Project templates ms project. Creation of a new project in MS Project. What will we add to MS Project for managing construction projects

Update:

The features described in this article are now an industry supplement to MS Project for construction organizations.

We adhere to the point of view that it is not necessary to implement MS Project Server for project management in general construction contractors. But along with this bold statement, an alternative must be presented. We consider the desktop MS Project, which runs the scheduler, to be a very useful tool for construction companies, and instead of the server, we suggest using a super-desktop based on Project containing industry-specific add-ons. Now the questions to be answered are: how to make Project more efficient for working in construction industry? How should you expand its capabilities?

A powerful desktop application for managing construction projects, Spider Project, has been on the market for a long time, and you need to take into account its main disadvantages when creating a competing solution. First of all, this is the complexity and inconvenience of the interface, the overload of the program with features that are rarely used in practice. The application is not intuitively understandable for novice managers. It is also worth noting the weak communication capabilities of Spider.

If you complete MS Project with Spider functions, it is not at all necessary to implement all the bells and whistles. Better to use the popular "20/80" rule of thumb, according to which 20% of the program's functions will give us 80% of the effect of using it. In addition, an attempt to implement all the best project management methodologies on the fly can lead to the failure of the entire implementation. Control over management processes is acquired gradually.

What will we add to MS Project for managing construction projects

Let's briefly describe the composition of our solution for general construction contractors based on MS Project.

Interaction with contractors

To exchange project information with contractors and subcontractors, we suggest using MS Excel files. They can be exported from the project and imported into the project both using the built-in export and import wizards in MS Project, and using our PlanBridge communication add-on.

You can send Excel exchanged documents by email, but it's even more convenient to use the cloud-based SkyDrive document storage, which you can share with contractors. It allows not only storing data exchange documents, but also linking other project-related documentation to them.

Resource calculations module

The most popular addition to the resource capabilities of Project builders is planning and accounting for physical volumes. It should be possible to appoint nat. volume per task as a regular resource, after which it is detailed according to certain standards, and due to this the scheduler receives calendar plan containing resources depending on physical. volumes. Physical standards volumes are stored in directories, from where they can be used many times.

This is partly a repetition of the functions of the estimated programs, but they have much more meager capabilities. scheduling... However, the capability is needed through the popular ARPS format. Since the Soviet Cost Rates material resources and work force(SNiP 5.01.01 - SNiP 5.01.17) have long lost their relevance, estimates are the main source of data for the initial formation of reference books of standards.

Job block templates

In addition to physical. volumes, when planning construction projects, it is convenient to reuse entire blocks of work, for example, such as stages of the technological process. Work block templates are MS Project files previously developed by the company and assembled into a library.

A project built from blocks refers to the library and links blocks from it to upper-level tasks. The system should have the ability to scale the duration of the block of work used in the project, while maintaining its labor costs, costs, and physical. volumes. Due to this, compliance with the target date is achieved, and thus top-down planning is realized.

Construction projects are very diverse, and therefore there is no guarantee that the described MS Project add-ons will be used in all construction companies... First of all, they should be implemented in industries where regulation is widespread, and projects are often typical and the volume of work on them is large. For example, this road construction and construction of infrastructure facilities. But even if the organization found a use for only one of the components of our solution, it will benefit its projects.

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• Introduction
• 1. Organization of the project
• 1.3 Creating a work schedule
• Conclusion

Introduction

The rapid development of computer technology, the creation of a friendly for an unskilled user software led to the widespread use of information technology in all areas human activity, served as an impetus for the development of a society based on the use of various information.

Per short term information systems have evolved from computing systems used in scientific research and automated control systems large enterprises to complex automated information systems, which allow realizing the whole range of not only processing, accumulation of information, but also the management of companies and organizations at all levels.

Creation of personal computers, adapted graphical interface expanded the market of information products and services to the level of "home consumption". Information systems have turned from a technological component of business and management into a factor of production, a factor of competition. However, along with the obvious advantages of using information systems, the problem of information systems management arose.

The practice of creating and operating information systems revealed problems and contradictions that could only be resolved by introducing a comprehensive specialized information management... The cost of designing and implementing information systems usually significantly exceeded the planned amount. The quality of development turned out to be unsatisfactory: contradictions between hardware and software during operation, an increase in the cost of maintaining systems in operation, etc.

Today, the activity of any company and organization is highly dependent on the unit that provides the information environment of the company, and this dependence increases over time. As a result, the maintenance of information systems ceases to be only a technical task and increasingly becomes an integral part of the business, integrated into the business processes of the company.

The level of development of the organization's information system, the importance of information technology for the organization's activities makes the IT departments of companies an integral part of the business. The complexity of tasks in the management of information systems and personnel leads to the need to develop strategies in the field of information technology for specialized management - information management.

The use of computer hardware, application software, network technologies is a matter of prestige and "advancement" of management for a company. Nobody demands any kind of return from the information system, let alone economic efficiency.

Information technologies, information systems are used at the level of operational management of an enterprise, organization - accumulation, storage, classification, primary processing of information. Information systems are used to solve business problems of an enterprise or organization.

An important factor in the training of highly qualified specialists in the field of economic information systems is comprehensive training, taking into account a wide range of areas of knowledge, specialized disciplines.

A feature of the discipline "Information Management" is that this branch of knowledge originated relatively recently and is developing. In essence, information management does not yet have an established terminology, or methods and solutions that have become classical. As a result, specialists often use not only different concepts and terms, but also interpret the tasks of information management in different ways and the methodology for their solution. Research materials, practical advice, analysis of the development and implementation of IS, are the result of a discussion of specialists in the field of information technology and IT management.

1. Organization of the project

1.1 Creating a project in Microsoft Project

By default, Microsoft Project 2016 automatically opens the New command at startup, where you can choose how to create a new project. A project in Microsoft Project 2016 is a file of type mpp. To create a new project in Microsoft Project 2016 forcibly, you need to open the New command using the "File" button.

Figure 1 - Creating a new project

Now you can choose how to create a new project:

* select "New project" and press the command "Create": the project will be created on the basis of the Global template. mpt;

* create a new project from an existing document - a project, Excel workbook, or a SharePoint task list;

* create from a template. You can choose a template from those available on your computer or at Office.com (if you have an internet connection).

After creating a project file, it is recommended to save it immediately. To do this, press the "File" button, select the "Save" command, select a location to save the file and give the project file a "Name" (by default, the project file is named "Project1. Mpp").

Figure 2 - Saving the project file

Microsoft Project 2016 supports export to PDF and XPS format.

Portable Document Format (PDF) is an electronic format with permanent markup that preserves document formatting and allows file sharing. The PDF format ensures that when the file is viewed online and when it is printed, the original format is preserved and the file data cannot be easily changed. The PDF format is also useful when printing documents in a typography.

XML Paper Specification (XPS). XPS is electronic format file, which preserves the formatting of the documents and makes it possible to work with the file together. The XPS format ensures that when the file is viewed online and when it is printed, the original format is preserved and the file data cannot be easily changed.

1.2 Creating a project calendar in Microsoft Project

Microsoft Project uses calendars to describe business and non-business hours.

Microsoft Project uses three types of calendars:

1.the project calendar defines work time the default for the entire project (for all resources and project tasks);

2. resource calendars are used for individual resources or for groups of resources that have an individual work schedule;

3. Calendars of tasks are used for tasks that can be performed on time different from the standard calendar of the project, for example, part of the work of the project can be performed only in the first half of the working day.

The project calendar defines the work schedule for all resources and tasks that do not use a custom calendar. Changes made to the project calendar are automatically reflected in the resource calendars generated from the same project calendar.

Base calendars are used as project and task calendars, and as the basis for resource calendars. Microsoft Project has three basic calendars:

1. Standard: business hours from Monday to Friday (9:00 am to 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm). This calendar is used by default when creating a new project;

2. 24 hours: no non-working hours;

3. Night shift: night shift from Monday night to Saturday morning (from 23:00 to 8:00 with an hour break).

Microsoft Project supports the creation of its base calendars if the existing calendars do not meet the project's requirements.

Figure 3 - Creating a calendar

You can assign the created calendar to a project through the Project Information dialog box.

Figure 4 - Purpose of the created base calendar

1.3 Creating a work schedule

Project "Development software tool"is drawn up to achieve a certain result within a certain time frame and for a certain amount of money. The project plan is drawn up in order to determine with the help of which work the result of the project will be achieved, what people and equipment are needed to carry out these works and at what time these people and equipment will be are busy working on the project, so the project plan contains three main elements: tasks, resources and assignments.

Drawing up a project plan in general view is to describe the tasks of the project, the available resources and determine the interdependencies between them using assignments.

Work order:

1) Editing the initial parameters of the project.

To edit the initial parameters of the project, you need to go to the "Project" tab and click the "Project Information" button, and in the window that opens, define the start date of work (Tue 05.04.16).

Figure 5 - Start date of work

2) Create a list of project tasks and their duration

Determination of software development goals - 2 days.

Development planning - 4 days

Theme code assignment - 3d.

Choice of software development principles - 24 days.

Clarification of the basic requirements for software - 20 days.

Formation of the draft TK - 7 days.

Coordination of the draft TOR with the software customer - 5 days.

Formation of a structural model - 7 days.

Object-oriented model formation - 30 days

Determination of the principles of building the screen interface - 35 days.

Development of basic modules - 50 days.

Database development - 48 days

Integration of all modules - 35 days

Debugging - 5 days

Beta release - 2 days.

Collection of information about test results - 5 days.

Modification of modules and databases - 7 days.

Final version release - 5 days.

Formation of the documentation required for certification - 5 days.

Internal audit of the software development process - 2 days.

Conclusion of a certification agreement - 2 days.

Software certification - 2 days.

3) Create a resource list

- 1 person

Programmer - 5 people

Economist - 1 person

Software auditor - 1 person

4) Create assignments (links)

The dependence of tasks and resources is given in the table.

Table 1 - Dependence of tasks

Using the types of links (assignments), create a Gantt chart in accordance with Table 1.

Figure 6 - Gantt chart

1.2 Formation of the structure of the work schedule

When developing large projects consisting of a large number of works, Microsoft Project allows you to combine related works into groups. The creation of a hierarchical structure of the project allows you to decompose the work of the project into smaller, visible and manageable parts, to more accurately determine the composition and characteristics of the work to be performed.

One of the main principles of building a hierarchical project structure is the principle of completeness. All work and results of the project, including intermediate and managerial ones, must be present in the hierarchical structure of the project.

The opposite is also true - work outside the project (that is, necessary for the successful execution of another project / process) should not be included.

Let's group the work by stages and enter the names of these stages.

* To create a group (stage), right-click on the first line of the table and select "Insert task" from the context menu;

* We call it "Organization of work";

* Let's select the works: "Defining the goals of software development", "Development planning", "Assigning the theme code" and "Selecting the principles of software development" and group them by clicking on the "Decrease the level of the problem" button.

In a similar way, you need to group all subsequent tasks to create the following stages: "Development of technical specifications", "Software development", "Debugging and testing", "Certification".

The final stage will be the creation of the "Software Development" group, which will group all the stages created above.

Figure 7 - Hierarchical structure of the project

Also, this task can be solved by a top-down method.

Top-down project planning first identifies milestones, which are then broken down into individual tasks.

2. Assignments of project resources

An assignment refers to the relationship between a task and the resource required to complete that task. An arbitrary number of resources, both workers and material, can be assigned to one task (in other words, several assignments can be associated with one task).

To assign resources directly when describing a task, you must:

* To open the "Task Details" window, to do this, double-click on the task name or select the task and press the "Details" button on the "Task" tab;

* In the "Task details" window that opens, go to the "Resources" tab;

* In the input window, enter the name of the resource, if this name matches the name of an existing resource, it will be automatically assigned to the task, if the name does not match, a new resource of the "Labor" type will be created. To avoid duplication, select an empty line, and click on the down arrow on the right side of the line, then select the resource name from the drop-down list;

* The "Owner" field displays the name of the user of the owner of the resource, to whom the approval of the use of this resource will be sent. For all local and generic resources, this field is blank;

* In the "Units" field, enter the amount of the required resource. If the resource is labor, it is necessary to indicate the percentage of the resource's time that it will spend on the implementation of this task. If a material resource enter its quantity in the dimension specified in the "Resource Sheet" view. If the cost resource does not enter anything;

* In the "Costs" field, the cost of using this resource will be displayed. For labor and material resources, this value will be calculated automatically when you click the "OK" button. For costly resources, you must indicate the amount that you plan to spend on the implementation of this task with this resource.

Figure 8 - Assigning resources when describing a task

Assigning a resource to a task:

* Go to the Gantt Chart view and go to the Resources page;

* Select the task for which you want to create a resource assignment;

* Click on the "Assign Resources" button. The corresponding dialog box will appear;

* In the "Resource name" field, select the resource that you want to assign to the task. If you need to create a new resource, go to an empty cell in the dialog box table and enter the resource name. Double-clicking on the resource name will bring up the "Resource Information" window, with which you can enter information about the resource;

* In the Units field, indicate the number of resource units to be allocated in this assignment. For a work resource, the value is indicated as a percentage (the amount of work time).

The result is shown in Figure 8.

3. Tracking the progress of the project

For adoption management decisions you need up-to-date and reliable information about the progress of the project.

When managing a project, you need to keep track of the elements of the project triangle: time, budget, and scope. Adjusting one element affects the other two. Events such as unexpected delays, cost overruns, and resource replacements can lead to scheduling issues.

If the project data is constantly updated, it is always possible to view the latest state of the project. You can track actual task progress, actual resource work, compare actual costs to planned budget, and balance resource utilization. All this will allow you to identify potential problems in time in order to find and apply the right solution.

After you create a project and start work, you can track the actual start and finish dates, percentage of tasks completed, or actual work. The actual data shows the impact of the changes on other tasks and, ultimately, on the project finish date.

Determine one or two progress indicators to use in your project. For example, resources can quickly report on the percentage of work completed by task, giving you an overview of the progress of tasks. Or, conversely, resources can report the hours worked on each task by week. It will take more time, but will give a detailed picture of the progress of the work. The choice of indicators depends on your preferences and priorities.

To track the progress of work, you need to create a mark on the passage of the stage "Defining the goals of software development". To do this, on the Gantt chart, move the mouse pointer to the left side of the graph (the pointer will change its appearance to a percent sign with an arrow to the right). Then you need to press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, drag the mouse pointer to the right.

Figure 9 - Mark of the passage of the stage "Determining the goals of software development"

There is a different way to mark the completion of the Development Planning stage. To do this, select the "Development planning" stage and double-click on it with the left mouse button. In the "Task Details" dialog box that appears, on the "General" tab, you need to set 100% in the "Percentage Completion" field and click the "OK" button.

Figure 10 - Mark of the passage of the "Development Planning" stage

A milestone completion mark will appear on the left of the Gantt chart table, and a dark blue bar will appear on the chart itself, which shows the percentage of completion of the work milestone. If the work is 100% complete, then the strip will be from the beginning to the end of the block of works.

Figure 11 - An example of work performed by 70%

Figure 11 shows an example of incomplete work execution, which shows that on the Gantt chart the dark blue bar is not up to the end of the work block (lower right corner). Everything that was done before would have been useless if there was no way to generate reports in Microsoft Project. "Project Overview" - a report showing the percentage of completion of the project. To generate it, go to the "Report" tab, click on the "Dashboards" button and select "Project overview".

Figure 12 - Project overview

"Cost Overview" - a more complete report showing both the percentage of completion of work, and money spendings(both already spent and remaining costs).

Figure 13 - Overview of costs

"Critical Tasks" is a report that allows the user to see the remaining critical tasks. Critical tasks are tasks on which the entire project depends.

Figure 14 - Critical tasks

Conclusion

Microsoft Project is the most popular project management tool provided by Microsoft. The app is designed to help project managers develop plans, assign resources to complete tasks, manage budgets, and analyze workload.

Microsoft Project can help you create a critical path-based plan. Graphs can also be applied to evenly distribute resource requests. The critical path is presented in the form of a Gantt chart.

Resource definitions (people, equipment, and materials) can be shared across projects using a common pool of resources. Each resource can have its own calendar, which determines the days and shifts that are available to it. Resource metrics are used to calculate the cost of completing tasks, which are calculated and added to the total resource level.

Each resource can be assigned multiple tasks in multiple plans, and each job can be assigned multiple resources. Microsoft Project schedules work based on resource availability as defined in its respective calendars. All resources can be defined in a common corporate resource base.

Microsoft Project creates budgets based on resource metrics and assignments. Because resources are assigned to tasks and that work is evaluated, Microsoft Project calculates the costs that are equal to the work multiplied by the metrics. This is all calculated into the overall level of the assignment, then to the total costs of the assignments, and finally to the total estimates of the project.

project program management decision

List of sources used

Posted on Allbest.ru

1. Belyaeva S.A. The role of planning in the process of managing innovative projects // Production organizer. - 2010

2. Betanova I. The role of HR in project management // Handbook of personnel management. - 2011.

3. Betanova I. The role of HR in project management // Handbook of personnel management. - 2011.

4. Ganchin V.V. Role project management in the innovative development of the electric power industry in Russian Federation// Economics and Management: Ros. scientific. zhurn. - 2011.

5. Goncharenko S. Project Management // Quality Management. - 2011.

6. Emelyanov Y. Management of innovative projects in the company // Problems of management theory and practice. - 2011.

7. Ivasenko A.G. Project management: tutorial for students. - Rostov n / a .: Phoenix, 2009.

8. PMSOFT conferences on project management // Problems of management theory and practice. - 2011.

9. Kuznetsov A.A. Process project management at the enterprise // Management today. - 2011.

10. Kuperstein V. Microsoft Project 2010 in project management. - SPb: BHV-Petersburg, 2011.

11. Lapygin Yu.N. Assessment of the effectiveness of project management // Economic analysis: theory and practice. - 2011.

12. Mazur I.I. Investment and construction project management: an international approach. - M .: Omega-L, 2011.

13. Matveeva L.G. Project management: textbook. - Rostov n / a .: Phoenix, 2009.

14. Mylnikov L.A. Microeconomic problems of management of innovative projects // Problems of management. - 2011.

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C creation of a new project in MS Project

For example, consider a project to design and develop a business card site for a store using cms.

The first steps in creating a project schedule are: starting a new project plan, determining the start or end date of the project, and entering general information about the project.

1. Start MS Project.
2. Click the Create button on the toolbar Standard or run the command File / New.
3. On the Project menu select teamProject details... Enter or select the start date of the project - October 17, 2008 And press the button OK.

When starting a new project in Microsoft Project, you can enter either a start or end date for the project, but not both. It is recommended to enter only start date project, and the end date will be calculated in Microsoft Project after entering and scheduling tasks. If the project is to be completed by a specific date, only the end date of the project must be entered. Initial planning should be done from the end date to determine when the project needs to start.

1. Click the Save button.
2. In the File name field enter project nameWebsite development 1and then click Save .

Entering Key Project Information

Each project contains a unique set of components: the goal of the project, specific tasks, as well as the persons performing them. To remember all the important information and their relationship, you should enter the data about the project and refer to them when necessary.

1. On the File menu select team Properties and open the tab Document.
2. Enter any information about the project, such as who will manage and maintain the project file, describe the purpose of the project, known limitations, and other general comments about the project.
3. Click the OK button.

Setting up the project calendar

Project calendarcan be modified to reflect the working days and hours for each project participant.Standard calendar: working days from Monday to Friday, from 9:00 to 18:00, with an hour lunch break. You can also define non-working hours yourself, such as weekends or nights, and special weekends such as holidays.

1. On the View menu select team Gantt chart.

This view is used to display the default settings for a new project. The project view window has an additional vertical title bar on which the view name is displayed.

1. On the Service menu select teamChange working hours.
2. Select a date in the calendar, for example January 1, 2008.
3. Select an option non-working hours for weekends from 1 to 9 January, 23 February and 8 March.
4. Select an optionnon-standard working hoursto change the opening hours on Friday, in the field WITH specify 9:00 to 13:00 and end time in the field From 14:00 to 17:00.
5. Click the OK button.

Entering and organizing a list of tasks

Upon completion of this lesson, a list of tasks will be created, organized by summary and detailed tasks.

Entering tasks and their duration

A typical project is a collection of related tasks ... The task is determined by the volume of work and specific results ; it should be short enough to track progress regularly. The duration of the tasks should usually range from one day to two weeks.

1. In the project window (represented as Gantt charts c) in the Task name field enter the name of the first task (see Fig. 1). In the column Duration Microsoft Project enters with a question mark the approximate duration of the task, which is one day.

You can add notes for each task. In field Task name select a task and click the button Task notes ... Enter information in the fieldNotes and press OK button.

1. In the Duration field enter the time required to complete the task (see Figure 1). The execution time is entered: in months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes, excluding non-working days. The following abbreviations can be used.

months = month of the week = n days = d hours = h minutes = min

Note. To set an approximate duration, enter a question mark after it.

1. Press the ENTER key.
2. On the next lines, enter the additional tasks required to complete the project. How to organize and modify them will be discussed later.

Note. You should not enter dates in the Start and Finish fields for each task. Microsoft Project calculates start and end dates based on the relationships between tasks, which you will learn about in the next lesson.

Pre-design survey

Defining the project day

Planning

Schedule of work days

Budget planning dd

Day risk planning

Design

Determination of the subject matter and organization of the content of the day

Content analysis dn

Structuring the content of the day

Creating a content delivery plan dn

Design design dn

SCRIPT design

Hosting platform design dn

Content design dn

Design completed 0 days

Analysis and day management

Implementation

Development of templates (design) dn

Development of graphic content (buttons, logos) dn

CMS) d

Filling the resource (content) days

Hosting dn

Documenting (instructions) days

Analysis of templates from the point of view of usability, customer and management solution (decision on risks) dd

Testing

Internal testing

Usability test dn

Dn functional test

Content test (in terms of grammar and logic) dn

External testing dn

Finalization of the day

Implementation

Transfer of the site to the customer

Conducting a master class on the use of day

Promotion

Search engine optimization dn

Registration in search engines dn

Filling each element with day information

Implementation completed 0 days

Parsing and archiving documentation dn

Conclusion of an agreement for the maintenance of the day

Disclaimer of claims d

Rice. 1. Project plan

Milestone creation

Milestone —It is a task used to indicate significant events in the schedule, such as the completion of a milestone. When you enter a duration of zero for a task in Microsoft Project, a milestone symbol appears on the Gantt chart at the start of the corresponding day.

1. In the Duration field click the duration of the task you want to be a milestone, and then enter a value 0d ... Press the key ENTER.

Note. A task with zero duration is automatically marked as a milestone, but any task can be a milestone. To mark a task as a milestone, select the task in the box Task name. Click the button Task detailson the standard toolbar (or run the commandProject / Task Details). Select a tab Additionally and then check the boxMark a task as a milestone.

Organizing tasks into a logical structure

Structuringhelps organize tasks into more manageable components. By creating a hierarchy, you can combine related tasks into a more general task. Shared tasks are called summary tasks (or phases); tasks grouped under a summary task are called subtasks ... The start and end date of a summary task is determined by the start and end dates of its first and last subtask. In our example, the summary (phases) are tasks -Pre-project inspection, Design, Implementation, Testing, Implementation.

To organize the structure, use the structure buttons.

1. In the Task name field highlight the tasks that you want to make subtasks.
2. Click the Indent button to indented tasks.
3. Do the same with the rest of the subtasks.

Changing the task list

If you have created a task list, you may need to relocate the tasks, copy a set of tasks, or delete tasks that are no longer needed.

1. In the field "Identifier »(The leftmost margin) select the task you want to copy, move, or delete. To select a line, click an identification number tasks. To select multiple adjacent lines while holding down the key SHIFT , click the first and last line numbers in the range you want. To scatter multiple lines, press CTRL and while holding it down, click in turn the identification numbers of the tasks.
2. Copy, move or delete the task. To copy the task, click the button Copy ... To move the task, click To cut ... To delete the task, press the key DEL.
3. To move the cut block or paste the copied block, select the lines where you want to paste it. Make sure the required lines are selected. Click the button Insert ... If the lines being pasted contain information, new lines will be inserted above those lines.
4. Save the project file periodically.

Advice. To add a new task between the existing ones, select the task ID and press the key INS ... After insertion new task all tasks are renumbered automatically.

Creating relationships between tasks

One of the most reliable ways to plan tasks is to establish relationships between them, i.e.task dependencies... Task dependencies reflect the conditionality of subsequent tasks, or followers , earlier tasks, orpredecessors... For example, if the Paint Wall task is to be completed before the Hang the Clock task, you can link the two tasks so that the Paint Wall task is the predecessor and the Hang the Clock task is a successor.

Types of task links

There are four types of links between tasks in MS Project. A Finish-to-start relationship, or FS (OH) for short, is the most common type of dependency between tasks in which task B cannot start until task A has completed:

A Start-to-start relationship, or SS for short, denotes a dependency where task B cannot start until task A. For example, Technical editing cannot start before Editing materials, but in order to start Technical Editing, it is not necessary to wait until the end of Editing materials. This link usually brings together tasks that need to be done almost simultaneously.

A Finish-to-Finish relationship, or FF (00) for short, denotes a dependency in which task B cannot finish until task A. at the same time, but at the same time one cannot end until the other is completed. For example, the acceptance and acceptance of the program proceeds simultaneously with the correction of errors (found in the process of acceptance and acceptance), and until the correction of errors is completed, the acceptance can not be completed either.

A Start-to-Finish relationship, or SF (BUT) for short, denotes a dependency in which task B cannot finish until task A. is a task with a fixed start date that cannot be changed. In this case, the start date of the subsequent task does not change when the duration of the previous task increases.

After the tasks are linked, changing the predecessor dates affects the changing of the followers' dates. Microsoft Project creates a Finish-Start task dependency by default. However, since the Finish-Beginning relationship is not suitable for every case, for real project modeling task linkage can be changed to Start-Start, Finish-End, or Start-End.

Using delays and advances

Often in life, task dependencies are a little more complex than Finish-to-start. For example, a day must pass between the task “Painting the walls” and “Hanging pictures” for the paint to dry. In order to describe such a relationship between tasks, MS Project uses the Lag parameter. For example, in the case of painting walls, the delay between tasks should be 1 day.

Lag is a link property and can be specified in the link property definition dialog box (for example, 1 day) or as a percentage of the duration of the antecedent. For example, if the antecedent is 4 days long, then a 25% lag would be 1 day.

Sometimes, to start the next task, you don't need to wait until the previous one is complete. For example, you can start gluing wallpaper when plaster has been laid on at least some of the walls in the house. In this case, Lead should be used. The lead is entered in the same way as the lag, but with a negative sign, for example, a lead of 1 day is indicated as -Id (-1d), and a lead of 50% (that is, the next task starts when the previous one is halfway completed) - as -50% ...

Ways to create links

With the mouse

A link is created by dragging the mouse from one Gantt bar to another, with the default link type being FS. The preceding task is the one with which the dragging began, and the next task is the one where the dragging ended (the next task is indicated by the arrow at the end of the link). To remove a link or change its type, double-click on the diagram and perform the appropriate operations in the dialog box that opens.

Using the menu

To link two or more tasks to each other, select them in the box Task name , and in the same order in which they should be connected. To select multiple tasks in a row, press the key SHIFT and while holding it, click the first and last tasks. To select multiple tasks randomly, press CTRL and while holding it, click the desired tasks one by one.

Click the Link Tasks button ( or run the commandEdit / Link Tasks).

To change the task link, double-click the link between the tasks that you want to change. The Task Dependency dialog box appears. If the Line Styles dialog box appears, you clicked on a link line; you must close this dialog and double-click the task link again.

In combo box A type select the required type of connection between tasks and click OK.

To break the link between tasks, select the tasks in the Task name field and click theBreak task links... All links are removed, and all tasks are rescheduled based on restrictions such as "As early as possible" or "Actual finish".

Editing links in a table

The Predecessors column, which is included in the Entry table by default, is used to quickly identify the predecessor of the issue when entering tasks.

In cases where the relationship differs from the standard one, you must specify the number of the antecedent and the abbreviation corresponding to the type of relationship in the field. If a link has a lag or a lead, then it must be indicated next to the link type using the + or - signs. If lag or lead is used with a standard FS (OH) link, then its abbreviation must also be specified. And if the task has several predecessors, then the links with them must be specified separated by semicolons.

Editing form links

If you use various types of links in your project, it will be more convenient to use special dialog boxes to work with them. The most convenient is the Task Form dialog box. This form is displayed if, while in the Gantt chart, select the Window / Split menu command.

Establish links between tasks in the project (see Table 1).

Table 1

Project start date

Let our project begin on Monday 20.10.2008.

1. Open the project definition dialog with the menu command Project / Project Information (Project / Project Information) and change the value of the Start date ( Start date) on 10/20/2008 ... After that, the project plan will be automatically rebuilt.
2. Website development 1.

Limitations and deadlines

Binding a task to a specific date in MS Project is carried out using the Constraint element ( Limitation ). Using constraints, you can, for example, specify that a task should start on a specific day or finish no later than a specific date.

By defining the durations of tasks and the relationships between them, you give the program the flexibility to recalculate the project plan if the schedule changes. The introduction of restrictions reduces this flexibility, and MS Project distinguishes several types of restrictions (Table 2), depending on how much they affect the flexibility of calculations.

In projects scheduled from the start date, by default, all tasks have the As Soon As Possible (As soon as possible), and in projects planned from the end date - As Late As Possible ( As late as possible).

table 2

You can change the default constraints by entering the start or end date of the task in the Start and Finish columns in the Entry table or any other table that contains these columns. After entering the date, MS Project will set the limit in accordance with the table. 2.

Deadline (Deadline ) —Date indicating the deadline for the task. The difference between using the deadline and the constraints is that the presence of this date does not affect the calculation of the project schedule. If a deadline is specified for a task, the corresponding mark is displayed on the Gantt chart, and if the task is not completed within this deadline, a special icon appears in the Indicators column.

Constraints must be in plan before you move from planning the scope of work to planning the resources involved in a project. This is due to the fact that the deadline for work usually depends on the number of assigned performers, and the presence of deadlines will indicate when more employees need to be allocated to the task in order to meet the deadlines, and when less if the deadlines are not tight.

The main restrictions on the timing of the implementation of the main phases can be introduced after the preparation of the skeletal plan of the project. After all the work has been added to the plan, you need to limit the most important of them, and only then proceed to the definition of connections and durations. Usually, already at this stage, you can find out if the work is on time and adjust the duration of some tasks.

Example of using constraints and deadlines

Since in our example we did not define the limits and deadlines at the stage of drawing up the skeletal work plan, we will begin to define the deadlines and limits in the current work plan. In projectDesign and development of a business card site for a store using cmswe will use both types of MS Project constraints: and actually restrictions, and deadlines so that you can compare their usability.

Let's assume that the site is being developed for an average of 4 months. This means that, starting the development of the site at the end of October, we must complete it in mid-February, for example, no later than the 20th. Since this date is usually indicated in the contract with the customer to whom the site is transferred, this limitation is very strict. Accordingly, for the final Waiver of Claims task, you must set a Finish No Later Than limit on the date 20.02.09.

1. For what it is necessary to open a dialog box by double-clicking on the taskTask detailsand go to the tab Additionally.
2. In the Advanced tab in the dropdown Constraint type ( Restriction type) select Finish no later than.
3. In the field Constraint date ( Restriction date) specify the date that the end of the task is limited to- 20.02.09.

Sometimes, to cancel a restriction, you need to delete the entered date in the Constraint date field. But MS Project does not allow you to leave this field empty, and therefore to remove the date from the field, you need to replace it with the text NA (ND).

1. Click the OK button.

When a constraint is set, MS Project checks if the task has links, and if there are, analyzes whether the constraint being set can lead to conflicts. If, in the opinion of the program, this is possible, then a hint is displayed with which you can cancel the setting of the restriction (the first switch), continue using another (optimal, from the point of view of MS Project) restriction (the second switch), or continue using the selected restriction (third switch).

In our case, the task for which the Finish No Later Than (Finish no later than), there is a predecessor, and if it ends later than the date of the restriction, then it will cause a conflict. MS Project considers it optimal in our situation to use the Finish No Earlier Than (Finish not earlier than), but it doesn't suit us at all.

Note. You can get information about the type of created constraint by hovering the mouse over the corresponding icon in the Indicators ( Indicators).

1. Then, suppose that under a contract with a freelance templating service provider,Template development(this task has no predecessors) should start 20.11.08 and take place within 5 days. Accordingly, we fix this date with the Must Start On (Fixed start) and duration in 5 days.
2. We will include in the plan an important task number 18Design completed... According to the contract, the design must be completed 5 days before the stage Implementation, that is, until 20.11.08.
3. Set a deadline for the taskHosting on 26.12.08.
4. It is possible to place a site on hosting only when at least half of the development of templates, graphic design, CMS has been completed and the content of the resource is filled. Therefore, we will link the taskHostingdependence FS (ОН) with the taskResource filling (content)and set the lag (Lag) -50%.
5. Hostingis, in fact, final, because after its completion, one of the results of the project is achieved, which is transmitted by the project team "outside". In this case, the duration of the finishing tasks is not zero. To mark a task with a non-zero duration as complete, you need to use the Advanced tab ( Additionally ) in the task details dialog box. On the tab, you need to check the Mark task as milestone (Mark task as milestone).

Recurring tasks

Often in a project, some tasks take place on a regular basis, for example, preparing reports for a project customer or meeting a project team. Repetitive tasks are designed to describe these tasks in the project plan. You can add them to the project using the menu command Insert / Recurring task (Insert / Duplicate task) that opens the Recurring Task Details dialog box.

In our project we will create a recurring taskProject team meeting, which will be implemented on Fridays.

1. Let's execute the commandInsert / Duplicate task.
2. In the opening recurring task details dialog box indicate the name - Project team meeting and duration –2 hours.
3. Determine the repetition interval of the task–Weekly, on Fridays.

In the Calendar for scheduling this task (Calendar for scheduling this task) determines on the basis of which calendar the task will be added to the schedule. By default, when None is selected in the Calendar drop-down list, the task is placed based on the project calendar and calendar settings of the resources involved. If you want to use a special calendar for the task schedule, you can select it from the drop-down list. In this case, the Scheduling ignores resource calendars checkbox becomes available(We'll cover the action of this flag in detail in the section"Task Calendar" later).

1. After all the settings are made, you need to press the button OK and the program will create a repeating task in the project.

This can cause unexpected problems if, for example, the task is repeated on a weekend. MS Project will detect this and display a message with possible options Resolution: Reschedule a recurring task to the next business day by clicking Yes, do not create recurrences on non-business days by clicking No, or cancel creating a recurring task by clicking Cancel.

Once a recurring task is placed in a project, the task itself looks like a phase in the plan, and its repeats appear as its nested tasks. In this case, the task and repetitions are marked with special icons in the Indicators field.

Overall project task

When the scope of work is determined, our plan consists of four phases that combine all the tasks of the project. The duration is known for each of them, but we do not have general information about the duration of the entire project. It cannot be obtained by adding the durations of the phases, since they are partially executed simultaneously, which means that the total duration of the project does not equal the duration of its phases. To collect the phases into a coherent whole, you can create another phaseDesign and development of a business card site for a store based on cmsand include in it all the already existing phases. But more correctdisplay the Summary Project Task(Project summary task) is a special task specially designed to combine all project activities. It is displayed on the Gantt chart in a special color, and MS Project works with it in a special way.

1. To display the summary task of the project, in the menu Options on the View tab ) you need to check the Show project summary task (Show project summary task). The summary task will be displayed with the name taken from the Title field in the file properties, which can be edited in the dialog box opened by the File / Properties menu command ( File / Properties).

If the Comments ( Notes ), then its value will become a comment to the summary task. When you change the name of a summary task or a comment (Notes) to it, the values ​​of the corresponding field in the file properties will automatically change.

1. Save the project file asWebsite development 2.

A Gantt chart is a line chart that sets the start and finish dates for related work, along with the resources used to complete them.