Schedule of work execution sample form. Schedule Schedule by

Schedules (their composition, structure and level of detail) depend on the composition of the organizational and technological documentation they are developed in. As part of the PIC, a calendar plan for the construction and preparatory period is developed and drawn up on the basis of labor costs from the estimated calculations. As part of the PPR, a work schedule or a network schedule is developed, which reflects in detail the real duration of construction.

The most common form of scheduling is a network model, which allows you to more clearly reflect the order of execution of work on a construction site.

The procedure for the development of calendar plans.

1. Drawing up a list of works in the technological sequence of their implementation;

2. Determination of volumes (according to working drawings);

3. Selection of a production method with a list of required machines and mechanisms, calculation of standard labor intensity and machine intensity;

3. Determination of the composition of teams and units, the number of shifts.

4. Determination of the estimated duration certain types works and identification of their possibility of combining;

5. Comparison of the received duration according to the schedule with the normative or directive; adjustment.

On the basis of the schedule, graphs of the demand for materials and labor resources are built.

An example of filling out a calendar plan

Column 1. Name of works.

This column indicates a list of works by type and period (preparatory, main period) in a strict technological sequence. It is allowed to enlarge some types of work, in this case the producers of the work must be the same.

Column 2.3 Scope of work. The scope of work is indicated, calculated according to working drawings.

Column 4. Labor costs. Specified person days, according to regulatory documents GESN, the same in column 6, only machine cm for machines and mechanisms.

Column 5. Required machines. They are selected in two stages: first, they are selected based on technical parameters (for example, digging depth, lifting capacity, bucket capacity, etc.), and then by economic comparison (with minimal costs).

Column 6. Number of cars. Depending on the volume and timing of the work, the amount of equipment required is selected.

Column 7. Duration of work. First, the duration of mechanized work is calculated according to the formula below, and then the work performed manually.

where is the required amount of machine-cm;

n М - number of cars (column 6.);

A - the number of work shifts per day (column 8.);

α - coefficient of overfulfillment of production rates (within 1.05-1.25).

The duration of manual work T p (days) is determined by dividing Q p (person days) by the number of workers n p, the number of shifts A (usually equal to 1) and the overfulfillment coefficient α (fluctuates in the range 1.05-1.25) ...

Column 8. The number of shifts is usually taken equal to 2 - for mechanized work, 1 - for manual work.

Column 9. The number of workers per shift. Determined specifically by the composition of the brigade (column 10).

Column 11. Graphic part. Work performed in one shift is usually indicated by one line, 2 shifts - by two parallel ones. Above them (lines), the number of workers (drivers) and the number of shifts (for example, 2 x 1) are indicated.

Then they compare the normative or target date with the plotted one. The main condition is that the actual time according to the schedule coincides with the directive or the regulatory period or fell into frames.

To assess the schedule for the consumption of labor resources, they build under the graph in the form of a diagram, where at each time interval the number of workers indicated above the lines of the work schedules is summed up.

Calendar plan estimated by the coefficient of uneven movement of workers Kp = N max / N avg, where N max is the maximum number of workers, N avg is the average number of workers;

If Kr does not exceed 1.5, then the schedule is satisfactory.

Example of a calendar plan (graph) in Excel

5.1. Scheduling of work production, depending on the degree of complexity, provides for the development of:

complex network schedule, for the construction of a complex object or its part, which determines the sequence and timing of work with the maximum possible combination of them, as well as the standard operating time of construction machines, determines the need for labor resources and means of mechanization, highlights the stages and complexes of work entrusted brigades (including those working according to the brigade contract method), and their quantitative, professional and qualification composition is determined;

a schedule for the production of work for the construction of a residential or cultural and welfare building or its part, for the performance of types of technically complex and large-scale work, including a work schedule and a linear or cyclogram form; in the schedule, the stages and types of work entrusted to complex and specialized teams are highlighted, their quantitative, professional and qualification composition is determined;

a work schedule for the preparatory period of construction, including a work schedule in linear or cyclogram form or a network schedule.

5.2. The approved materials for providing the objects of the annual production program with labor, material and technical resources serve as the basis for the development of projects for the production of work for the construction of individual objects. Terms of development of PPR for each object are determined in accordance with the sequence of construction. Among the tasks of the project for the production of work, it is advisable to single out independent tasks (the solution of which is not related to the development of a schedule for the annual program of the construction organization) and dependent tasks (the solution of which is possible only after the development of a schedule for the annual program).

5.3. The development of complex network schedules is carried out on the basis of the decisions made in the construction organization project, and the schedule for the production of work for the annual program of the construction and installation organization.

A comprehensive network schedule should reflect:

sequence and timing of construction and installation works, equipment installation and testing;

the sequence and timing of the provision of work with material and technical resources and the timing of delivery for the installation of equipment, devices, cable products; terms of handover to the customer after the end of individual tests of the mounted equipment for its comprehensive testing.

The development of a comprehensive network schedule is carried out in the following order.

Initial data are selected from the project (including the construction organization project) with the necessary detailing of the work; the labor intensity is determined according to ENiR or production standards; and according to estimates developed on the basis of working drawings, cost.

An initial network schedule (network model) is being developed, which should show the design, preparatory, main work and delivery of equipment for each of the facilities, broken down by main stages, as well as commissioning. On the basis of the initial data, local graphs are developed with greater detail, and then the local networks are "stitched" with the general network according to the reference points of the original graph. After that, the calculation and analysis of the network schedule is performed.

The final stage is the optimization (adjustment) of the schedule; mastery should be shown at the bottom of the graph capital investments and the movement of labor.

5.4. The calendar plan for the production of work on the construction of a residential or cultural and amenity building is intended to determine the sequence and timing of general construction, special and installation work carried out during the construction of the facility. These terms are established as a result of the rational coordination of the timing of certain types of work, taking into account the composition and quantity of basic resources, primarily work teams and leading mechanisms, as well as the specific conditions of the construction area, a separate site and a number of other significant factors.

According to the schedule, the need for labor and material and technical resources is calculated in time, as well as the delivery times for all types of equipment. These calculations are performed for the facility as a whole and for individual periods of construction. Based on the schedule, the progress of work is monitored and the work of performers is coordinated. The terms of work calculated in the schedule are used as starting points in more detailed planning documents, for example, in weekly and daily schedules and shift tasks.

5.5. The initial data for the development of schedules as part of the work production project are:

calendar plans as part of the construction organization project;

construction duration standards or directive assignment;

working drawings and estimates;

data on organizations - participants in construction, conditions for the provision of workers with construction workers in the main professions, the use of a collective, brigade contract for the performance of work, production and technological equipment and transportation of construction goods, data on the available mechanisms and the possibilities of obtaining the necessary material resources;

work schedules for the annual program of the construction and installation organization.

The procedure for developing a schedule is as follows:

draws up a list (nomenclature) of works;

in accordance with the nomenclature for each type of work, their volumes are determined;

a choice of methods of production of basic works and leading machines is made;

the standard machine and labor intensity is calculated;

the composition of the brigades and units is determined;

the technological sequence of work is determined;

the shift of work is established;

the duration of work and their combination is determined, the number of performers and shifts are adjusted;

the estimated duration is compared with the normative one and adjustments are made;

based on the completed plan, resource requirements schedules are developed.

5.6. If technological maps are available, they are linked to local conditions. The input data of the maps are accepted as calculated for individual work complexes of the object's calendar plan. So, having a technological map for the installation of a typical stage and the roof of a residential building, in order to draw up a schedule for building a house, the installation dates and the need for resources included in the maps are taken.

5.7. The work schedule at the facility consists of two parts: left - calculated (Table 21) and right - graphical. The graphic part can be linear (Gantt chart, cyclogram) or network.

Column 1 (list of works) is filled in in the technological sequence of work performance, grouping them by type and period. In order for the schedule to be laconic, the work, with the exception of those performed by different performers (SU, sections, teams or links), must be combined. In the complex of works of one performer, the part that opens the front for the work of the next brigade should be shown separately.

Table 21

The scope of work (columns 2, 3) is determined according to working drawings and estimates and is expressed in units adopted in the Unified Rates and Prices (ENiR). The volume of special work is determined in terms of value (according to the estimate), if the labor intensity is calculated according to the output; when using aggregated indicators - in the corresponding meters.

The labor intensity of work (column 4) and the cost of machine time (column 5, 6) are calculated according to the current ENiR, taking into account the planned growth of labor productivity by introducing a correction factor for overfulfillment of norms. Along with ENiR, local and departmental norms and prices (MNiR, VNiR) are used.

To simplify the calculation, it is advisable to use aggregated rates developed on the basis of production estimates. Aggregated norms are drawn up by type of work on a building or its part (section, span, tier), a structural element (installation of floors with welding of embedded parts) or a complex process (for example, plastering the internal surfaces of houses, including plastering walls, slopes, traction of rustic surface notch, mortar base).

The enlarged norms take into account the achieved level of labor productivity. In the absence of consolidated standards, they first make up a calculation of labor costs, the calculation results of which are transferred to the schedule.

By the time the schedule is drawn up, the methods of work must be determined and the machines and mechanisms selected. When drawing up the schedule, the conditions for intensive operation of the main machines should be provided. The duration of mechanized work should be determined only by the performance of the machine. Therefore, first the duration of mechanized work is established, the rhythm of which determines the entire construction of the schedule, and then the duration of the work performed manually is calculated.

Duration of mechanized work T fur, day, is determined by the formula

T fur = N machine-cm / ( n mung m), (28)

where N machine-cm - the required number of machine-shifts (column 6); n mash - the number of cars; m- the number of work shifts per day (column 8).

The required number of machines depends on the volume and nature of construction and installation work and the timing of their implementation.

Duration of manual work T p, day, is calculated by dividing the labor intensity of work Q p, person-days, per number of workers n h, which may take the front of work

The limit on the number of workers who can work on the grip is determined by dividing the work front into plots, the size of which should be equal to the shift productivity of a link or one worker. The product of the number of plots and the composition of the units gives the maximum number of the brigade in the given capture.

Minimization of duration has a limit in the form of three restrictions: the size of the work front, the availability of workers and the technology of work. The minimum duration of individual works is determined by the technology of their implementation.

The number of shifts is reflected in gr. 8. When using basic machines (assembly cranes, excavators), the number of shifts is taken at least two. The shift in work performed manually and with the help of a mechanized tool depends on the front of the work and the workforce. The number of shifts is also determined by the requirements of the project (continuous concreting, etc.) and the directive terms for the construction of the facility.

The number of workers per shift and the composition of the brigade (groups 9 and 10) are determined in accordance with the labor intensity and duration of work. When calculating the composition of the brigade, it is assumed that the transition from one seizure to another should not cause changes in the number and qualifications. Taking this into account, the most rational combination of professions in the brigade is established. The calculation of the composition of the brigade is carried out in the following order: a set of works assigned to the brigade is outlined (according to column 1); the complexity of the work included in the complex is calculated (column 4); are selected from the calculation of labor costs by profession and category of workers; recommendations for the rational combination of professions are established; the duration of the leading process is set on the basis of the data on the time required for the leading machine to perform the intended complex; the number of units and brigades is calculated; the professional and qualification composition of the brigade is determined.

The complex of work entrusted to the brigade includes all operations necessary for the smooth operation of the leading machine, as well as all technologically related or dependent ones. When erecting the above-ground part of large-panel houses in two cycles, the first, along with the assembly work, includes all the work accompanying the installation: carpentry, special, etc., providing the preparation of the house for painting work. When building brick buildings in three cycles, the first one is assigned to the team (along with the assembly and accompanying ones) general construction, providing preparation for plastering. In the second and third cycles, plastering and painting works are performed, respectively.

In order for the numerical strength of the brigade to correspond to the productivity of the leading machine, the term of work, determined by the estimated time of operation of the machine, must be taken as the basis for the calculation.

The quantitative composition of each link n sv is determined on the basis of labor costs for work assigned to the link, Q p, man-days, and the duration of the leading process T fur, dn, according to the formula

n star = Q R / T fur m. (30)

The quantitative composition of the brigade is determined by summing up the number of workers of all parts of the brigade.

Labor costs by occupation and grade are established by sampling from the calculation of labor costs. The number of workers by profession and category n pr is determined by the formula

n pr = N br d, (31)

where N br - the total number of the brigade; d- the proportion of labor costs by profession and category in the total labor intensity of work.

5.8. Work schedule - the right side of the schedule clearly displays the progress of work in time, the sequence and coordination of work with each other.

The calendar dates for the execution of individual works are established on the basis of a strict technological sequence, taking into account the submission of the work front in the shortest possible time for the implementation of subsequent ones.

The technological sequence of work depends on specific design solutions. So, the method of laying internal power grids determines the technological sequence of plastering, painting and electrical installation work. Hidden electrical wiring is carried out before finishing work, and when open, plastering work precedes the installation of electrical wiring.

The period of readiness of the work front in some cases increases due to the need to comply with technological breaks between two consecutive works. If necessary, the amount of technological breaks can be reduced by using more intensive methods.

The technological sequence of performing a number of works also depends on the period of the year and the area of ​​construction. For the summer period, it is necessary to plan the production of the main volumes of earthworks, concrete, reinforced concrete works, in order to reduce their labor intensity and cost. If the finishing work falls on the autumn-winter period, then the glazing and the heating device must be completed by the beginning of the finishing work. If external and internal plastering can be performed in the warm season, then first of all, internal plastering is performed, as this opens up the front for subsequent work. But if during this period it is impossible to complete the external internal plastering, then before the onset of cold weather work on external plastering is forced, due to which conditions are created for the performance of internal plastering in the autumn-winter period, etc.

5.9. The main method of shortening the construction time of objects is the flow-parallel and combined execution of construction and installation works. Work that is not related to each other must be carried out in parallel and independently of each other. If there is a technological connection between works within the common front, the areas of their implementation are accordingly shifted and the works are performed in combination. In this case, it is necessary to especially strictly observe the labor protection rules. For example, when performing installation and finishing work during the day on one seizure, it is necessary to provide for the completion of finishing work in the first shift, and installation of structures in the second or third shift.

5.10. The alignment of the schedule of the need for workforce for the facility as a whole is achieved by reallocating the start and end dates of work. But this alignment is relative and is performed only within the rational technological sequence of work.

5.11. Scheduling (right-hand side) should begin with a lead work or process that decisively determines the overall duration of the facility's construction. Comparing with the normative, it is possible, if necessary, to reduce the duration of the leading process by increasing the shift and the number of mechanisms, or the number of performers in manual work. Depending on the period for which the schedule is calculated, and the complexity of the object, there may be several leading processes. The dates of the rest of the processes are tied to the leader. All non-leading processes can be divided into two groups: those executed in thread (as a rule, in equal or multiple rhythm with the leading thread) and outside the thread.

In the first group, the number of performers is determined as the quotient of dividing the labor intensity by the duration of the leading process. This is how plumbing, electrical, joinery, carpentry, plastering and other works are designed for the construction of a residential building. Here it remains to bind the start date of this or that specialized thread in relation to the leading one, that is, to establish - with a lag by how many seizures the next process should start.

The solution lies between the minimum determined by safety considerations and the minimum allowed by the established construction time frame.

The duration of the out-of-stream processes is assigned within the work periods technologically determined for them, taking into account the general construction time of the facility.

5.12. The work schedule for the preparatory period is developed taking into account the accepted construction sequence and scope of work; the data of the construction master plan are also taken into account, since it establishes the nomenclature of temporary construction objects and the amount of work. The methodology for developing this plan and the initial data are similar to those adopted for the construction schedule.

The composition and procedure for performing the work of the preparatory period depend on the adopted technology and local conditions. The composition of the on-site work of the preparatory period includes work related to the development of the construction site and ensuring the normal start and development of the main construction period, including: creation by the customer of a geodetic reference network - red lines, benchmarks, main axes of buildings, supporting construction grid; development of the construction site - clearing of the territory, demolition of buildings, etc .; engineering preparation of the site - planning of the territory with the arrangement of an organized runoff of surface water, arrangement of permanent or temporary roads, relocation of existing networks and arrangement of new ones to supply construction with water and electricity; arrangement of temporary structures; arrangement of communication facilities (telephone, radio and teletype) for construction management.

5.13. When designing the production of work for each specific object, additionally take into account the following main factors: the scheme of load-bearing structures (with longitudinal load-bearing walls, with transverse load-bearing partitions, frame-panel, etc.); building material (brick, precast or in-situ concrete); number of storeys; extent and configuration in plan; given construction time; seasonal working conditions; the current level of technology and organization of work; degree of specialization.

Usually, the construction of a residential building is envisaged in three cycles.

The first cycle is the construction of the underground part of the house; the leading process is the installation of basement structures. In difficult geological and hydrogeological conditions, work on the construction of an artificial foundation is the leading one. Depending on the design of the basement and the amount of work, division into grabs is made. To subdivide the work and organize their flow execution, it is advisable to have at least two captures.

In buildings with up to four sections, excavation of the soil is planned in one operation, and for longer ones - in two or more. In the latter case, the installation of foundations begins after the end of the mechanized excavation of the soil at the first seizure. In the case of a small gap in time between cycles or an insignificant depth of the excavation, when the crane can be installed outside the collapse prism, it is advisable to use a crane intended for the construction of the aboveground part of the building for the installation of the underground part. In any case, the feasibility of choosing a crane must be economically justified.

Installation of prefabricated foundations is carried out simultaneously with manual soil completion and sand bed filling.

With the pile version of foundations, a multi-grip system should be adopted, optimally in 6 grips - according to the number of processes: striker (1), cutting and preparation of heads (2); cleaning the base of the grillage (3); formwork and reinforcement works (3); concreting (4); exposure of concrete (5); stripping (6).

Installation (or masonry) of walls and partitions of the basement covers, in addition to the main ones, work on the arrangement of horizontal insulation, reinforcement belts, porches, pits.

Backfilling of the pit sinuses from the inside and backfilling under the floors are carried out after the installation of the first row of wall blocks and are planned in the schedule parallel to the installation of the walls.

The device of outlets and inlets of communications (sewerage, drainage, water supply, heating system, gas, electricity, telephony, dispatch communication) is provided before filling the sinuses of the excavation from the outside.

Waterproofing of walls is carried out after the completion of the installation of the walls before filling the external sinuses. It is advisable to plan the glued waterproofing according to the seizures, and the coating, given the high performance of the auto asphalt distributors, can be shown in the graph outside the flow.

Installation of floors and welding works on them are planned after the completion of the concrete floors in the basement. It is impossible to divide the installation of floors into grips equal to those adopted for the installation of walls, since the machine intensity of installation of floors is insignificant in comparison with the volumetric work on the foundations and walls of the underground part of the building.

Table 22 shows a schedule for the production of work on the underground part of a residential 9-storey 6-section building series I-515 on a strip foundation.

Table 22

Note: One ruler is 1st capture; two rulers - 2nd capture.

The second cycle - the construction of the above-ground part of the house - includes: the construction of the above-ground part with related works; civil works; special (sanitary, electrical, etc.). The leading process of this cycle is the installation (or laying) of the structures of the aboveground part of the house (box). Depending on the structure and volume of the house, it is divided into grabs. Single-section buildings (towers) are not divided into grips when the box is mounted in the plan. Associated works (welding, sealing and sealing of joints, jointing of seams) are carried out simultaneously with installation in different areas. Vertically, the box is divided into tiers equal to one floor, except for frame buildings with columns 2 floors high; in this case, 2 floors are taken as a tier. Extensive buildings are divided into seizures, the value of which is taken to be equal to the minimum floor - section and the maximum floor of the house. Usually, half a floor is taken for capture in houses from 3 to 6 sections.

The basis for the construction of multi-section buildings, regardless of their design, is based on the following technological principles: installation of structures in two parallel flows (3, 4 and 5 sections in each) using two tower cranes; combination with the installation of subsequent general construction and special works. In this case, the building is divided into two sections, and each section, in turn, into captures. Construction work, combined with the installation of structures, is carried out simultaneously in two areas, but at different stages and seizures.

When drawing up a schedule, in addition to purely installation work, it is necessary to provide for the supply of various component materials and parts to the floor - prefabricated elements of ventilation ducts and garbage chutes, electrical panels, heating devices, blanks for piping. In parallel with the installation of structures, it is recommended to carry out work on the installation of fences for stairs and balconies. With a lag of 1 - 2 floors, general construction works should be planned; their composition is listed in the attached schedule for the production of work on the construction of a large-panel house table. 23.

Table 23

Continuation of table 23

The design of the production of special works - sanitary and electrical and electrical installation - is carried out in conjunction with general construction and finishing. Special works are carried out in parallel with each other in two floors:

1st stage - before plastering works with a lag of installation by one or two floors. The works are planned according to grabs with a step equal to the rhythm of the floor installation.

Stage II - according to the cycles of painting work readiness (does not coincide for sanitary and electrical work). The completion of all special work must correspond to the completion date of the finishing. The work of this stage is carried out, as a rule, outside the flow - without dividing into captures.

Stage I of sanitary works includes the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, heating and gas supply. In winter, additional work should be provided for the installation of temporary systems for heating the finished floors.

The second stage of sanitary works begins after the first cycle of painting work, when the preparation for the last painting is completed in the sanitary facilities and kitchens, which opens the front for the installation of sanitary equipment. All sanitary works are carried out by one team, which does not exclude internal specialization (a link for the assembly of sewer cast iron pipelines, a link for welding steel pipes).

Stage I of electrical work includes: marking routes, punching and drilling nests, strips and grooves, laying risers, pipes and hoses for hidden wiring, laying out wires with partial embedment in walls and preparing for floors, installing junction boxes, floor cabinets and shields, and etc.

Stage II of electrical and low-current work begins after painting the ceilings and ends after pasting (painting) the walls. Work at this stage is carried out outside the flow without dividing into grabs. After painting - "opening" the ceilings in the apartments, the suspension of sockets and lamps is carried out. After pasting or painting the walls, switches, sockets, bells, plafonds are installed. At the end of the finishing work in the house, low-current wiring of the radio broadcasting network, dispatcher communication, and fire alarm is carried out. As a rule, both high-current and low-current works are performed by the same links, but in conditions of a high concentration of construction, low-current devices are mounted by specialized organizations.

Lift works are performed by specialized subcontractors. Elevator tubing is installed by a complex team assembling the house. The elevator fitters begin to align the elements and install the elevator units during the installation of the upper floors in time to ensure the timely completion of the work. The beginning of these works in 9-storey buildings falls on the completion of the assembly of seven floors. Element alignment and assembly of elevator assemblies are carried out on grips free from assembly of house structures.

The third cycle is the production of finishing work in a residential building. Plastering works in brick buildings are performed by specialized brigades (links) of finishing SU, and in prefabricated buildings - by complex brigades. Depending on the established deadlines and the availability of labor, plasterers occupy the entire front of work at once or perform work in-line, taking the floor of the house as a seizure and moving with a step equal to the installation of the floor. Tile works are performed in one cycle with plastering.

Painting work is carried out on all floors simultaneously with a breakdown into two stages. At the 1st stage, ceilings are putty and painted, loggias, balconies, external window slopes are painted, preparation for wallpapering and painting of walls and joinery. The laying of parquet and linoleum with sewing on the skirting boards can be started after the last wet process - "opening the ceilings" and, like painting, can be performed out of the stream. As these works are completed, the front is opened for stage II of painting work.

At the II stage of painting work, wallpapering, painting of walls and joinery are performed.

The combination of plastering and tile, painting and parquet, painting and special works is achieved by dividing the work front within a section, floor and even an apartment. Performing painting works, especially those related to stage II, with a breakdown into grabs by stages - sections, is inappropriate. Stage II of painting work should be performed immediately throughout the house, in a short time, before putting it into operation.

High-quality execution of the schedule is the basis for building related processes. A sample of filling can be downloaded for free at the link.

Like any paper that predicts certain future activities, calendar plan is a strategic written act used by people everywhere different professions... High-quality execution of the schedule is very important, since other processes are built on its basis. Kindergarten educators, teachers, builders use the calendar plan to predict their actions and do their job correctly. A sample calendar chart can be downloaded free of charge via a direct link on the page, without any restrictions.

There is no need to execute the document in several copies. Calendar paper is written by the author in a single version, and copied if necessary. Only in some cases, if required by the employer himself, the calendar sheet can be performed in two or more identical copies. In planning, the most important component is the time of execution of acts. A clear definition of what needs to be done in the future allows people to bring the result of their work closer to the highest possible point of quality.

Mandatory items in the schedule

• Name, relationship with the main pact, date;
• Stages, name of work, terms, cost (if necessary);
• Decoding of each stage, additions, explanations;
• Requisites of customers, performers;
• Signatures, decoding.

Instructions

The work schedule must be drawn up regardless of the type of work performed - whether it is scientific development or, even more so, construction or production work. Determine the scope of work and calculate the time required to complete each type of work, taking into account the approved standards or unified documentation - construction or other norms and rules.

Calculate the deadline for the entire scope of work, taking into account the timing of each type of work and their sequence, taking into account the existing technologies and methods that you are going to use in production. Consider the possibility of combining several types of work in one calendar period.

For each stage, determine the required number of labor resources, their qualifications, the composition of teams and units, their work schedule. Calculate the materials required to perform the work of equipment, driving mechanisms. Calculate the delivery schedule for materials and components in accordance with the production schedule. If any technological maps specific processes, link to local conditions to better define the timing. Your the main task- to ensure uninterrupted operation. Only then does planning make practical sense.

Determine the start and finish dates for this object, break it down into milestones, and set a due date for each. For ease of control and the possibility of quick adjustments that may be required during the course of work on a project, use simplified planning methods and draw up schedules for each stage. They can be compiled in several versions so that in case of a change in external conditions or the occurrence of force majeure, you are ready to use another, fallback, and not waste time developing it.

Related Videos

Sources:

• Create a work schedule

Schedule construction works is a step-by-step plan for the implementation of a given amount of work in a certain time frame. Thanks to competent planning, it is possible to complete the work on time and without exceeding the budget.

You will need

• Excel program or paper and pen

Instructions

Based on the scope of work, determine the time frame for each stage. It is necessary to take into account the regulations approved by the state. They are specified in standard documents - building codes and regulations.

From the customer's requirements for the object, determine which technologies and methods you are going to use when. Calculate the total time to complete the work. It is possible that the construction technology you have chosen will allow you to combine several stages of work in one calendar period. Create a timetable in Excel spreadsheets.

Calculate the required material and non-material resources for each type of work. Namely: the composition of teams and teams, the number of hours required for each type of work, materials and equipment. Based on technological requirements and labor legislation, it is necessary to correlate production processes with the om of supplies of materials. The goal of this planning is to speed up production as much as possible while minimizing costs and downtime.

5.1. Scheduling of work production, depending on the degree of complexity, provides for the development of:

complex network schedule, for the construction of a complex object or its part, which determines the sequence and timing of work with the maximum possible combination of them, as well as the standard operating time of construction machines, determines the need for labor resources and means of mechanization, highlights the stages and complexes of work entrusted brigades (including those working according to the brigade contract method), and their quantitative, professional and qualification composition is determined;

a schedule for the production of work for the construction of a residential or cultural and welfare building or its part, for the performance of types of technically complex and large-scale work, including a work schedule and a linear or cyclogram form; in the schedule, the stages and types of work entrusted to complex and specialized teams are highlighted, their quantitative, professional and qualification composition is determined;

a work schedule for the preparatory period of construction, including a work schedule in linear or cyclogram form or a network schedule.

5.2. The approved materials for providing the objects of the annual production program with labor, material and technical resources serve as the basis for the development of projects for the production of work for the construction of individual objects. Terms of development of PPR for each object are determined in accordance with the sequence of construction. Among the tasks of the project for the production of work, it is advisable to single out independent tasks (the solution of which is not related to the development of a schedule for the annual program of the construction organization) and dependent tasks (the solution of which is possible only after the development of a schedule for the annual program).

5.3. The development of complex network schedules is carried out on the basis of the decisions made in the construction organization project, and the schedule for the production of work for the annual program of the construction and installation organization.

A comprehensive network schedule should reflect:

sequence and timing of construction and installation works, equipment installation and testing;

the sequence and timing of the provision of work with material and technical resources and the timing of delivery for the installation of equipment, devices, cable products; terms of handover to the customer after the end of individual tests of the mounted equipment for its comprehensive testing.

The development of a comprehensive network schedule is carried out in the following order.

Initial data are selected from the project (including the construction organization project) with the necessary detailing of the work; labor intensity is determined according to ENiR or production standards; and according to estimates developed on the basis of working drawings, cost.

An initial network schedule (network model) is being developed, which should show the design, preparatory, main work and delivery of equipment for each of the facilities, broken down by main stages, as well as commissioning. On the basis of the initial data, local graphs are developed with greater detail, and then the local networks are "stitched" with the general network according to the reference points of the original graph. After that, the calculation and analysis of the network schedule is performed.

The final stage is the optimization (adjustment) of the schedule; at the bottom of the graph, capital investment development and labor movement should be shown.

5.4. The calendar plan for the production of work on the construction of a residential or cultural and amenity building is intended to determine the sequence and timing of general construction, special and installation work carried out during the construction of the facility. These terms are established as a result of the rational coordination of the timing of certain types of work, taking into account the composition and quantity of basic resources, primarily work teams and leading mechanisms, as well as the specific conditions of the construction area, a separate site and a number of other significant factors.

According to the schedule, the need for labor and material and technical resources is calculated in time, as well as the delivery times for all types of equipment. These calculations are performed for the facility as a whole and for individual periods of construction. Based on the schedule, the progress of work is monitored and the work of performers is coordinated. The terms of work calculated in the schedule are used as starting points in more detailed planning documents, for example, in weekly and daily schedules and shift tasks.

5.5. The initial data for the development of schedules as part of the work production project are:

calendar plans as part of the construction organization project;

construction duration standards or directive assignment;

working drawings and estimates;

data on organizations - participants in construction, conditions for the provision of workers with construction workers in the main professions, the use of a collective, brigade contract for the performance of work, production and technological equipment and transportation of construction goods, data on the available mechanisms and the possibilities of obtaining the necessary material resources;

work schedules for the annual program of the construction and installation organization.

The procedure for developing a schedule is as follows:

draws up a list (nomenclature) of works;

in accordance with the nomenclature for each type of work, their volumes are determined;

a choice of methods of production of basic works and leading machines is made;

the standard machine and labor intensity is calculated;

the composition of the brigades and units is determined;

the technological sequence of work is determined;

the shift of work is established;

the duration of work and their combination is determined, the number of performers and shifts are adjusted;

the estimated duration is compared with the normative one and adjustments are made;

based on the completed plan, resource requirements schedules are developed.

5.6. If technological maps are available, they are linked to local conditions. The input data of the maps are accepted as calculated for individual work complexes of the object's calendar plan. So, having a technological map for the installation of a typical stage and the roof of a residential building, in order to draw up a schedule for building a house, the installation dates and the need for resources included in the maps are taken.

5.7. The work schedule at the facility consists of two parts: left - calculated (Table 21) and right - graphical. The graphic part can be linear (Gantt chart, cyclogram) or network.

Column 1 (list of works) is filled in in the technological sequence of work performance, grouping them by type and period. In order for the schedule to be laconic, the work, with the exception of those performed by different performers (SU, sections, teams or links), must be combined. In the complex of works of one performer, the part that opens the front for the work of the next brigade should be shown separately.

Table 21

The scope of work (columns 2, 3) is determined according to working drawings and estimates and is expressed in units adopted in the Unified Rates and Prices (ENiR). The volume of special work is determined in terms of value (according to the estimate), if the labor intensity is calculated according to the output; when using aggregated indicators - in the corresponding meters.

The labor intensity of work (column 4) and the cost of machine time (column 5, 6) are calculated according to the current ENiR, taking into account the planned growth of labor productivity by introducing a correction factor for overfulfillment of norms. Along with ENiR, local and departmental norms and prices (MNiR, VNiR) are used.

To simplify the calculation, it is advisable to use aggregated rates developed on the basis of production estimates. Aggregated norms are drawn up by type of work on a building or its part (section, span, tier), a structural element (installation of floors with welding of embedded parts) or a complex process (for example, plastering the internal surfaces of houses, including plastering walls, slopes, traction of rustic surface notch, mortar base).

The enlarged norms take into account the achieved level of labor productivity. In the absence of consolidated standards, they first make up a calculation of labor costs, the calculation results of which are transferred to the schedule.

By the time the schedule is drawn up, the methods of work must be determined and the machines and mechanisms selected. When drawing up the schedule, the conditions for intensive operation of the main machines should be provided. The duration of mechanized work should be determined only by the performance of the machine. Therefore, first the duration of mechanized work is established, the rhythm of which determines the entire construction of the schedule, and then the duration of the work performed manually is calculated.

Duration of mechanized work T fur, day, is determined by the formula

T fur = N machine-cm / ( n mung m), (28)

where N machine-cm - the required number of machine-shifts (column 6); n mash - the number of cars; m- the number of work shifts per day (column 8).

The required number of machines depends on the volume and nature of construction and installation work and the timing of their implementation.

Duration of manual work T p, day, is calculated by dividing the labor intensity of work Q p, person-days, per number of workers n h, which may take the front of work

The limit on the number of workers who can work on the grip is determined by dividing the work front into plots, the size of which should be equal to the shift productivity of a link or one worker. The product of the number of plots and the composition of the units gives the maximum number of the brigade in the given capture.

Minimization of duration has a limit in the form of three restrictions: the size of the work front, the availability of workers and the technology of work. The minimum duration of individual works is determined by the technology of their implementation.

The number of shifts is reflected in gr. 8. When using basic machines (assembly cranes, excavators), the number of shifts is taken at least two. The shift in work performed manually and with the help of a mechanized tool depends on the front of the work and the workforce. The number of shifts is also determined by the requirements of the project (continuous concreting, etc.) and the directive terms for the construction of the facility.

The number of workers per shift and the composition of the brigade (groups 9 and 10) are determined in accordance with the labor intensity and duration of work. When calculating the composition of the brigade, it is assumed that the transition from one seizure to another should not cause changes in the number and qualifications. Taking this into account, the most rational combination of professions in the brigade is established. The calculation of the composition of the brigade is carried out in the following order: a set of works assigned to the brigade is outlined (according to column 1); the complexity of the work included in the complex is calculated (column 4); are selected from the calculation of labor costs by profession and category of workers; recommendations for the rational combination of professions are established; the duration of the leading process is set on the basis of the data on the time required for the leading machine to perform the intended complex; the number of units and brigades is calculated; the professional and qualification composition of the brigade is determined.

The complex of work entrusted to the brigade includes all operations necessary for the smooth operation of the leading machine, as well as all technologically related or dependent ones. When erecting the above-ground part of large-panel houses in two cycles, the first, along with the assembly work, includes all the work accompanying the installation: carpentry, special, etc., providing the preparation of the house for painting work. When building brick buildings in three cycles, the first one is assigned to the team (along with the assembly and accompanying ones) general construction, providing preparation for plastering. In the second and third cycles, plastering and painting works are performed, respectively.

In order for the numerical strength of the brigade to correspond to the productivity of the leading machine, the term of work, determined by the estimated time of operation of the machine, must be taken as the basis for the calculation.

The quantitative composition of each link n sv is determined on the basis of labor costs for work assigned to the link, Q p, man-days, and the duration of the leading process T fur, dn, according to the formula

n star = Q R / T fur m. (30)

The quantitative composition of the brigade is determined by summing up the number of workers of all parts of the brigade.

Labor costs by occupation and grade are established by sampling from the calculation of labor costs. The number of workers by profession and category n pr is determined by the formula

n pr = N br d, (31)

where N br - the total number of the brigade; d- the proportion of labor costs by profession and category in the total labor intensity of work.

5.8. Work schedule - the right side of the schedule clearly displays the progress of work in time, the sequence and coordination of work with each other.

The calendar dates for the execution of individual works are established on the basis of a strict technological sequence, taking into account the submission of the work front in the shortest possible time for the implementation of subsequent ones.

The technological sequence of work depends on specific design solutions. So, the method of laying internal power grids determines the technological sequence of plastering, painting and electrical installation work. Hidden electrical wiring is carried out before finishing work, and when open, plastering work precedes the installation of electrical wiring.

The period of readiness of the work front in some cases increases due to the need to comply with technological breaks between two consecutive works. If necessary, the amount of technological breaks can be reduced by using more intensive methods.

The technological sequence of performing a number of works also depends on the period of the year and the area of ​​construction. For the summer period, it is necessary to plan the production of the main volumes of earthworks, concrete, reinforced concrete works, in order to reduce their labor intensity and cost. If the finishing work falls on the autumn-winter period, then the glazing and the heating device must be completed by the beginning of the finishing work. If external and internal plastering can be performed in the warm season, then first of all, internal plastering is performed, as this opens up the front for subsequent work. But if during this period it is impossible to complete the external internal plastering, then before the onset of cold weather work on external plastering is forced, due to which conditions are created for the performance of internal plastering in the autumn-winter period, etc.

5.9. The main method of shortening the construction time of objects is the flow-parallel and combined execution of construction and installation works. Work that is not related to each other must be carried out in parallel and independently of each other. If there is a technological connection between works within the common front, the areas of their implementation are accordingly shifted and the works are performed in combination. In this case, it is necessary to especially strictly observe the labor protection rules. For example, when performing installation and finishing work during the day on one seizure, it is necessary to provide for the completion of finishing work in the first shift, and installation of structures in the second or third shift.

5.10. The alignment of the schedule of the need for workforce for the facility as a whole is achieved by reallocating the start and end dates of work. But this alignment is relative and is performed only within the rational technological sequence of work.

5.11. Scheduling (right-hand side) should begin with a lead work or process that decisively determines the overall duration of the facility's construction. Comparing with the normative, it is possible, if necessary, to reduce the duration of the leading process by increasing the shift and the number of mechanisms, or the number of performers in manual work. Depending on the period for which the schedule is calculated, and the complexity of the object, there may be several leading processes. The dates of the rest of the processes are tied to the leader. All non-leading processes can be divided into two groups: those executed in thread (as a rule, in equal or multiple rhythm with the leading thread) and outside the thread.

In the first group, the number of performers is determined as the quotient of dividing the labor intensity by the duration of the leading process. This is how plumbing, electrical, joinery, carpentry, plastering and other works are designed for the construction of a residential building. Here it remains to bind the start date of this or that specialized thread in relation to the leading one, that is, to establish - with a lag by how many seizures the next process should start.

The solution lies between the minimum determined by safety considerations and the minimum allowed by the established construction time frame.

The duration of the out-of-stream processes is assigned within the work periods technologically determined for them, taking into account the general construction time of the facility.

5.12. The work schedule for the preparatory period is developed taking into account the accepted construction sequence and scope of work; the data of the construction master plan are also taken into account, since it establishes the nomenclature of temporary construction objects and the amount of work. The methodology for developing this plan and the initial data are similar to those adopted for the construction schedule.

The composition and procedure for performing the work of the preparatory period depend on the adopted technology and local conditions. The composition of the on-site work of the preparatory period includes work related to the development of the construction site and ensuring the normal start and development of the main construction period, including: creation by the customer of a geodetic reference network - red lines, benchmarks, main axes of buildings, supporting construction grid; development of the construction site - clearing of the territory, demolition of buildings, etc .; engineering preparation of the site - planning of the territory with the arrangement of an organized runoff of surface water, arrangement of permanent or temporary roads, relocation of existing networks and arrangement of new ones to supply construction with water and electricity; arrangement of temporary structures; arrangement of communication facilities (telephone, radio and teletype) for construction management.

5.13. When designing the production of work for each specific object, additionally take into account the following main factors: the scheme of load-bearing structures (with longitudinal load-bearing walls, with transverse load-bearing partitions, frame-panel, etc.); building material (brick, precast or in-situ concrete); number of storeys; extent and configuration in plan; given construction time; seasonal working conditions; the current level of technology and organization of work; degree of specialization.

Usually, the construction of a residential building is envisaged in three cycles.

The first cycle is the construction of the underground part of the house; the leading process is the installation of basement structures. In difficult geological and hydrogeological conditions, work on the construction of an artificial foundation is the leading one. Depending on the design of the basement and the amount of work, division into grabs is made. To subdivide the work and organize their flow execution, it is advisable to have at least two captures.

In buildings with up to four sections, excavation of the soil is planned in one operation, and for longer ones - in two or more. In the latter case, the installation of foundations begins after the end of the mechanized excavation of the soil at the first seizure. In the case of a small gap in time between cycles or an insignificant depth of the excavation, when the crane can be installed outside the collapse prism, it is advisable to use a crane intended for the construction of the aboveground part of the building for the installation of the underground part. In any case, the feasibility of choosing a crane must be economically justified.

Installation of prefabricated foundations is carried out simultaneously with manual soil completion and sand bed filling.

With the pile version of foundations, a multi-grip system should be adopted, optimally in 6 grips - according to the number of processes: striker (1), cutting and preparation of heads (2); cleaning the base of the grillage (3); formwork and reinforcement works (3); concreting (4); exposure of concrete (5); stripping (6).

Installation (or masonry) of walls and partitions of the basement covers, in addition to the main ones, work on the arrangement of horizontal insulation, reinforcement belts, porches, pits.

Backfilling of the pit sinuses from the inside and backfilling under the floors are carried out after the installation of the first row of wall blocks and are planned in the schedule parallel to the installation of the walls.

The device of outlets and inlets of communications (sewerage, drainage, water supply, heating system, gas, electricity, telephony, dispatch communication) is provided before filling the sinuses of the excavation from the outside.

Waterproofing of walls is carried out after the completion of the installation of the walls before filling the external sinuses. It is advisable to plan the glued waterproofing according to the seizures, and the coating, given the high performance of the auto asphalt distributors, can be shown in the graph outside the flow.

Installation of floors and welding works on them are planned after the completion of the concrete floors in the basement. It is impossible to divide the installation of floors into grips equal to those adopted for the installation of walls, since the machine intensity of installation of floors is insignificant in comparison with the volumetric work on the foundations and walls of the underground part of the building.

Table 22 shows a schedule for the production of work on the underground part of a residential 9-storey 6-section building series I-515 on a strip foundation.

Table 22

Note: One ruler is 1st capture; two rulers - 2nd capture.

The second cycle - the construction of the above-ground part of the house - includes: the construction of the above-ground part with related works; civil works; special (sanitary, electrical, etc.). The leading process of this cycle is the installation (or laying) of the structures of the aboveground part of the house (box). Depending on the structure and volume of the house, it is divided into grabs. Single-section buildings (towers) are not divided into grips when the box is mounted in the plan. Associated works (welding, sealing and sealing of joints, jointing of seams) are carried out simultaneously with installation in different areas. Vertically, the box is divided into tiers equal to one floor, except for frame buildings with columns 2 floors high; in this case, 2 floors are taken as a tier. Extensive buildings are divided into seizures, the value of which is taken to be equal to the minimum floor - section and the maximum floor of the house. Usually, half a floor is taken for capture in houses from 3 to 6 sections.

The basis for the construction of multi-section buildings, regardless of their design, is based on the following technological principles: installation of structures in two parallel flows (3, 4 and 5 sections in each) using two tower cranes; combination with the installation of subsequent general construction and special works. In this case, the building is divided into two sections, and each section, in turn, into captures. Construction work, combined with the installation of structures, is carried out simultaneously in two areas, but at different stages and seizures.

When drawing up a schedule, in addition to purely installation work, it is necessary to provide for the supply of various component materials and parts to the floor - prefabricated elements of ventilation ducts and garbage chutes, electrical panels, heating devices, blanks for piping. In parallel with the installation of structures, it is recommended to carry out work on the installation of fences for stairs and balconies. With a lag of 1 - 2 floors, general construction works should be planned; their composition is listed in the attached schedule for the production of work on the construction of a large-panel house table. 23.

Table 23

Continuation of table 23

The design of the production of special works - sanitary and electrical and electrical installation - is carried out in conjunction with general construction and finishing. Special works are carried out in parallel with each other in two floors:

1st stage - before plastering works with a lag of installation by one or two floors. The works are planned according to grabs with a step equal to the rhythm of the floor installation.

Stage II - according to the cycles of painting work readiness (does not coincide for sanitary and electrical work). The completion of all special work must correspond to the completion date of the finishing. The work of this stage is carried out, as a rule, outside the flow - without dividing into captures.

Stage I of sanitary works includes the installation of internal systems of cold and hot water supply, heating and gas supply. In winter, additional work should be provided for the installation of temporary systems for heating the finished floors.

The second stage of sanitary works begins after the first cycle of painting work, when the preparation for the last painting is completed in the sanitary facilities and kitchens, which opens the front for the installation of sanitary equipment. All sanitary works are carried out by one team, which does not exclude internal specialization (a link for the assembly of sewer cast iron pipelines, a link for welding steel pipes).

Stage I of electrical work includes: marking routes, punching and drilling nests, strips and grooves, laying risers, pipes and hoses for hidden wiring, laying out wires with partial embedment in walls and preparing for floors, installing junction boxes, floor cabinets and shields, and etc.

Stage II of electrical and low-current work begins after painting the ceilings and ends after pasting (painting) the walls. Work at this stage is carried out outside the flow without dividing into grabs. After painting - "opening" the ceilings in the apartments, the suspension of sockets and lamps is carried out. After pasting or painting the walls, switches, sockets, bells, plafonds are installed. At the end of the finishing work in the house, low-current wiring of the radio broadcasting network, dispatcher communication, and fire alarm is carried out. As a rule, both high-current and low-current works are performed by the same links, but in conditions of a high concentration of construction, low-current devices are mounted by specialized organizations.

Lift works are performed by specialized subcontractors. Elevator tubing is installed by a complex team assembling the house. The elevator fitters begin to align the elements and install the elevator units during the installation of the upper floors in time to ensure the timely completion of the work. The beginning of these works in 9-storey buildings falls on the completion of the assembly of seven floors. Element alignment and assembly of elevator assemblies are carried out on grips free from assembly of house structures.

The third cycle is the production of finishing work in a residential building. Plastering works in brick buildings are performed by specialized brigades (links) of finishing SU, and in prefabricated buildings - by complex brigades. Depending on the established deadlines and the availability of labor, plasterers occupy the entire front of work at once or perform work in-line, taking the floor of the house as a seizure and moving with a step equal to the installation of the floor. Tile works are performed in one cycle with plastering.

Painting work is carried out on all floors simultaneously with a breakdown into two stages. At the 1st stage, ceilings are putty and painted, loggias, balconies, external window slopes are painted, prepared for wallpapering and painting walls and joinery. The laying of parquet and linoleum with sewing on the skirting boards can be started after the last wet process - “opening the ceilings” and, like painting, can be done out of the stream. As these works are completed, the front is opened for stage II of painting work.

At the II stage of painting work, wallpapering, painting of walls and joinery are performed.

The combination of plastering and tile, painting and parquet, painting and special works is achieved by dividing the work front within a section, floor and even an apartment. Performing painting works, especially those related to stage II, with a breakdown into grabs by stages - sections, is inappropriate. Stage II of painting work should be performed immediately throughout the house, in a short time, before putting it into operation.