Methodology for drawing up a UNIDO business plan. Business planning according to UNIDO standard Organization business plan unido examples

Organizational plan The success of the project directly depends on the top management of the company. This section describes the organization of the management staff and key specialists, the organizational structure of the enterprise and the timing of the project, ways to motivate the management staff. 7. Financial plan It is necessary to describe the main financial calculations and costs, to calculate the cost price and describe the cost estimate for the project. Also, describe the sources financial resources, provide a table of expenses and income and describe the cash flow. The structure of this part:

• Preparatory period costs
• Main period costs
• Calculation of receipts
• Loan servicing costs
• Tax payments
• Other receipts and payments
• Gains and losses report
• Real money flow
• Forecast balance

Vneshtorgclub

Need to provide evidence solvency of the enterprise who will implement the business plan. It is necessary to stipulate guarantees for the return of borrowed funds in the event of unforeseen, force majeure circumstances. For example, one of such guarantees may be the availability of equipment, machinery, buildings, structures on the balance sheet of an enterprise.

How to make a business plan according to unido standard?

Important

One of the organizations offering standards for business planning is UNIDO - an organization fighting for global prosperity, supporting the industrial development of developing countries and countries with economies in transition (www.unido.org). UNIDO provides various assistance to countries with economies in transition and developing countries in adaptation and development in the context of globalization of the economy and the world as a whole. The organization collects knowledge, information, experience and technology, transfers it to countries in need, and thereby contributes to the development of a competitive economy and an increase in employment.

Business plan according to the unido standard

You should also indicate the costs of subcontractors and contracts with them. If a business plan according to the UNIDO methodology is not devoted to the production of goods, but to trade or the provision of services, this production plan should contain a description of the processes of purchasing goods, storage, distribution, inventory control, etc. 6. Organizational plan The section provides for the disclosure of the issues of the organization of the management staff, staff motivation, the timing of the project within the framework of the business plan.

This section provides a description of the organization for the implementation of a business idea: provides legal support, considers the management team, key specialists (detailed service records of personnel should be included in the appendix). The persons behind their back should also be described.

The unido method: some questions of preparing a business plan

Founded in 1966. Business plan structure according to UNIDO standards:

• summary
• description of the industry and company
• description of services (goods)
• sales and marketing
• production plan
• organizational plan
• financial plan
• project efficiency assessment
• company guarantees and risks
• annexes

1. Summary This section contains general information about the business plan. The resume gives an impression of the entire project, so it is always looked at by potential investors. The resume should contain concise but understandable information and provide answers to questions of concern to investors - what is the volume of investments, loan terms, guarantees of return, volume own funds etc.

Business plan of the unido standard: what are its features

In this section, you must show the investor that this market exists. Potential buyers are divided into end consumers and wholesale buyers. If the consumer is an enterprise, then it is characterized by the location and the industry in which you work.
If the consumer is the population, then it is characterized by standard socio-demographic characteristics - gender, age, social status, and so on. Also, it is worth describing the consumer properties of goods - the price, service life of the product, appearance other. The structure of this part:

• 1. Requirements that the consumer makes for this type of product and your ability to meet them
• 2. Analysis and description of competitors, what are the strengths and weaknesses you will have
• 3. Marketing research, description of the market and its development prospects

The right decision

• sales - from packaging and storage to direct sales at points of sale and warranty service
• attracting consumers - in what ways (marketing tools), analysis of the price elasticity of demand

• Production plan Calculation of fixed and variable production costs, production and sales volumes, calculation of production costs and general information about the capabilities of the enterprise. The structure of this part: - the geographical location of the enterprise, transport routes, the availability of communications - the technology and level of qualifications of personnel - the need for space - staffing - environmental friendliness of production and the safety of workers - the volume of production - wages and other personnel costs - costs for raw materials and materials - current costs for production-variables costs - fixed costs 6.

Unido standards business plan

The structure of the production plan within the UNIDO methodology can be as follows:

1. Geographical location of the enterprise, transport routes, availability of communications
2. Technologies
3. The level of qualifications of personnel, the composition and structure of labor resources, their qualifications, wages (plus charges on it, for example, social payments)
4. Required production areas, equipment
5. Depreciation
6. Volume of production
7. Costs of raw materials, energy, components, materials
8. Operating costs of production (consolidated calculation)
9. Variable, fixed costs
10. Environmental friendliness and safety of production

When manufacturing process it is supposed to be transferred partially or completely to subcontractors, then it is necessary to make a description of all subcontractors, indicating their location, and also justify their choice.
This section should demonstrate to the investor the fact that the project is sufficiently resilient to changes in external conditions. This is a kind of financial and economic guarantees that the project will still bring an acceptable profit, even if the external conditions are relatively unfavorable. Let's say if, with an increase in the cost of raw materials or wages By only 15%, the total profit is reduced by as much as 50% - then it will immediately become clear to a competent investor that it is better not to get involved with such a project at all, because there is a great risk of losing all the funds invested in it.

Attention

After all, an investor invests money in a business project AT YOUR OWN RISK. 9. Guarantees and risks of a business idea This section analyzes the main risks and guarantees of return. Risk analysis is highly dependent on the type of investor.

Unido business plan standard

The UNIDO business plan is developed if the entrepreneur does not use borrowed funds Sberbank and Rosselkhozbank, but wants to use the services of other investors or other banks. United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIDO has adopted standards that are designed to promote industrial international development business and cooperation. To strengthen your position in the Russian or international market, you need to clearly know the principles and rules established by law. A great deal of knowledge in the field of law, economic and market structure, and pricing will be required. For many years, the specialists of our company have been actively involved in the development and preparation of UNIDO business plans.

Unido business plan standard in brief

In this case, you can use all available visualization tools, for example, graphic editors, and even 3D technologies. Briefly (in more detail this will be indicated in marketing plan) lists the main consumers, scope and characteristics of the product (patentability and copyright, availability of a license and quality certificate (if necessary), cost price, price, competitiveness, ergonomics, environmental friendliness, safety, delivery terms (including packaging), guarantees and service , peculiarities of product exploitation, as well as utilization It is clear that the specified list depends on the specifics of the business.
It is preferable if this section contains a photograph of a product or service.

Last update: 09/06/2016

How to make a business plan according to UNIDO standard?

UNIDO is a global prosperity organization committed to supporting the industrial development of developing countries and countries with economies in transition (). Financial models within the framework of these standards, they are executed in the COMFAR III, PROPSPIN software environment (these programs were developed by UNIDO itself), as well as in a number of other software products.
I must say that UNIDO only gives recommendations, not standards. In particular, there are:

Manual for the Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies, 1991
Manual for Evaluation of Industrial Projects. UNIDO, Vienna, 1978 (Guidelines for the Appraisal of Industrial Projects), 1978, 1993

In addition, there are some other publications issued by UNIDO as guidance for business planning, in particular:

• World Information Directory of Industrial Technology and Investment Support Services
• Guidelines for Investment Promotion Agencies: Foreign Investment Flows to Developing Countries
• Manual for Small Industrial Business; Project Design and Appraisal
• Manual on Technology Transfer Negotiations
• Guide to Practical Project Appraisal: Social Benefit-Cost Analysis in Developing Countries
• Guidelines for Infrastructure Development through Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Projects
• Guidelines for Project Evaluation

They can be purchased on the official UNIDO website.
I must say that outside the CIS, UNIDO methods are not very widespread. But, at least in Russia, almost all methodology, intended for development of business plans, including those published by the state, as well as various investors (for example, banks) are very much based on recommendations UNIDO... The overwhelming majority of textbooks, monographs, and media publications on the topic of "business planning" are based precisely on these standards.

Here is a list of sections business plan according to standards (recommendations) UNIDO (UNIDO):

Note that the strict name of the sections business plan, carried out according to the UNIDO method, No. The main thing is that they have an appropriate semantic load.

1. Summary

This section gives an impression of the whole project, which is why investors read it. first of all... The resume contains concise but succinct information about the business idea. In particular, there should be a description of it, the terms of lending, the required volume of investments, their nature (credit, leasing, etc.), the amount of own funds, the scale and potential of the market, etc. In fact, all other sections business plan according to the UNIDO method represent nothing more than a detailed, expanded disclosure of everything that is contained in the summary, as well as the scientific rationale for the numbers cited in it. It is good if the volume of the resume takes no more than 1 page of standard printed text, printed in a font with a size of at least 12. The fact is that a potential investor, analyzing the resume, should be able to cover, as they say, at a glance, the whole essence of the project, under which a business plan is written. After reading the resume, the investor usually decides whether to read the rest of the article. business plan or not by rejecting it.

2. Description of the industry and enterprise implementing the business idea

This section contains information about the enterprise that will implement the business idea. The line of business is briefly described here - i.e. products or services intended for release, as well as business partnerships (in particular, suppliers are indicated). A description of the industry and brief (this will be indicated in detail in the marketing plan) prospects for its development, the most important financial indicators of the enterprise for the last 2-5 years, its staffing, characterize materials, production capacities, as well as the management structure.

3. Description of services (goods)

This is where the presentation of the manufactured goods (services offered) is carried out. In this case, you can use all available visualization tools, for example, graphic editors, and even 3D technologies. Briefly (this will be indicated in more detail in the marketing plan) lists the main consumers, the scope and characteristics of the product (patentability and copyrights, availability of a license and quality certificate (if necessary), cost price, price, competitiveness, ergonomics, environmental friendliness, safety, delivery conditions ( including packaging), guarantees and service, particulars of product operation, as well as recycling It is clear that this list depends on the specifics of the business.

It is preferable if this section contains a photograph of a product or service. If, for example, as an idea in business plan according to UNIDO methodology hotel services appear - it is advisable to have a general view of the hotel, as well as photographs revealing the decoration of the rooms, elements of the service.

4. Marketing plan

First of all, the sales market is described here. After reading this section, the investor should clearly see that the market IS and the business plan you are proposing is worth putting into practice. The investor should see how the offered product or service is thought out in relation to the needs of buyers and how competitive they are, whether there are any prospects for development; are there any downsides. Please be aware that business plan according to UNIDO methodology that does not contain any drawbacks, most likely, will be rejected by the investor due to insufficient development of the project (unless, of course, the investor, excuse me, is not a fool). For it is obvious that almost ANY business plan, any business idea has flaws. The only question is which ones and how significant they are.

The buyers of goods (services), the description of which is given in the business plan, can be end users (individuals) or wholesalers.

If the consumer is an enterprise, then it must be characterized by the relevant industry, as well as location. If the population is the consumer, then it is necessary to bring a socio-demographic cut, i.e. indicate gender, age, social status, estimated income level, etc.

Also in the marketing section business plan according to the UNIDO method there is a description of the consumer properties of goods - price, product service life, appearance, etc.

Also, a thorough analysis of competitors is given, methods of attracting customers are described (FOSSTIS system - the formation of demand and sales).

Marketing section structure business plan according to UNIDO methodology could be as follows:

1. Requirements and wishes of consumers for products, services and your ability to meet these requirements
2. Analysis of competitors (strengths and weaknesses); what is the real place of the proposed business idea among them
3. Marketing research of the market, forecast of its development
4. Characteristics of sales: packaging, storage, place of sale (provision of services), warranty and post-warranty service
5. Attraction system consumers (how the buyer learns about the product, what exactly will attract him): advertising, promotion of goods, services
6. Analysis elasticity of demand by price

In this section, you can conduct research based on SWOT, PEST, ABC, XYZ and other analysis methods. Undoubtedly, the presence of visual diagrams, supported by calculations (with the results in the form of tables) will be good evidence of the practical feasibility of your a business plan drawn up according to the UNIDO methodology.
Thus, the task of this section of the business plan is to convince the investor that your idea is the best in this segment.
Note: however, you should not overload this section with tables, diagrams, diagrams. Have pity on the future reader of the business plan - the investor: after all, he is also a human being. Who, perhaps, is not an expert in all these charts of Gantt, Ishikawa, etc. Therefore, it is highly desirable that the material in this section should be presented VISIBLY.

5. Production plan

This plan should fully describe the manufacturing process. The calculation of the volume of production of goods and services is carried out; calculation of the cost of production and general information about the production capabilities of the enterprise within the framework of the proposed business plan according to the UNIDO method. It is advisable to decompose the prime cost according to the Direct costing system, i.e. in the context of constant and variable costs.

Variable costs:

• Raw materials and materials, spare parts, components
• ITEM wages (with charges for it) - as a rule, production personnel.
• Fuel, electricity for production purposes

Fixed costs:

• Depreciation Maintenance, repair of equipment
• Fuel and energy for non-production purposes (e.g. space heating)
• Expenses for FOSSTIS (advertising, promotion of goods and services)
• Administrative costs (TEMPORARY wages - usually administrative staff, security, cleaning of premises, etc., as well as public Utilities, travel expenses, communications, etc.)

This section also reflects the required production areas, capacities, human (labor) resources. How much and what specific production facilities do you already have? How much will you need to purchase? As a rule, it is in the production plan that the answer to the question is contained, for what purposes does the developer of a business plan using the UNIDO method need investments.

The structure of the production plan within the UNIDO methodology can be as follows:

1. Geographical location of the enterprise, transport routes, availability of communications
2. Technologies
3. The level of qualifications of personnel, the composition and structure of labor resources, their qualifications, wages (plus charges on it, for example, social payments)
4. Required production areas, equipment
5. Depreciation
6. Volume of production
7. Costs of raw materials, energy, components, materials
8. Operating costs of production (consolidated calculation)
9. Variable, fixed costs
10. Environmental friendliness and safety of production

When the production process is supposed to be transferred partially or completely to subcontractors, it is necessary to make a description of all subcontractors, indicating their location, and also justify their choice. You should also indicate the costs of subcontractors and contracts with them.

If business plan according to UNIDO method is not devoted to the production of goods, but to trade or the provision of services, this production plan should contain a description of the processes of purchasing goods, storing, distributing, controlling stocks, etc.

6. Organizational plan

The section provides for the disclosure of the issues of organizing the management team, personnel motivation, the timing of the project within the framework of the business plan.

This section provides a description of the organization for the implementation of a business idea: provides legal support, considers the management team, key specialists (detailed service records of personnel should be included in the appendix). The persons behind their backs should also be described. For each of the owners, you should also give information about their capabilities and responsibilities, illustrate the organizational structure of the company, the timing of the project, ways to motivate management personnel.

After reading the organizational plan a business plan created in accordance with the UNIDO methodology, the investor must make sure that there is a good organization of the proposed project; that the business project will be implemented not by just anyone, but by reliable and qualified performers.

7. Financial plan

This section is about financial performance a business plan drawn up according to the UNIDO methodology... Here are the variable and fixed costs (in aggregate, because their detailed calculation is given in the production section of the business plan) for the production of goods, services; cost estimate for project implementation, need and funding sources. A table of expenses and incomes, cash flow during the implementation of a business project (cash flow) is calculated.
V business plan according to UNIDO method cash flow is calculated:

• Undiscounted and discounted, taking into account the risks and the minimum rate of return of the project
• Current (monthly or quarterly) and cumulative

A forecast balance can also be drawn up.

The indicative structure of the financial plan may be as follows:

• Preparatory period costs
• Costs of the current period
• Calculation of project receipts
• Costs associated with servicing a loan (or borrowed funds in any other form)
• Tax payments
• Other income and expenses (receipts and payments)
• Cash flow
• Funding strategy (sources of funds, their use, repayment frequency)
• Margin analysis chart (with the construction of a break-even point)

The application can contain (in aggregated form):

• Report on financial results(earlier this form was called "Profit and Loss Statement") (form No. 2)
• Projected balance sheet (form No. 1)

8. Assessment of the economic efficiency of the project

This section is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation of a business project, its financial analysis is carried out. Such indicators are analyzed

Relative

• NPV (or NPV - net present value)
• ID (or PI - profitability index)
• IRR (internal rate of return), etc.

Absolute

• The total amount of costs, revenues and profits for the period of completion of the project (usually 2 ... 7 years)

There is also factor analysis the sensitivity of the main indicators of the business plan to changes in external factors (changes in the cost of raw materials, electricity, wages in the market, rent, a decrease in the cost of similar goods and services as a result of a decrease in demand or actions of competitors). As a rule, they limit themselves to studying the sensitivity of absolute indicators - the total profit of a business project.

This section should demonstrate to the investor the fact that the project is sufficiently resilient to changes in external conditions. This is a kind of financial and economic guarantees that the project will still bring an acceptable profit, even if the external conditions are relatively unfavorable.

For example, if with an increase in the cost of raw materials or wages by only 15%, the total profit decreases by as much as 50%, then it will immediately become clear to a competent investor that it is better not to get involved with such a project at all, because there is a great risk of losing all the funds invested in it. After all, an investor invests money in a business project AT YOUR OWN RISK.

9. Guarantees and risks of a business idea

This section analyzes the main risks, return guarantees. Risk analysis is highly dependent on the type of investor. Indeed, for each investor, the most dangerous can be, generally speaking, different risks.

It is necessary to provide evidence of the solvency of the company that will implement the business plan. It is necessary to stipulate guarantees for the return of borrowed funds in the event of unforeseen, force majeure circumstances. For example, one of such guarantees may be the availability of equipment, machinery, buildings, structures on the balance sheet of an enterprise. You can also provide for insurance of a business project in case of loss. For a number of projects (if they have, for example, high social significance), it is possible to obtain municipal or state guarantees.

10. Appendix

The appendix contains information that is inappropriate to provide in the main part of the business plan, implemented using the UNIDO methodology. Appendix to business plan according to UNIDO methodology designed to relieve the main part of it from unnecessary detail, while containing evidence and justification. These are, in particular, documents:

• Containing information about the company and its economic activity (constituent documents, licenses, certificates, certificates, diplomas, copies of media materials on the activities of the enterprise, reviews, etc.)
• Letters from distributors, contractors and customers
• Materials characterizing products or services (drawings, photographs and other visual materials, copies of patents, results of certification and testing of manufactured products, services)
• Marketing research materials (results of consumer surveys, comparative data about competitors, applications for the supply of products from future buyers)
• Detailed financial and economic calculations, help, cost estimate
• Letters of guarantee, agreements, information on pledges, extracts from legislative and normative documents that support the project or protect it from risks
• Price lists with prices of competitors and suppliers of raw materials

I must say that not every investor will delve into the study of the materials available in the Appendix to business plan prepared according to UNIDO... At the same time, its presence allows one to judge, at least, about the seriousness and thoroughness of the business project development. That the businessman tried to take into account all the details and particulars that are more or less significant. Naturally, this approach is additional guarantee the feasibility of the business plan within the planned scenario.

Also, the presence of an Appendix to business plan executed in accordance with UNIDO standards speaks of a certain respect for the investor. For the main part contains the most important information, and in the Appendix all relevant indicators are disclosed. If the investor believes, as they say, on the word - he can not read the Appendix, limiting himself to analyzing the main part. But if in doubt, he can study the evidentiary part in more detail (independently or by entrusting this work to trusted analysts).

Here, in short, these are the features of writing a business plan in accordance with the recommendations (standards) of the UNIDO organization. If you wish, you can quite understand them yourself. However, not everyone has enough time and energy for this.

If you have any difficulties in developing a business plan according to the UNIDO methodology, we are ready to help you!
You can leave an application for a business plan on our website.

• What is UNIDO methodology.
• What is the structure of a business plan according to the UNIDO method.
• How to develop a business plan using the UNIDO method.

UNIDO is one of the leading organizations offering standards for creating an effective business plan.

UNIDO Business Planning Methodology

The UNIDO business plan is drawn up according to the standards developed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. The full name of the methodology, published in 1978, sounds like "Guidelines for the preparation of industrial feasibility studies."

UNIDO's business planning methodology takes an integrated approach that requires professional knowledge and skills in a number of areas: marketing, market and financial analysis, personnel management, etc.

Business plan structure according to UNIDO methodology

A business plan drawn up according to the UNIDO methodology must comply with accepted standards. It should include the following chapters:

• Summary. General information about the project, amounts, terms, guarantees.
• Main idea. Information about the company, its activities, prospects and connections.
• Description of goods and services. What the company offers, with what it enters the market.
• Market analysis, marketing. The most complete description of the sales market, analysis of competitors, company prospects.
• Production plan. The location of the company is indicated here, transport links and existing communications are separately negotiated. The personnel structure and production volume are analyzed. If necessary, a report on the company's environmental safety is provided.
• Organizational plan. It is considered how the personnel of the company will be organized, including the management team and structural divisions.
• Financial plan. The approximate amount that will be required for the implementation of the project is calculated (including preparation costs, main period, taxes), the movement is analyzed Money and profit, a projected balance sheet is drawn up.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of the project... The efficiency of a new enterprise, department, project is calculated. The sensitivity of the project to the influence of various external and internal factors is assessed.
• Risks and guarantees. This chapter provides data related to the payback of the project. All risks arising in the course of its implementation are assessed separately.
• Applications. This section contains registration documents, graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, calculations, market research results and calculations of financial and economic indicators.

Business plan development according to UNIDO standard

Let's consider some aspects related to the development of a business plan using the UNIDO methodology in more detail.

Market analysis and preparation of a sales plan

The main section of the UNIDO business plan is market analysis and marketing strategy. In other words, you need to carefully assess the sales market. The detail depends on the complexity of the research carried out on the significance of the problem for a particular project.

There are several ways to obtain information for analysis. The main ones include desk and field research, as well as their combination.

In a desk study, information is collected and studied that is already available somewhere. The main advantages of the method include the ability to collect data from several sources as quickly and inexpensively as possible. The disadvantages include the lack of any specific data, outdated information. In addition, the data taken from different sources can vary significantly. When collecting information, you can use statistical reference books and research, which are periodically conducted by government agencies.

Field research is the work of the original compiler. Observations, interviews, polls - all in accordance with the purpose of a specific study and under close supervision. Possible disadvantages of this method include high cost in comparison with desk research and longer duration of work. However, there is one indisputable advantage - the most accurate data, because the study is "sharpened" for a specific project.

Existing competitors are assessed separately. The analysis is carried out in stages:

• Competitors are determined. First of all, direct, working with the same target audience.
• Information about competitors is collected. Market position, sales volume, marketing costs, reputation in the market - everything that will make it possible to understand whether a given competitor is serious, assess its capabilities and work out ways to promote its own product.
• Analysis. Based on the data obtained, competitors are analyzed, approximate indicators are calculated, strengths and weaknesses are identified.
• Analysis of the competitiveness of the project. Based on the analysis of competitors, an analysis of their own competitiveness is made.

After that, it is developed marketing strategy and a sales plan is drawn up.

When planning sales volumes, it is worth considering a couple of points:

• The company will not immediately reach the planned capacity. In the early days, unforeseen circumstances are always possible.
• Seasonality and cyclicality. Not all goods and services can be sold year-round. Many products are seasonal.

When describing prices, it is worth deciding on the currency. If you work with several markets, including export, it is logical to use 2 currencies.

To create the most complete picture of financial flows, prices are recommended to include VAT - this will be more consistent with the real picture.

The sales plan can be presented in tabular form. In the example UNIDO business plan, this would look like this:

Assessing Market Attractiveness: An Analysis of Porter's Five Forces

Many executives take into account the level of competition in the industry and their own advantages when making strategic decisions about entering the market or allocating investments. However, this is not enough. With a wider and integrated approach we advise you to apply the analysis of Porter's five forces. Learn from the article electronic journal"Commercial Director" how to conduct this analysis.

Organizational structure

V organizational structure includes a company / project management scheme. It is being developed in accordance with the planned functions. As an example, we give a standard diagram with functions, according to the structure of the UNIDO business plan:

• General manager. Manages the company, is responsible for its activities.
• Financial department, accounting department. Carry out accounting, tax accounting, calculate all costs, draw up budgets and exercise financial control.
• Human Resources Department. Function - staff recruitment, training, accounting.
• Purchase department. Area of ​​responsibility - uninterrupted flow of materials and services, transportation of goods, ensuring the safety of inventory.
• Marketing department. Functions - market analysis, sales strategy development, search for new markets, PR campaigns, participation in various conferences, exhibitions, tenders.
• Production Department. Function - production of products, provision of work, services.
• Maintenance and repair. This department performs maintenance, preventive inspection and repair of equipment.

Raw materials and supplies

Raw materials, materials, components are direct costs. They are directly related to the cost of the product. In some industries, raw materials and supplies account for up to 70% of total cost, therefore, it is this section that receives increased attention.

According to the UNIDO methodology, the following classification is introduced:

• Directly raw materials and supplies.
• Processed materials.
• Supporting materials.
• Utility costs.
• Spare parts and consumables.

Some costs directly depend on the number of sales, others do not. Therefore, it is customary to divide the entire amount of costs into fixed and variable ones.

Location

If a new enterprise is being built, special attention is paid to the correct choice of the site. Where possible, all existing criteria are taken into account:

• Availability of a sales market - large cities, agglomerations.
• Access to raw materials with minimal transport costs.
• The presence of a developed infrastructure - electricity, gas pipeline, water supply, etc.
• The interest of the regional administration in the opening of a new production.
• Investment climate in the region and much more.

Production and technological costs

The task of production and technological planning is to create functional diagram project and calculation of investment costs. An important part of the design is the choice of technology and the costs of its acquisition and development. The technology chosen depends on what equipment is needed for work.

The choice of technology is directly related to the conditions of its operation in the given conditions. Technologies are assessed on the basis of production capacity and begin with a quantitative assessment of the volume of production, the period of its increase, the period of development of capacities, and the compliance of the manufactured products with market requirements. In addition, it is desirable to take into account and minimize the impact new technology on the ecology of the region and the environment.

The technology can be public, publicly available, closed. It can be owned by a company or owned by developers and is transferable under certain conditions.

The choice of technology is interconnected with the equipment. For individual projects (for example, a cement plant), the production technology is supplied with the equipment, and separate measures for the purchase of machines or developments are not required.

According to UNIDO methodology, equipment installation costs are accounted for separately, unless otherwise specified in the terms of the contract. Installation costs depend on the type of equipment and the nature of the installation.

General production costs

When creating a production complex and in the presence of technology and associated equipment, costs inevitably arise for the maintenance of this production complex and the purchased equipment. All such costs are reflected in the forecast for general production costs.

General production costs are mostly fixed costs that are part of the cost of production. These include:

• Labor costs of employees.
• Purchase of auxiliary production materials.
• Payment of utilities.
• Fare.

UNIDO is a division of the United Nations founded in 1966 to fight poverty. It has developed business plan standards that promote global prosperity and industrial improvement, and stimulate the productivity of transition and emerging economies. The organization helps them adapt to the rapidly changing economic environment and close the gap with the world's leading powers. The project specialists strive to create equally prosperous conditions for people all over the world.

Content of the UNIDO standard business plan

After a painstaking analysis, the structure of the optimal plan for the development of enterprises was derived:

1. Summary.
2. Company and industry data.
3. Information about the goods produced or the services provided.
4. Marketing and Sales.
5. Production plan.
6. Workflow organization plan.
7. Financial plan.
8. The effectiveness of the project.
9. Enterprise risks and guarantees.
10. Applications.

Summary

This clause provides general information about the document. When developers pitch their ideas to sponsors, they only delve into the plan if their attention is grabbed by the brief summary of the résumé. It is worth providing information about the amount of funds required for the implementation of the project, talk about the loan terms, return guarantees, the amount of funds already available, etc. Detailed data on these items will be given in other sections. There you can prove the validity of the calculations presented.

Company and industry data

Tell us about your business, its products or services. They also give arguments in favor of the prospects of working in the industry, the values financial indicators, describe the staffing and management structure. It would be useful to mention the established partnerships.

Information about manufactured goods or provided services

In this section, it is worth paying more attention to the company's products. Adding drawings, photographs and natural samples is appropriate. If the product line is wide, it is worth giving a separate description for each category. Stick to the following structure:

Marketing & Sales

It is important that your products are really in demand and in demand in a specific sales market. Here you need to convince the investor that this is indeed the case. Buyers can be both wholesalers and end users.

If you consider an enterprise as a consumer, you need to describe the location and industry of work. In the case of the population, socio-demographic characteristics are indicated: age range, gender, position in society.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the price, external characteristics and the shelf life of the product itself. This section is structured as follows:

Production plan

Here variable and fixed costs, production volume, cost price, information on the organization's capabilities should be calculated.
Item structure:

• location of the company, transport links and communications;
• qualification level of workers, availability modern technologies in production;
• the need for additional space;
• staffing;
• labor safety, environmental friendliness;
• production volumes;
• salaries and other expenses for the staff of specialists;
• materials and raw materials;
• current, fixed and variable costs.

Workflow organization plan

To a large extent, the company's success depends on top management. This part should describe the order of work of managers and chief specialists, the structure of the organization, the time frame for the implementation of the project, the methods of personnel motivation.

Financial plan

Calculations of costs, cost, cost estimate are given. Sources of financial inflows are described, a table of incoming and outgoing cash flows is attached.

The following structure should be adhered to:

Project efficiency

Conclusions are made about the feasibility of the plan, its direction. The sensitivity of the company to the external environment is analyzed.

Enterprise risks and guarantees

Here it is important to assure the investor that he will receive a guaranteed profit from his investments and that all borrowed funds will return. If certain force majeure or risks are possible, they are worth mentioning.

Applications

In the event that some details of the content do not fit one of the previous sections, they are placed at the end of the document. You can also unload the main points from capacious graphs and tables.

Typically, applications include the following information:

• detailed information about the company ( registration number etc.);
• drawings, patent lists of goods, photographs;
• the results of marketing analysis;
• diagram and photo of the organization;
• graphic material depicting the organizational structure;
• graphs and tables with financial and economic calculations;
• legislative acts and regulatory documents used to confirm risks.

Having drawn up a business plan according to the UNIDO standard, you can calculate all the details to the smallest detail, find the most profitable development paths and attract potential investors.

How to write a business plan: Video

Of course, the structure and composition of a business plan for each specific project will have its own individual characteristics. But in order not to “reinvent the wheel” every time, various methods have been developed that, to a certain extent, standardize the content of business plans. One of the most professional programs is the UNIDO methodology. Exactly how to compose business plan on UNIDO and will be discussed in today's article.

What is a business plan for UNIDO (UNIDO)

First, let's explain what UNIDO is. The abbreviation UNIDO stands for United Nations Industrial Development Organization, which translated from English means the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Thus, the compilation methodology business plan on UNIDO Is a list of recommendations for drawing up a business plan for enterprises in the industrial sector.

Creation of compilation guides UNIDO business plans became a completely justified action. The reason for the creation of the methodology was that there were no clear instructions for evaluating investment projects. This problem was especially acute when it came to investment in developing countries.

Like anyone else, business plan on UNIDO requires professional qualifications and the ability to understand such areas of project planning as marketing research, market analysis and competitive advantages similar enterprises, research of the resource base (financial, personnel, temporary, etc.), identification of consumer preferences, investment and financial planning.

Before you start self-compilation business plan in accordance with UNIDO requirements, we advise you to use ready sample such a document developed by professionals. This recommendation is related to the fact that investors / investment funds who evaluate business plans by standards UNIDO- these are quite serious and reputable organizations with significant investment resources, but also requiring the appropriate fulfillment of all the requirements specified in the methodology. Therefore, in our opinion, it is better to “spend money” on the assistance of specialists in business planning and obtain financing than to lose investor confidence by violating UNIDO requirements.

What does a business plan according to the UNIDO methodology consist of?

Business plan by method UNIDO includes the following sections:

• Investment project cycle;
• Preliminary (pre-investment) studies;
• Marketing (market) research and sales planning;
• Analysis of the raw material base and suppliers;
• Characteristics of the geographical location of the enterprise, natural and climatic conditions and construction site;
• Description of the production and technological complex;
• Planning general production costs;
• Organizational and managerial section;
• Personnel planning;
• Schedule and timing of the project;
• Financial and investment analysis;
• Assessment of payback and financial viability of the project;
• Assessment of the return on investment and economic efficiency project;

It is clear that within the framework of one article it is simply impossible to teach how to compose business plan on UNIDO or even just expand the content of each section. And therefore, it is better to turn to professional developers of such business plans. In the following sections, we will try to outline only a part important points, which you will need to pay attention to when drawing up the document in question.

Brief description of the structure business plan unido

Business plan on UNIDO must necessarily begin with a presentation, the so-called life cycle a project that includes three main phases - pre-investment, investment and operational. But each stage, in turn, can be subdivided into several more stages.

For example, the pre-investment phase contains stages such as:

1. planning investment opportunities;
2. drawing up alternative options for the project;
3. analysis of production capabilities;
4. preparation of an investment decision.

The main peak of effort falls on the stage of project development and evaluation. Here you will have to very carefully write out each item of investment, as well as justify the need for the total amount of costs.

After the decision has been made to invest in the project, the main stage begins - the investment stage, which in turn is also subdivided into stages:

• negotiations and signing of contracts;
• technical development and design;
• construction and installation work;
• selection and training of employees;
• commissioning works.

The result of the investment phase is the formation of the company's assets and the initial launch of production. Starting with the commissioning of the main equipment and the formation of assets, the third stage of the investment project development begins - the operational phase.

The operational phase is directly related to the start of production of products or the provision of services. Also, the operational phase involves the receipt of first income, but also the need for costs. The duration of the operational phase affects the performance of the project: the further the project closure phase is attributed in time, the greater the total amount of income will be.

Any business plan has a resume. , you can find out from the corresponding section.

Basic UNIDO Standards for Business Plan Development

Requirements UNIDO for business plans, on the one hand, do not represent something supernatural and, in fact, are mandatory for most business plans. But, on the other hand, composing unido business plan associated with many subtleties and "pitfalls" that you might not notice if you are doing such business planning for the first time.

For example, while indicating the goals of the project, mention should be made of their contextual relationship with the economic situation, legal support, etc. marketing research it is necessary to provide the most complete list of information about sales prospects, the competitive environment, sales planning, the range of products sold, pricing strategy, the time period for product sales, etc.

Further, special attention should be paid to planning expenses. Pay special attention to the calculation material costs on the operating activities, on forecasting prices and factors affecting the terms of supply of raw materials (especially if the company actively interacts with foreign suppliers). Usually in unido business plans industrial enterprises most of the costs will depend on energy costs.

Another feature business plans on unido- a detailed description of the geological and climatic conditions of the place where the main production will be located. Also, when describing the region of doing business, it will be necessary to describe the social context, perhaps even provide statistical data, for example, on the sex and age structure of the population.

The main part of mistakes in self-planning occurs in the planning of the design and development section. And that's okay. Therefore, it is better to turn to a professional in the technical and investment field. For example, when presenting business plan on UNIDO it will be necessary to present more than one production technology, but also to justify the advantages of this option over alternatives. The following is a detailed description of the equipment and the terms of its delivery, delivery time. Indeed, based on these terms, a schedule for the implementation of the project and commissioning will be formed. In the same section, you need to correctly draw up all the design documentation.

Also, in our opinion, it is important to pay attention to organizational issues and possible overhead costs in connection with them. Typically, these costs are associated with all aspects of product sales (administration, sales and distribution). Also pay attention to the terms of the lease or the choice of the depreciation method in the case of the acquisition of premises or capital construction.

The success of any project largely depends on the kind of people involved in its implementation. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the selection and training of personnel. V unido business plan you can even give a short plan of the required categories of personnel, their competencies.

And, of course, the timing of the project should be prescribed as accurately as possible - you need to indicate the construction time, the timing of installation and commissioning. In the commercial component of a business plan, everything must be objective, the best option must be calculated, so that, as they say, you can answer for every figure.

The sphere can also be developed according to the UNIDO methodology. You can choose any of the projects in this industry and start setting up your new business.

Summarizing

At the end of the article, I would like to draw some conclusions. We think it became clear that the compilation business plan by method UNIDO Is not as easy as drawing up a regular business plan. But UNIDO standards are recognized worldwide, leading experts in the field of industrial investment worked on their compilation. Therefore, it is very useful to be guided by them. In order to compose the correct business plan according to requirements UNIDO we advise you to focus on ready-made versions of such documents. But you can also contact business planners to develop an individual document for your project.