness of the choice new technology production, processes, equipment. Most often this is suitable for already operating enterprises.

Feasibility study required for every investor. In the course of its development, a sequence of works is carried out to analyze and study all the components of the investment project and calculate the return on investment.

The difference between a feasibility study and a business plan

Business plan and feasibility study are often not distinguished. The main difference between their structures is that in the second there is almost no description of the company and product, market analysis, risk analysis and marketing strategy- the most important aspect in the business plan. You can read more about the marketing strategy in the articles “ Marketing plan". Such an abbreviated structure is due to the fact that it is written for projects of introducing new processes, technologies and equipment to existing enterprises. The feasibility study provides information on the reasons for choosing certain solutions, processes and technologies, economic calculations of the effectiveness of their implementation.

So, we can say that the feasibility study is specific in comparison with the business plan, and is more narrow.

Why do you need a feasibility study

Correctly drafted feasibility study will allow you to see the effectiveness of investments in the development of new or revision of previous types of company activities, the company needs a merger or acquisition, is there a need for lending. The feasibility study also helps to select the necessary equipment, select and implement suitable production technologies, and correctly organize the company's activities.

The package of documents that must be submitted to the bank for approval of lending necessarily includes a feasibility study. In this case, the feasibility study shows the profitability of providing a loan, an increase in the level of activity due to lending, and, of course, a guarantee of the return of the loan to the bank. Before taking a loan from a bank, we advise you to read the article Sources of business financing, which describes the advantages of two main types of business financing - lending and finding an investor.

Feasibility study development

The development of a feasibility study is needed in the following cases:

• when, the company's management needs a justification for the choice of new equipment;
• when the company's management needs an explanation of the decision to modify the production technology.

To develop a feasibility study, you will need the integral work of a group of specialists - lawyers, financiers, economists, etc.

When developing a feasibility study, consider the following points:

1. General information about future work... Brief description of the area of ​​the project, its participants and location, analysis of supply and demand, main buyers of products, main competitors. Important parameters are prescribed: the range and type of products, the volume of the company.
2. Capital expenditures. An estimate of the one-time costs required for implementation is shown decisions taken.
3. Annual costs. Shows the estimated operating costs by item.
4. Manufacturing program. It consists of a description of all types of products that are supposed to be provided within the scope of these works, the volume of production and sales prices are indicated. Price indicators are also justified here.
5. Financing. This item is very similar to financial plan business plan, but it also has its own differences. Financing scheme, indicating the sources of obtaining credit funds, conditions for their use and maturity dates.
6. Evaluation of the rationality of the implementation of the proposed option. Based on input data suitable for economic assessment, the main economic indicators are calculated, which will make it possible to calculate the rationality of the project.
7. Calculated part. Prescribes important calculation materials - balance forecast and schemes for the movement of financial flows.

Feasibility study structure

Again, compared to the structure of a business plan, which has clearly defined sections and points, the structure of a feasibility study can fluctuate between several variations. The options may differ in that each one deals with different problems.

If you focus on UNIDO method, then the structure of the feasibility study will look something like this:

1. Summary. A brief description of the main issues in the content of all chapters.
2. History and position of the project.
3. Market analysis and marketing concept.
4. Material resources. Raw materials and resources needed for production, approximate requirements for the same resources and raw materials, the situation with their supply. If there is no money for the implementation of the business, start looking for them. Read about where to get funds to open and expand a business in another article.
5. Location, site and environment. Pre-selection of the location, including the calculation of the cost of renting premises or land.
6. Design and engineering work. Early determination of the scale of work, as well as civil engineering objects, production technology and equipment that are needed for the normal robots of the company.
7. Organization and overhead costs. Approximate organizational structure, estimated overhead costs. This is something like an organizational plan.
8. Human resources. Estimated resource requirements by category of worker.
9. Calendar implementation of the adopted decisions. Approximate timetable for the implementation of the project.
10. Investment and financial analysis

The feasibility study in the future can serve as the basis for the development of a business plan.

Feasibility study method.

When compiling a feasibility study, the following sequence of thematic parts is allowed:

• raw data, information about the market sector,
• existing opportunities of the existing business of the enterprise,
• sources of raw materials, material factors for business development,
• capital costs expected to achieve the goal,
• operating costs during project implementation,
• production plan,
• financial policy and financial component of the project,
• general information about the future project.

In general, the feasibility study provides a description of the industry in which the enterprise operates, and provides a rationale for the choice of the territorial and geographical location of the current and proposed business, as well as describes the type of products manufactured. Here it is necessary to describe and justify prices for manufactured products. At the same time, the financial part of the feasibility study contains information about the sources of financing and the terms of debt repayment, the conditions for the use of borrowed funds.

Calculations in the feasibility study consist of tables in which the movement Money and balance.

Such a structure of the feasibility study may not be the only correct one and may vary depending on the specific project. Also, it can be expanded for large and complex business projects.

V modern business and office work, the terms business plan and feasibility study have become firmly established in the lexicon of terms of entrepreneurs and economists, but there is still no clear separation of such concepts. The article attempts to highlight the issues of similarities and differences between the business plan and the feasibility study of the business.

Theorists offer the notion that a feasibility study is the result of a variety of studies, both economic and marketing research... But at the same time, a conclusion is made about the feasibility of the project, and a range of economic, organizational and other proposed solutions for optimizing the production process is determined. Moreover, often a feasibility study is part of business plan.

At the same time, there is an opinion that a feasibility study, to some extent, is either an abbreviated version of a business plan, or, on the contrary, it is an ordinary business plan, which was called a feasibility study.

It should be noted that if the procedure for drawing up and the structure of a business plan is clearly spelled out, then when drawing up a feasibility study, you can find several different writing options that differ depending on the problems under consideration.

There are the following options for a feasibility study in practice:

Example # 1

1. The real state of the enterprise;
2. Market analysis and assessment of the production capacity of the enterprise;
3. Technical documentation;
4. State of affairs with human resources;
5. Organizational and overhead costs of the enterprise;
6. Estimation of the duration of the project;
7. Analysis of the financial attractiveness and economic feasibility of the project.

Example No. 2

1. The essence of the proposed project, presentation of the foundations of the project and the principles of its implementation;
2. A small overview of the market, presentation of the results of various studies in order to study the demand for a new service or product;
3. Technological and engineering aspects of the project:

a) a description of the production process;
b) evidence of the need to purchase new equipment or upgrade old ones;
c) comparison of the new product with the current quality standards;
d) an overview of the strengths and weaknesses a new product or service;

4. Financial and economic indicators, including:

a) the expected and necessary investments in the project;
b) prospective internal and external financial sources;
c) production costs;

5. Evaluation of the efficiency and payback of the promoted project, guarantee of the return of external borrowings;
6. The susceptibility of the proposed new product, service to existing market risks, as well as resistance to possible risks in the future;
7. Overall score the effectiveness of possible external borrowing.

Example No. 3

1. A summary of all the main provisions of the feasibility study;
2. Conditions for the implementation of the new project (who owns the authorship of the project, the source material for the project, what preparatory measures and research have already been carried out, etc.);
3. Analysis of the prospective sales markets, an overview of the production capabilities of the enterprise, as well as the calculation of the peak capabilities of the enterprise and a number of other factors;
4. This section reflects everything related to production support (necessary stocks and production resources), analysis of existing contractors and potential suppliers, analysis of possible costs for various production factors;
5. The section is devoted to the territorial location of the enterprise and the costs associated with this provision (a rough estimate of where the enterprise will be located, preliminary calculations related to the payment of a lease for a site for production or for an office space);
6. Design and project documentation (assessment necessary technologies for a new project, the assessment of additional auxiliary facilities, without which it will be impossible to carry out production;
7. Organizational and other additional costs associated with the new project (calculation of additional costs, as well as a sketch of the proposed structure of future production);
8. Analysis of labor resources for a future project (assessment of human resources that will be needed to launch a new project). Indicates the estimated number of workers and maintenance personnel, the required number of engineering and technical workers. In addition, it is indicated whether only local workers or nonresident (foreign) specialists will be involved. In the same section, the calculated labor costs, taxes associated with wages and a number of other points;
9. Schedule of the implementation of the submitted project;
10. General assessment of the economic and financial viability of the planned project.

Note that many of the examples of feasibility studies provided, especially the last example, resemble a detailed business plan. There is a fine line between a feasibility study and a business plan, and this leads to the fact that with a high degree of certainty we can say that if you are required to provide a feasibility study for a project, you can safely draw up a detailed business plan, while leaving unnecessary disputes - to the theorists of economic science, and it is better to get down to business.

The approximate composition of the feasibility study (FS)

1. Table of contents or structure. A brief description of the chapters of the document.
2. General description of the project, input data about the project. Information about the research that was carried out in advance, the assessment of the necessary investments.
3. Description of the market and production. Demand assessment and forecast of future sales, description of the enterprise's capacities.
4. Raw materials and resources. Calculation of the required volumes material resources, forecast and description of the supply of resources to the enterprise, analysis of their prices.
5. Choosing the location of the enterprise (objects of the enterprise). Justification of the choice of location and assessment of the cost of renting premises or land.
6. Project documentation. Description of the technology for the production of future products, characteristics necessary equipment, additional buildings.
7. Organizational structure of the enterprise. Description of the organization of the enterprise and overhead costs.
8. Labor resources. Assessment of the need for labor resources with division into categories (workers, employees, top managers, managers, etc.). Estimation of salary costs.
9. Terms of the project. Project schedule, cost estimate, tranche sizes, etc.
10. Economic calculations... Assessment of investment costs, production costs, financial appraisal project.

The difference between the feasibility study and the Investment memorandum.

During the research in the field of marketing, the task of which was to identify the preferences of consumers in the market of consulting services, it was identified, among other things, the need to write investment memoranda and business plans. In the course of the analysis of surveys, questionnaires, written requests, it can be concluded that in the modern Russian market of business services, there is some uncertainty in the definitions and interpretations of a number of related concepts, such as: an investment memorandum, a feasibility study and a business plan. Let us give an explanation of the frequency of the appearance of these economic documents.

Before the appearance of an investment memorandum, a feasibility study or feasibility study is created - this is the basis for determining the need financial investments... A feasibility study is a document, as a rule, which is created by the forces of leading financial managers of companies. The purpose of the feasibility study is to determine how promising this financial investment will be and is able to bring financial benefits. Creating an investment memorandum is essentially pursuing the same thing, but an investment memorandum is being created for investors.

Having created a feasibility study, they move on to drawing up a more thorough document, which defines how a newly created product or project will behave in the conditions of the existing market. And also what impact will have on the planned project already existing competitive factors in the market, as well as current and future risks. This kind of document is called a business plan.
In the course of working with a business plan, as a rule, an increase in the costs of a commercial structure begins, associated with the need for work in the field of research in the field of marketing. Such studies aim to determine to what extent the assumptions set out in the feasibility study will correspond to the data that will be obtained in the course of these studies. If these studies lead to the fact that if the data, assumptions and proposals of the feasibility study are confirmed in the course of marketing research, then the project is eligible to apply for funding. Financial calculations later form the basis of the investment memorandum.

The birth phase of a new venture is extremely challenging for financial managers. At this stage, the definition and formation of the company's policy begins, information begins to flow, which gives real information about the possible sides and rates of development.

What is the difference between an investment memorandum and a feasibility study.

In the course of assessing the present position of the enterprise, as well as possible future risks, a document is being developed, called the “Investment Memorandum”. The main purpose of the investment memorandum is to attract external financing to the existing project, if necessary.

Most often, an investment memorandum is formed by a consulting company on the basis of a business plan and differs from it in that it includes investment information.

At this stage, the financiers of the enterprise must constantly monitor the state of the market. The purpose of this work is to monitor competing structures, identify new opportunities in existing markets and find possible new niches for development.

In this case, the main task is to calculate and identify the stage of development when the enterprise will need financial investments, writing an investment memorandum and attracting strategic investments in your project. And in addition, financial managers must determine and calculate the amount of necessary financial injections into the project. The period when the financial managers of the enterprise begin to work out various development scenarios is the initial one when drawing up an investment memorandum. Various scenarios for the development of events are determined. Pessimistic scenario (all possible consequences of insufficient funding and related profitability indicators and risks for the business are calculated). An optimistic scenario for the development of events, where it is necessary to reflect the economic indicators with sufficient funding.

How to prepare a business case correctly? Recommendations with examples. (10+)

Economic justification. Example

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Justification. Compilation Tips
How to write, compose a justification? How to justify the proposed decision?

The business case justifies costs based on expected revenue increases or cost reductions. That is, it is proposed to spend certain money in order to earn more or spend less in the future.

There are two subtleties to the business case. Firstly, you need to take into account the fact that money is more valuable today than money after some time. Often there is no free money, you have to borrow it at interest. Even if there is free money, the alternative is to place it on a deposit. When deciding to invest this money, we lose the interest that we could earn on the deposit. So we have to prove that the effect of our proposed expenses will pay off the interest on the loan or exceed the interest on the deposit. Secondly, you need to prove that the proposed expenses will actually bring the planned income or savings.

Let me give you an example of the business case for automation with comments. All figures are fictitious.

Economic justification

Description of the project

In a cleaning company (cleaning company for clients' premises) it is proposed to implement automatic system cleaning of premises on the basis of a specialized robot. The productivity of one module of the system is 200 sq. m / hour, which corresponds to the work of two employees (employees work 40 hours a week, and the module can work 24 hours a day). Electricity consumption - 0.3 kW. It is proposed to introduce 10 such modules.

Initial investment

The cost of the system is 300 thousand rubles. Financing is planned to be carried out through a loan at 12% per annum.

Current expenses

Operation of 10 modules will require the hiring of one person for administration, programming and system maintenance. The salary of such an employee will be 50 thousand rubles. Taking into account the unified social tax, the expenses on payroll will amount to about 65 thousand rubles. The interest on the loan will be 30 thousand rubles. Electricity costs will amount to (at a cost of kW / h 5 rubles) about 11 thousand rubles.

Cost savings

The introduction of robotic modules will reduce 9 employees involved in manual cleaning. 10 employees are currently employed. One must be left to perform delicate operations. The expenses for payroll for one such employee are 40 thousand rubles. Total savings 360 thousand rubles.

Additional income

The implementation will allow doubling the capacity of the enterprise and attracting additional areas for servicing. Taking into account the fact that the monthly income of the enterprise is 600 thousand rubles excluding VAT, the income after implementation will be 1.2 million rubles.

In addition, the risks associated with personnel difficulties, employee disability, and temporary downtime will be reduced. Temporary downtime can occur in the event of a refusal of one of the clients before attracting a new one. The cost of downtime for a harvesting unit is significantly lower than that of an employee.

Conclusions. Draft decision

The net effect from the implementation of the modules will be 1,454 thousand rubles. It is proposed to approve the decision on the acquisition and implementation of the system.

Applications

Technical documentation for harvesting modules. Preliminary agreement for a bank loan. Detailed economic calculations.

There is an opinion on the Internet that a feasibility study (feasibility study) is a shortened version of a business plan, in which there is no (or severely compressed) marketing section. This is not true. A feasibility study is a document that proves that a project is technically feasible and economically viable. In my opinion, this very definition is the only and complete one. A feasibility study is an idea document.

To make it completely clear, I will also give the definition of a business plan (BP). BP is a document that provides detailed information about who is going to implement the project, how, in what time frame and in what market. Naturally, part of the BP is necessarily a feasibility study, because any project begins with a technical and economic analysis... A business plan is an implementation document (see How to write a business plan).

Main sections of the feasibility study

1. Name

2. Purpose of the project

3. Basic information about the project

4. Business case

4.1. Project implementation cost

4.2. Profit calculation

4.3. Economic indicators efficiency

5. Optional

6. Applications

Here we have given the approximate content of the feasibility study. Naturally, these are only the main sections of the feasibility study, there may be more sections if they are not enough for the implementation of your project.

Feasibility Study Sections - Description

1. Name

Laconic (short but insightful) name of the project. For example: Center for Precision Engineering.

2. Purpose of the project

As briefly as possible about what the main idea of ​​the project is. After reading this, the investor should be interested, but remember if there is a lot of text here, the investor will not read it at all - he will simply tell you: "I do not find this interesting."

3. Basic information about the project

Depends on a specific project, may include sections:

• Types of activity of the enterprise / Types of products.
• Production capabilities and volumes.

4.1. Project implementation cost

Here it is necessary to present an enlarged list of works required for the implementation of the project and their cost.

4.2. Profit calculation

Here are the calculations of income and expenses design enterprise with its planned production workload, as well as profit calculation.

I draw your attention to the fact that depreciation deductions must be shown separately, investors can consider depreciation deductions as profit from the activities of the enterprise.

4.3. Economic performance indicators

Basic investment performance indicators:

• Amount of investment
• Annual net profit
• Discount rate
• Payback period
• Break-even point (per year)

5. Optional

The most various information that is important for disclosing the idea of ​​the project and its economic efficiency.

6. Applications

Be sure to attach additional materials to your feasibility study. Firstly, your document will look more solid, and secondly, additional material will not overload the main sections of the feasibility study. However, remember that you don’t need to attach material of little use, even to the application - any material should have value for the investor.

The feasibility study should briefly and unambiguously reflect the pure idea of ​​the project. The feasibility study should not be burdened with implementation details. This document is needed in order to get the investor's attention. When an investor is interested in a project, then a business plan is needed.

When developing investment projects, analytical work is always carried out, aimed at assessing their prospects, that is, potential profitability and possible risks. One of the most important stages of project evaluation is the development of a feasibility study. Consider further what a feasibility study is, how to draw it up.

Feasibility study - what is it and how it differs from other similar documents

Drawing up a feasibility study is the result of studying the possible economic benefits of an investment project, calculating and analyzing its main indicators. It is an official document containing all the necessary research that makes it possible to make a reasonable preliminary conclusion about the feasibility of investing in a specific project.

A feasibility study is usually made only for a part of the firm's business, it allows you to assess the result of qualitative or quantitative changes in its activities. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made about:

• the effectiveness of investments in existing or new areas of work;
• the need for additional lending;
• takeover or merger opportunities;
• introduction of new technologies;
• selection of the required equipment;
• changes in the organization of enterprise management.

There are other documents that are being developed to assess the feasibility of investing money, such as a business plan and an investment memorandum. The feasibility study has both a number of similarities and differences with them.

The investment memorandum substantiates the feasibility of investing in the undertaking and is directed outside, at potential investors who are ready to invest in its implementation. Feasibility studies have a more utilitarian function: to determine the feasibility and feasibility of a project, i.e. this document applies more internally.

The main difference between a business plan and a feasibility study is the level of sophistication of all indicators. The business plan describes all processes in interaction with environmental factors, for example:

• analysis of markets and trends in them;
• marketing strategies;
• descriptions of services and goods;
• risk analysis.

It is most often compiled for starting a new business. The feasibility study is more focused on the internal needs of the company, it is less detailed. It is not uncommon for a feasibility study to become an integral part of a business plan.

Feasibility study rules

The feasibility study for each individual project may differ depending on its scale, complexity and focus. The structure of the feasibility study and the content of its parts are determined by the developer, who is responsible for the objectivity of the final results.

The rationale for a large-scale undertaking breaks down into several sequential stages:

• The first is a general understanding of the project's feasibility. It outlines the proposed initiative in general terms, using well-known analogies and generalized assessments. This stage does not require significant costs money and time. If, based on the data received, the management decides that the proposal has a perspective, then proceed to the next stage.
• The second is called "preselection" because it offers a tentative justification with an accuracy of estimates in the range of + (-) 20%. Its cost is usually within 1% of the total budget for the undertaking.
• The third is final. The calculation of the feasibility study (complete) at this stage has been worked out to an accuracy of + (-) 10%, and on its basis the final decision is made.

The complete technical and economic section consists of the following sections:

The specified components of the feasibility study of the project are a sample applicable to the production of products at the enterprise. If we are talking about construction or the service sector, then the internal content of the sections may have a different look.

Different types of projects and features of justifications for them

Depending on the goals of the undertakings, the calculations for them differ, sometimes quite significantly. Let's dwell on them in more detail:

If the question concerns a major undertaking with a need for significant financial resources, then they use the services of specialized organizations that have experience in creating such documents and the necessary specialists. If the project is of an intra-firm nature and is small in volume, then you can get by with the forces of your own financial and economic block.

Construction Industry Feasibility Study

The feasibility study of construction has its own characteristics. For the construction of an object, this is the main document at the design stage. On its basis, tender documentation is developed, tenders are organized between contractors, contracts are concluded with the winners, working documentation and funding opens.

The main solutions displayed in the construction feasibility study are:

• volumetric planning;
• technological;
• environmental protection;
• constructive.

Also important are aspects of the safety of the future facility from the point of view of operational, sanitary-epidemiological, environmental. In addition to cost-effectiveness, the social implications should not be overlooked. The compiled feasibility study is coordinated and approved by the supervisory and executive bodies according to established order.

As an example, you can give an approximate feasibility study for the construction of a residential multi-storey building. In this case, the document will contain the following sections:

• Explanatory note general about the proposed structure. It will include information about the location, the purpose of the building, its area and number of storeys, the total estimated cost of all premises, networks and equipment, a list of project participants. Funding source - funds from home buyers and bank loans. The dates of commencement and completion of construction work are indicated.
• Information about the land plot intended for construction and the data of geological, hydrological, meteorological and geodetic surveys.
• General development plan, including the house itself, the adjacent territory and social infrastructure facilities (if any), as well as transport accessibility.
• Technological solutions used in construction, for example, the material from which the building is planned to be erected (concrete, brick).
• Solutions of an architectural and construction nature, taking into account the whole range of functional, social, fire-prevention, artistic, sanitary-hygienic and other requirements sufficient for a comfortable living of residents.
• Specifications engineering systems, networks and equipment. Let's take this example. The house is supposed to install 9 elevators, a modular boiler room, centralized water supply and sewerage. Gas supply is not foreseen, it is planned to use it for domestic needs electrical energy therefore electric stoves are installed in the apartments.
• Management of the complex of construction and installation works, ensuring working conditions and workers' safety.
• Organization of the construction process (availability calendar plan by process).
• Measures aimed at observance of norms for the protection of the natural environment, as well as at the prevention emergencies and the organization of civil defense.
• Estimated documentation.
• Economic and marketing calculations (plan for the sale of apartments by year, calculations for a loan taken from a bank, payment for the services of contractors and suppliers).
• Expected financial results... Everybody is miscalculated here cash flows, structure of sources of money, all possible losses and profits. The level of return on investment is calculated, NPV, IRR. All cash flows are discounted based on the duration of the project.

Each feasibility study is unique in its own way. Despite the general points, the final document for the construction of, say, a hospital will be radically different from the modernization of a mining and processing plant or the expansion of a car workshop. It is important that the organization that prepares the documentation is in control of the current situation in a specific market segment and is able to draw correct conclusions about the relative success of the proposed initiative.

How to write a feasibility study (FS)? Yes, it's elementary, you just need to open GOST 24.202-80 System of technical documentation for ACS. Requirements for the content of the document "", although it does not apply in the Russian Federation, and then stupidly and formally follow the text, since there is (most likely) no full-fledged replacement for it, but the feasibility study has not yet been canceled. Better so than to drive all sorts of ad-libbing as a feasibility study. Edition of 20.06.2018.

How to write a feasibility study (FS)?

Created on 19.12.2016 13:08:53

The lack of a full-fledged replacement for many of the Soviet standards that have ceased to operate is, to put it mildly, sabotage from the outside. So, for example, GOST 22352-77 Manufacturer's Warranties. Establishment and calculation of warranty periods in standards and technical conditions. The general provisions are also invalidated in the RF. So what should the developers do, because warranty obligations, as well as feasibility studies, has not been canceled ?! Only use the expired, but without mentioning them directly in the texts of the documents being developed .

But back to the topic and open GOST 24.202, let's start with general provisions... According to clause 1.1 of GOST 24.202-80, the document "Feasibility study for the creation of an automated control system" (feasibility study of an automated control system) is intended to substantiate the production and economic necessity and the technical and economic feasibility of creating or developing an automated control system (hereinafter referred to as the creation of an automated control system).

Thus, the purpose of the document becomes more than obvious. For specifics, it makes sense to refer to the systems electronic document management, which include almost any, be it accounting, personnel records and the like. It is quite clear that accounting in its classic "paper" form is not very effective - this is when aunts with fat asses or uncles in oversleeves rush about, passing them to each other, filling a bunch of all kinds of accounting journals, making a lot and creating a complete organizational confusion.

As we indicated in previous articles, any organizational problems must be solved (by technical means, by automation, thereby reducing the share of manual labor) - this is the production and economic necessity. Now about the technical and economic: any competent and sensible automation of any activity always leads to an increase in the economic activity, minus, of course, all kinds of costs. It's simple.

Further. According to clause 1.4 of GOST 24.202-80 for newly designed and constructed initial data required for writing a feasibility study for an automated control system, is determined on the basis of analog objects. It is now fashionable to name analog objects, their analysis is necessary, since it is always easier to create something not from scratch, but on the basis of existing experience, domestic and (or) foreign.

And, finally, one should not be embarrassed that the speech in GOST 24.202-80 is about a feasibility study for the creation ACS... ACS is just one of the subspecies, so a feasibility study for an ACS is quite applicable to any AC.

On the composition and content of the feasibility study (FS)

According to clause 2.1 of GOST 24.202-80, the document of the feasibility study of the ACS should contain the following sections:

• introduction;
• characteristics of the object and the existing system management;
• , criteria and limitations for the creation of ACS;
• and the automated control system being created;
• expected technical and economic results of the creation of an automated control system;
• conclusions and offers.

What might not be obvious about this requirement? Yes, everything is obvious, you just need to create the sections listed above, and with the style of the 1st level, if someone else uses the Word. Style, by the way, is defined in different ways by different standards - and so.

Basis for work (on the development of a feasibility study - feasibility study)

The basis for the work (on the development of a feasibility study - feasibility study) - what is there to write? The grounds for carrying out the work can be different: an order during execution, an agreement with a customer, documents, an operational-technical note and much more. Delete unnecessary.

Name of the customer organization (feasibility study - feasibility study)

The name of the customer organization (feasibility study - feasibility study) - if any. If the development is carried out proactively, then the customer will most likely be the top management of the executing enterprise (or the management of some related division of the same enterprise).

Name of organizations participating in the work (for the development of the feasibility study)

The names of the organizations participating in the work (on the development of the feasibility study) - can be and, all of them must be listed. Well, it is also a participating organization.

Start and end dates of work (on the development of a feasibility study - feasibility study)

The source is either the customer, or the state budget, or the contractor himself is self-financing. The amount of funding is usually written down by stages and stages of work (completed a stage or stage - get a piece of funding in a certain amount), which, in fact, is the order of financing.

List of normative and technical documents, teaching materials used in the feasibility study - here is a list of standards and guidelines... For any types of automated systems, these will be GOSTs of the 34th complex and (as guidelines), as well.

About reference standards

Reference standards in GOST 34.xxx and RD 50-34.698-90 are far from always indicated explicitly. So, for example, in the subsections "Reliability Requirements" and "Safety Requirements" terms of reference according to GOST 34.602, they are not indicated, but these subsections should be developed in accordance with GOST 27.xxx and GOST 12.xxx, respectively. But the peasants do not know, and therefore they ask, what to write in these ?!

Subsection "Quality requirements software tools"Should be developed in accordance with GOST 28195," Requirements for system diagnostics "- in accordance with GOST 20911.

In other words, an appropriate reference standard or a set of standards can and should be "bolted" to any section (subsection, etc.) of the technical specification, but this was not done initially, and then the whole set of standards for automated systems since the beginning of its action, it has never really been revised (this is from the words of Mr.). This is understandable, the 34th set of standards dates back to 89-90 years of the last century, when Gorbachev's perestroika mess had practically led to the collapse of the country and everyone had no time for standardization, they would have survived ...

Characteristics of the facility and the existing control system

According to clause 2.3 of GOST 24.202-80, the section "Characteristics of the facility and the existing control system" should contain:

• general characteristics of the object;
• characteristics of production and economic activities, organizational and object;
• characteristics of the existing management system and its structural, indicating the distribution of management functions between the elements;
• characteristics, used and controls;
• list and description of shortcomings in the organization and management of the facility (in management methods, organizational structure management, performance of management functions, provision of information, etc.);
• assessment of production losses arising from deficiencies in the organization and management of the facility as a whole and its parts (deterioration of the technical, economic and social performance indicators of the facility and its parts);
• characteristics of the facility's readiness to create an automated control system.

Note - For objects with developed ACS, the section provides the characteristics of the automated and non-automated parts of the existing control system.

We also stupidly and formally create the corresponding subsections by copying, not forgetting to competently "declare and conjugate" them.

General characteristics of the object

General characteristics of the object - in relation general characteristics object can even be filled with Solovyov. It is most reasonable to go to the official website of the customer and copy the section "About the Company" or similar in meaning from there. Here's a simple example:

OOO Gazprom dobycha somewhere there is a powerful, highly profitable company, the scope of which includes:

• search and exploration of new oil and gas deposits;
• intensification of existing fields;
• production of gas, condensate, oil;
• preparation of hydrocarbon raw materials;
• provision of services for the preparation of raw materials from third-party suppliers;
• transportation of gas, condensate, oil and products of their preparation;
• providing the region with gas and liquid fuel;
• ensuring industrial and environmental safety during the operation of hazardous production facilities;
• environmental monitoring.

OOO Gazprom dobycha somewhere there produces highly liquid competitive products:

• dry gas;
• liquefied gas;
• stable condensate with oil;
• broad fraction of light hydrocarbons;
• technical propane-butane;
• ethane;
• helium (gaseous, liquid);
• odorant;
• sulfur (liquid, lumpy, granular);
• liquid oxygen;
• a liquid nitrogen".

And in that spirit.

Description of production and economic activities, organizational and production structure object - this is more difficult. To describe all of the above, you should open the material and With special vigilance refer to stages 1.1 and 2.1. In fact, this is pre-project survey, which was described in the article.

They will be reluctant and confused to tell you about organizational and economic activities in terms of their current state, but they will. Suppose everything is about the same workflow. About the organizational structure of the object - perhaps, but at the level of the organizational and staff structure of the organization, about vertical and horizontal links between departments.

But the production structure can be kept silent. When examining one energy supplying organization, information was required on the layout of underground power cable networks with reference to a map of the area, but this information was immediately denied, since it is simply secret. The example may not be very successful, but it reflects the essence.

Description of the existing management system and its structural elements, indicating the distribution of management functions between the elements of the organizational structure

Characteristics of the existing management system and its structural elements with an indication of the distribution of management functions between the elements of the organizational structure - this subsection largely repeats the previous one.

Description of management functions, used methods and means of management

The description of the control functions, the methods and controls used - this one too, but just at a more detailed level. All this is signed according to the results of the pre-project survey. This item and both previous ones are “three boots - a pair”.

List and characteristics of shortcomings in the organization and management of the facility (in management methods, organizational structure of management, performance of management functions, provision of information, etc.)

The list and characteristics of shortcomings in the organization and management of an object (in management methods, organizational structure of management, performance of management functions, provision of information, etc.) - you can talk about these right things for a long time

About the shortcomings of the organization - who remembers during O but it was necessary to stand in line for the sausage until the seller weighed it and announced the price, then, already knowing the price, stand in line at the cashier and punch the check, and then return with the check to the counter and pick up his sausage. Or what was happening in all communal organizations before the introduction of "one (single) window" - you had to queue for each piece of paper in each separate window, and then in others, in order to transfer this piece of paper there and receive another.

In this subsection it is necessary to describe all the nonsense that is taking place at the present time, and we are all much ready to criticize

Separately about providing information. Under the Union, in more or less serious organizations, there were always BNTI - bureaus. And even the departments are ONTI. What they did: They sent out paper cards to the heads of departments, containing on the subject of the department or on a specific head of it. This was not very effective, since it was carried out manually according to formal signs - and not according to semantic content - this became possible relatively recently with the advent of powerful automated ones.

Assessment of production losses arising from deficiencies in the organization and management of the facility as a whole and its parts (deterioration of the technical, economic and social performance of the facility and its parts) - let's take as an example the queue at the cash register in Six or other similar establishments. People freak out and get angry when two out of ten checkouts work, many simply throw baskets or carts and leave without shopping. Direct losses - a decrease in sales and revenue, i.e. economic indicators. And social too - a furious customer leaves with the thought "Yes, so that I once again flop here ...". The image of the organization is lost and the “loyalty” of customers is reduced.

Characteristics of the readiness of the facility to create an automated control system

The characteristic of the facility's readiness to create an automated control system - there must be some initial prerequisites that simplify the creation and implementation of an automated system at the facility. If, for example, the facility has the local network, wired or wireless, then the object is MORE ready, and if not, then LESS

There is a staff of personnel capable of operating the AU - MORE ready, no - LESS. And so on.

Goals, criteria and limitations of the creation of ACS

According to clause 2.4 of GOST 24.202-80, the section "Objectives, criteria and limitations for creating an automated control system" should contain:

• the formulation of production, economic, scientific, technical and economic and criteria for the creation of an automated control system;
• characteristics of restrictions on the creation of ACS.

Note - The goals and criteria for creating an ACS should be specified in the form of changes to the relevant ones.

Formulation of production, economic, scientific, technical and economic goals and criteria for creating an automated control system

The formulation of production, economic, scientific, technical and economic goals and criteria for creating an automated control system - we will not bother about goals, we will give a link to one of the previous articles, everything is clearly described in it and it does not make sense to repeat itself. With the criteria, too, everything is obvious, this is a ratio that characterizes the degree of achievement and takes various numerical values ​​depending on the impacts used on or specific performance results [from clause 6 of app. 1 GOST 34.003-90].

Characteristics of restrictions on the creation of ACS

Characteristics of restrictions on the creation of an automated control system - for example, the estimate for a banquet on the occasion of the coordination and approval of a feasibility study should not exceed such and such an amount. What not limitation? Those. decrease from such and such amount to another amount - and this is already changes values ​​of relevant indicators .

Functions and tasks of the created ACS in the feasibility study (FS)

According to clause 2.5 of GOST 24.202-80, the section "Functions and tasks of the created ACS" should contain:

• substantiation of the choice of the list of functions and complexes of management tasks (tasks) with an indication of the implementation;
• requirements for the characteristics of the implementation of functions and management tasks in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents that determine the general technical requirements for a specific type of ACS;
• additional requirements for the automated control system as a whole and its parts, taking into account the specifics of the control object and the created automated control system.

We continue to operate in a spirit of detail, see below.

Justification of the choice of the list of automated functions and complexes of management tasks (tasks) with an indication of the priority of implementation

Justification of the choice of the list of automated functions and complexes of tasks (tasks) of management with an indication of the sequence of implementation - here it is necessary to return to subr. Characteristics of production and economic activities, organizational and production structure of the facility and the underlying ones, they tell everything what is bad and where, so the list of everything that needs to be automated immediately becomes clear.

For the priority of implementation, see.

Requirements for the characteristics of the implementation of functions and management tasks in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents that determine the general technical requirements for a specific type of ACS

Requirements for the characteristics of the implementation of functions and management tasks in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents that determine the general technical requirements for a specific type of automated control system - nothing new, see the List of regulatory and technical documents, methodological materials used in the feasibility study.

Additional requirements for the automated control system as a whole and its parts, taking into account the specifics of the control object and the created automated control system

Additional requirements for the ACS as a whole and its parts, taking into account the specifics of the control object and the created ACS - for example, AS -. You can safely add something about her and measures to comply with the secrecy regime, according to.

Expected technical and economic results of the creation of an automated control system

According to clause 2.6 of GOST 24.202-80, the section "Expected technical and economic results of creating an automated control system" should contain:

• a list of the main sources of economic efficiency obtained as a result of the creation of an automated control system (including savings in production, improvement, increase in labor productivity, etc.) and an assessment of the expected changes in the main technical, economic and social indicators of the production and economic activity of the facility (for example, indicators of nomenclature and production volumes, production costs, profitability, deductions to economic incentive funds, level of social development);
• assessment of the expected costs of creating an automated control system with their distribution according to the queues for creating an automated control system and by year;
• expected generalized indicators of the economic efficiency of the ACS.

Note - The section indicates only those indicators of the object's activity that will undergo changes as a result of the creation of the automated control system.

Here, perhaps, comments are superfluous. Though...

Let's open the subr. Assessment of production losses arising from deficiencies in the organization and management of the facility as a whole and its parts (deterioration of the technical, economic and social performance indicators of the facility and its parts). How much does the turnover decrease if only two cash desks work out of ten? Economic losses? Undoubtedly! This is also the expiration of the shelf life of products (with their subsequent disposal), excessive loading of storage facilities - and they should be emptied quickly enough - the goods should scatter as quickly as possible.

Conclusions and offers

According to clause 2.7 of GOST 24.202-80, the "Conclusions and proposals" section should consist of the following subsections:

• conclusions about the production and economic necessity and the technical and economic feasibility of creating an automated control system;
• proposals for improving organization and management;
• recommendations for the creation of an automated control system.

According to clause 2.7.1 of GOST 24.202-80, the subsection "Conclusions on the production and economic necessity and technical and economic feasibility of creating an automated control system" should contain:

• comparison of the expected results of the creation of an automated control system with the specified goals and criteria for creating an automated control system (in terms of target indicators and regulatory requirements);
• a fundamental decision on the creation of an automated control system (positive or negative).

It's also simple. The goals are to improve something, and the intended results are such and such. Are we leaving as a plus? Fine! We accept a positive decision in principle on the issue of creating an AU.

According to clause 2.7.2 of GOST 24.202-80, the subsection "Proposals for improving the organization and management" should contain proposals:

• to improve production and economic activities;
• to improve the organizational and functional structures of the management system, management methods, to develop the types of ACS support, etc.

NOTE Proposals should be specific and reflect the main areas for organizational and management improvement.

Everything repeats over and over again - documentation must close on themselves Suggestions for:

• to improve production and economic activities - see. Characteristics of production and economic activities, organizational and production structure of the facility;
• to improve the organizational and functional structures of the management system, management methods, to develop the types of ACS support, etc. - see the same link.

What needs to be done as part of the improvement? Reduce queues at cash registers, create an electronic document management system so that accountants do not bother with papers, etc.

According to clause 2.7.3 of GOST 24.202-80, the subsection "Recommendations for the creation of an automated control system" should contain recommendations:

• by the type of the automated control system being created, its compatibility with other automated control systems and the non-automated part of the existing control system;
• on the organizational and functional structure of the created ACS;
• on the composition and characteristics of subsystems and types of ACS support;
• on the organization of the use of existing and purchase of additional computer equipment;
• on the composition of development organizations that need to be involved in the creation of an automated control system;
• on rational organization development and implementation of ACS;
• to determine the main and additional, external and internal sources and types of funding and material support for the development of ACS;
• to ensure production conditions for the creation of an automated control system;
• other recommendations for the creation of ACS.

And here comments are certainly superfluous.