Acquaintance with the professions associated with the manufacture of clothing. lesson outline (grade 5) on the topic. Criteria for choosing work clothes, in which areas it is used most often Who works with fabric profession

Although the light industry is not among the leaders in production in our country, specialists with industry education are always in demand in it. In addition, the production of clothing and footwear is a creative activity, so the work will undoubtedly bring pleasure. Production technologist Portrait. The profession of a technologist requires strict adherence to production standards, the ability to control the quality of materials and products and monitor the process. This means that a person must be clear, demanding, attentive, and be able to make decisions (for example, about rejecting a batch of raw materials). It is important to keep your finger on the pulse of the market in order to know what new materials are emerging in your industry, and to understand what products will be in high demand among consumers. Education. If you decide to link your career with light industry, then it is better to enter an industry university. There you will be offered many specialties related to different types of production: "Technology of leather and fur", "Technology of textiles", etc. Before choosing a specialty, find out what types of production are in your city so that after the institute you will not be left without work. It is worth paying attention to the specialization "computer-aided design of clothing technology" - it will make it possible to master special computer programs. What you need to know and be able to do. Employers, of course, want to see people familiar with the specifics of production. Knowledge of the technology of tailoring and cutting of products, the ability to make patterns for complex products is always required. You need to understand the materials that are used in production. Production is always associated with regulatory documentation, which also needs to be able to maintain. In some companies, the technologist combines the functions of an estimator - he calculates the consumption of raw materials for products. Scene. Many companies prefer to open production outside Moscow (for example, the factory of the Wild Orchid company is located 3 km from the Moscow Ring Road) in order to reduce overhead costs, so be prepared to spend time on the road every day. Corporate transport from the nearest metro is provided. In the "Wild Orchid" for the position of a technologist, they are ready to take a graduate or student of the last courses in a specialized specialty. He will develop technological documentation for the collection of models, launch models into production and control the quality of products. They promise to pay up to 35 thousand rubles. They are looking for an experienced technologist for a salary of 15-30 thousand rubles for a company that sews military clothes, they will have to go to work in the Naro-Fominsk region. But there are not many vacancies in this area, due to the weakness light industry in our country. Career is also unlikely to move you far: the position of the chief technologist is already the ceiling. About 45 thousand rubles are paid for this position. Economist Portrait. The prestige of economic education and the high cost of specialists do not fit into the framework of the lame light industry. Therefore, there are almost no ambitious people in this environment. But you can use the industry to launch a career. You will need analytical skills, interest in production processes. Routine work with documentation should not cause boredom, otherwise the work will bring a lot of negative emotions. Education. The specialty "Economics and Management at a Light Industry Enterprise" will make you a specialist who combines engineering and technological knowledge with the ability to solve the economic problems of the industry and the enterprise. You will get an idea of ​​how to run a hosiery factory, how to plan production costs, how to calculate a wage system, and so on. Despite the binding of the specialty to a specific industry, it will not limit you in your career: if you want to switch to another type of production, this can be done without loss. What you need to know and be able to do. Depending on the situation in the enterprise, any skill may be required from you. “We had a high turnover of staff, and they hired me to optimize the remuneration system: it was necessary to transfer to piecework payment some of the employees - mainly from sewing shops, ration work time and production volumes, calculate the bonus system, ”says Svetlana Ikcheeva, who worked as an economist for three years at a workwear sewing factory. You need to be able to reduce the expenditure side of the production budget, and for this, the economist must thoroughly understand it and understand at what expense items this can be done: for example, buy cheaper fabrics or increase vacation prices finished products... More often, an economist will have to solve local problems: for example, a designer-constructor created a sketch or a sample of a coat, and an economist must calculate how many materials are needed for sewing a collection and at what price they need to be purchased, what is production cost these coats, etc. Location. There are very few vacancies for economists at light industry enterprises. The industry is forced to work with minimal costs, so the functions of economists are divided among themselves by managers, purchasing managers, and technologists. If you're lucky, you can find a job for 35 thousand rubles. For example, the Comfotex company (production of home clothes) invites an economist who will draw up a procurement plan in accordance with the orders of managers, correspond with suppliers of fabrics and accessories, and draw up a schedule for launching new models into production. Equipment Maintenance Engineer Portrait. Engineers must have not only technical skills, but also leadership abilities: they will have to manage a team of adjustments, make sure that the workers on the shops comply with safety regulations, and so on. Therefore, the skills of communicating with people (and not just with automata) are required. Education. Profile specialties - "Machines and devices of the textile and light industry" or "Automation of technological processes and production" with a specialization in "automation of technological processes in light industry". At the institute you will learn the basics automated production, calculation and design of typical light industry machines, installation and operation of technological equipment. Industry universities always have established links with manufacturing enterprises, so practice and first skills engineering work you get while still a student. For a further career, you will need to periodically improve your qualifications - for example, to obtain admissions for safety briefing. What you need to know and be able to do. The engineer must be able to install equipment, carry out repair and service work. It is imperative to know the specifics of the equipment of light industry enterprises - from conveyor lines to lifting machines and mechanisms. Be able to draw up graphs renovation works‚Check the availability of spare parts and, if necessary, order them. When a company renews its technical equipment, it is necessary to organize tenders for the purchase of equipment, negotiate with contractors and in the end decide what to buy. Some companies will require knowledge of English to translate technical documentation. Scene. In production, engineers are in greater demand than economists, so you can always find a job in your specialty. “I graduated from the Kosygin Moscow Textile Institute with a degree in Machinery and Apparatus for Textile, Light Industry and Consumer Services,” says Dmitry Fedorchenko. - After graduation I went as a foreman to the Trekhgornaya Manufactory Cotton Mill. Three years later, I began to look for a place where they would pay more - I had a chance to work in construction company the head of the repair group of the maintenance of buildings and structures, then the engineer technological equipment at the Avon production ”. Sometimes there are vacancies in companies - equipment suppliers. For example, Welltex only accepts people with experience in manufacturing for the position of industrial sewing equipment manager. An engineer will earn 30-50 thousand rubles, depending on the volume of production. The peak of a career is the position of a chief engineer. Fashion designer Portrait. The designer is interested not only in the creative side of the development of clothing and footwear models, but also in the technological one. Therefore, such specialists have aesthetics, good taste and knowledge. fashion trends must be combined with a passion for engineering. Education. Profile university specialties - "Designing garments", "Designing leather products." You will receive the qualification of an engineer (designer of a garment production). Unlike design specialties, a designer is considered to be more technician, and to a lesser extent - creative. However, the creative side can be made up for in fashion design courses or college. A specialist with two such educations will be in demand in many areas - from manufacturing enterprises to fashion houses. What you need to know and be able to do. The tasks of the designer are the creation of models of clothes or shoes, drawing sketches, selection of materials, accessories, elaboration of the product, launching into production. Some enterprises require the designer to supervise the production together with the technologists. Development of design documentation is another required skill: you need to be able to describe clothing models by fabric composition, cut, model type, fit, etc. Knowledge of special programs is required. Scene. You can work not only in garment and shoe factories, but also in small ateliers, workshops for the production of theatrical clothes and shoes, and even for sewing clothes for priests. In the commercial and industrial company "Legpromtorg" (production of men's clothing and accessories), a clothing designer is also called a product manager. He develops the assortment plan of the collection, analyzes the clothing market, the main trends in fashion, fabrics, technologies, and participates in pricing. At another enterprise (production of women's knitwear), the position of a designer is combined with the functions of a technologist. “We do not have our own production,” says Irina V., a representative of the company, “therefore, the designer-technologist must organize the sewing of models at third-party factories in Moscow and be responsible for the timing of the finished product. And, of course, he has standard responsibilities for the development of patterns for products from cut and knitted jersey, quality control of sewing samples and serial models. " Clothing designers are paid 30-40 thousand rubles. The highest point of a career can be your own business - an atelier or workshop.

Z When thinking about careers in the fashion industry, modeling comes to mind in most cases. In fact, if you want to pursue a career in the fashion world, you don't have to be a model.

V in fact, there are many other professions in this industry that do not need to get sucked into the often frightening and overwhelming world of models, but many people don't even know it.

E If you want to work in the fashion industry, but do not know which profession to choose, you should definitely look at the list we have compiled. It will help you quickly choose the profession of your dreams, no matter which industry area you are most interested in.

E If you have different interests, and one of them is fashion, you will definitely find the right career for you on this list!

1 ... Fashion designer

NS Why not create clothes that models wear? If you love fashion and love coming up with your own clothing trends, you can work on creating your own clothing brand. Start small and go to the top! It may seem like a daunting task, but thanks to the internet it is much easier to achieve it!

2 ... Fashion editor

H Begin as a journalist and progress to become a fashion editor. Whether you work for a website or a magazine, you have to start somewhere. If you love fashion and enjoy writing, just get started.

If you are familiar with many fashion trends, you have good taste, have a creativity, and a desire to turn your hobby into a profitable and profitable job, then you should pay attention to professions related to fashion.

Demand oriented, it changes rapidly with new projects and concepts, therefore talented people are always in great demand. There are many places where you can realize yourself, so it is important not to make the wrong choice and find a job that suits your skills.

The beauty and fashion career options (listed below) will help you make your life choices.

Fashion designer

Many young people have a craze for the profession. She has always been popular among young people, but only among those who understand that few survive in this area. You can go into clothing design for a career if you understand what “aesthetics” means when it comes to clothing.

Becoming a fashion designer is definitely a difficult path, as every season you have to come up with completely new collection outfits that suit men and women of different age groups and backgrounds.

Visagiste

"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder" - this saying was consistent with a bygone era, when you had very few opportunities to change your own appearance. The modern generation respects beauty and strives to meet its standards. This could be the reason why there are countless beauty products and salons on the market. So why not choose makeup?

As your career curve progresses, you might even open your own salon. If you create a brand name in the makeup industry, you can easily make tons of money in the beauty and fashion profession.

Creative director in a fashion boutique

Professions related to fashion and style are afloat today. Our generation is shopping in large shopping centers... This is the generation that spends money to look well-groomed.

A fashion boutique is the place to go to choose clothes. And people who like to show off their position buy clothes in such places. The creative director of the fashion boutique plays an important role in the success of this establishment. These people usually come up with attractive themes for boutiques and perfectly design it in the most impressive way in order to attract more customers. It is these professions related to clothing and fashion that are among the most creative. They can also bring you a ton of acquaintances and connections.

Fashion blogger

Writing is your passion, but fashion is your interest, so what to do? It's that simple! Start blogging about new clothes, newfangled trends and trends. Use your rich vocabulary to describe the shades of the latest fashion collection. You can also start a video blog, as this format has recently gained great popularity, because professions related to fashion are among the most in demand among young people.

Are you critical of new dresses on the market that didn't impress or inspire you? Do you clearly define your point of view regarding certain models? Share your views and make money.

Fashion photographer

Photography is an art science. Photographers not only need to understand camera settings like auto mechanics do in their cars, but also deliver sophisticated and aesthetic results like artists.

If you have the combined skills of an artist and a cameraman, try your hand at fashion photography. The fashion industry is always on the lookout for good photographers who can capture images that will impress the viewer. Do you think you enjoy fashion and beauty? Realize your tireless desire in the fashion-related profession. Fashion photography pays well and this niche is always on the lookout for new talent.

Social marketer

Online sale of cosmetic products

Although beauty products are popular among our generation, people are still in no hurry to run to stores. Does this mean that in these conditions it is possible to build a completely successful online business? Buying groceries online seems to be easier for users. You can even sell these products on platforms social networks... Online platforms allow you to distribute products worldwide. If you know the right channels and have a clear plan, beauty products can bring you good luck on the internet.

Model

Do you look adorable and want the world to appreciate your looks? Do you want to be the face of a popular brand? If so, feel free to push your way into the modeling realm.

Everyone who meets the selection criteria for the modeling business and wants to become successful always has a chance to do so! The main thing is not to deviate from your motives. Follow your desire and you might even land in the film industry some day.

Hairdresser

There was a time when men weren't very worried about their hair. Today, things are different: men and women are equally concerned about the condition of their hair. A hair stylist career can be another great fashion-related option for the true aspirant. It is a challenging job in which you can tackle different types of hair, but at the same time it is very interesting, because you need to have a lot of imagination in order to figure out which hairstyle will best emphasize the dignity of your client.

Tattoo master

The art of tattooing originated many centuries ago as part of the culture. Depending on their ethnicity, people tattooed themselves to emphasize their family or social status.

The fashion industry makes the best use of this art today. Gorgeous models in the advertising and glamor industry shock the audience with tattoos. As the influence of fashion on people grows, so does the demand for tattoo artists. You can explore your artistic skills and try different styles tattoo. Also use trends to find out about new and exciting projects.

Why is the fashion industry so popular?

Fashion and beauty are two industries that can add flavor to your memories and identify an entire generation. We remember some elements: for example, clothes from the 80s or makeup from the 70s. The influence of a particular trend can last not only a couple of years, but also several generations.

There are countless professions in the fashion industry, but you can only succeed if you meet demand and follow the course of development. If your mind is ready to constantly come up with something new and creative, then this work For you.

This is the only industry in which people will remember your name as a brand, even if they have never seen you. If you have a desire to achieve this, start now.

CLOTHING, SUIT FUNCTIONS

The basic concepts in modeling are "clothes" and "suit". In the language of any nation, there are words for these concepts.

Clothing -this is a set of covers on the human body that protect it from adverse impacts environment: from cold and scorching sun; from rain and wind; from insect bites; from the teeth and claws of wild animals; from arrows; blows with a spear or sword inflicted by the enemy in battle; from a bullet and poisonous substances. Clothing protects a person not only from physical adverse climatic conditions, influences on his body, but also from the influence of evil forces, providing magical protection (this especially applies to the ancient costume). Thus, clothes can be called war paint, and a tattoo among primitive peoples, and the armor of a medieval knight, and modern body armor and a gas mask, and a fashionable dress. The concept of clothing includes a dress (something that directly covers the human body), shoes, headdresses, accessories (gloves, scarves, belts, etc.). The main function of clothing is protective (physical and moral protection) and utilitarian-practical, since clothing is always associated with any practical activity of a person, has a specific purpose, helping a person to adapt to the world around him. Any piece of clothing is a thing that is used and that performs one or more functions. But at the same time, clothes also have an aesthetic function - they decorate a person, as in any thing, the concepts of beauty and benefit are inextricably linked in it. Like any thing, clothing is a commodity. Wearing clothes is the process of consuming a given product. Clothes can be made to order for a specific person or be a product of mass industrial production, when one sample is replicated in hundreds, thousands, or even millions of copies and finds its "owner" already in the process of distribution, - in any case, it satisfies the specific needs of a particular person.

Clothes are divided into the following types, depending on the method of wearing, the nature of attachment to the human body and cut:

1) draped(not cut, not sewn) - clothes made from one piece of fabric, which is used to wrap or drape the body;

2) waybill- clothes that are worn over the head. It can be unstitched - in the form of a piece of fabric with a cut-out hole for the head (ancient cloaks, ponchos), it can be cut and sewn (tunic-like cut, if the basis of such clothes is a cloth folded in half without shoulder seams - a type of tunic or shirt) ;

3) swing- cut and sewn clothing with a front fastener on top
to the bottom (type of robe or sewn European type - clothing that repeats the shape
the human body, which is achieved by the cut, which is a split
three-dimensional shapes on a plane (reliefs, darts, etc.).

Depending on the purpose and use in various spheres of activity, modern clothing is divided into groups: by gender and age, by the method of manufacture, by season, by purpose (household, sports, industrial, uniform, entertainment, etc.). The concept of “clothing” is inextricably linked with the concept of “costume”.

Costume(from italian costume - custom, customs) - a certain system of objects and elements of clothing, united by a single concept and purpose, reflecting the social, national, regional identity of a person, his gender, age, profession. The costume is closely related to the everyday tradition, characterizing the customs and mores of a particular region, a particular historical period, people or ethnos, as well as with the image, behavior of a particular person, expressing his individuality. Being already associated with a specific person or social group, a suit performs the same functions as clothing: protective and utilitarian-practical, associated with its purpose (functions). However, the most important function of the suit is iconic, as he informs others vital information about a person: about him social status, political predilections, religion, aesthetic taste, culture. Therefore, the suit has, in addition to protective and utilitarian-practical, the following functions:

1) magical;

2) age - denotes or masks the age of a person. The traditional costume often clearly defined the age of a person: this was indicated, for example, by the color of the Tajik clothing, the color of the headdress in the Hungarian women's traditional costume. In European costume, especially modern, age is often disguised;

3) socio-sexual - in almost any traditional costume, not only the sex of a person, but also his marital status is clearly indicated: is it an unmarried girl "for marriageable", an betrothed bride, a married woman or a widow, etc. In society, attempts to wear clothes that did not belong by right were strictly suppressed. In modern costume, this function has almost disappeared: not only marital status, but also a person's gender is often impossible to determine by his costume;

4) class (group) - a suit denotes a person's belonging to a particular class (in a class society), social class or social group(v class society), reveals or disguises the social status of a person;

5) professional - the suit may indicate that it belongs to a personas to a certain profession, to the type of his occupation. This was especially clearly indicated in the Middle Ages, when representatives of certain professions (doctors, lawyers, university teachers) and members of craft guilds wore special clothes that differed in cut and color. In a modern suit, this function is manifested in industrial clothes and, to a much lesser extent, in everyday clothes for work, but it is easy to identify a business person or representatives of "liberal professions" by a suit;

regional - the costume may indicate a regional tradition in clothing associated with both the climatic characteristics of the region, the way of life, and with the national traditions of the peoples living in it. The regional function is related to the national function - according to the costume you can

to judge a person's belonging to a certain ethnic group, although an "international style" has developed in a modern European-type costume, which erases all national characteristics;

7) religious - a costume can also denote a person's religious affiliation. For example, in Xvt v. in France it was possible to distinguish a Catholic from a Huguenot (Protestant) by his costume, in XVII v. in England - a supporter of the Anglican Church from a member of a religious sect (Puritan). And in the modern world, this function of the costume is preserved: a Jew, for example, is difficult to confuse with a Krishnaite. However, we can say that in modern costume this function is not as significant as it used to be.

In a modern European style costume, it is often difficult to single out a specific function at all. The suit has become multifunctional, and the function itself is multi-valued, although it retains the following functions:

8) erotic;

9) aesthetic - in this sense, the costume expresses both the individual aesthetic taste and choice of a person, and the ideas of beauty that are common for a given era. The costume shows the aesthetic ideal of a particular time and people.

When developing a modern suit, it is necessary to take into account what functions should prevail in it. This will determine the design solution, the choice of materials, and the image of the suit. This approach to designing a thing was defined as a "functional approach" - they design not a thing, but the benefit that it should bring to the consumer (from this point of view, it is not a bridge that needs to be designed, but a crossing, not a lamp, but lighting, not a dress , a good mood and self-confidence, not lipstick, but the opportunity to become more beautiful, etc.). The functional design principle presupposes a preliminary study of the process of functioning of a thing, the development of a model of the ideal functioning of the system as a whole and, as a result, the creation of an object with fundamentally new functions that allows satisfying various and changing human needs.

As mentioned earlier, clothing is a commodity and in the modern situation, as a rule, a product of mass production.

Model(from lat.modulus - measure, image, norm) is a sample that serves as a standard for serial reproduction of clothes, shoes, hats; type, brand of any product.

Modeling clothes - the process of creating a new model of clothing.

Fashion designer- a specialist in the manufacture of clothing models, exemplary copies of products. Thus, in the Russian tradition, the creator of new clothing samples is called a fashion designer. In addition, there are other professions associated with the manufacture of a suit: cutter, tailor, tailor, milliner, shoemaker (shoemaker), furrier, technologist, designer, embroiderer, etc. They all perform different functions, participating in the design and manufacture of clothing. But the author, the creator of the new model is precisely the fashion designer who defines the image and style, the general constructive solution, inventing new technological solutions and developing decor, choosing colors and materials, thinking through accessories and additions. In addition, there are other names for this profession, already associated with Western tradition: designer, stylist, couturier.

Couturier- creator of haute couture (haute couture) clothing collections - unique clothing models made in a single copy by hand in haute couture houses that are members of the haute couture Syndicate in Paris or similar organizations in other countries (more under

Designer(this name is associated with the English-speaking tradition, in the French and Italian traditions it corresponds to the concept stylist)- this is what a fashion designer is most often called, which is associated with changes in the field of production and methods of creating clothes, as well as with the emergence of new creative activities associated with mass production.

If you have repaired or altered clothes at least once in your life, then you have come into contact with the work of a seamstress. This specialist is in demand at all times, because people need beautiful and high-quality clothes. will talk about the profession of a seamstress and explain where you can learn its craft and how to get a job.

Description of the profession of seamstress

The seamstress is engaged in sewing and repairing clothes both by hand and with the help of special machines. In her hands, individual details (buttons, lace, fabric scraps, etc.) turn into fashion items. The services of seamstresses are used by large factories, state and private ateliers, she also .

At the enterprise, this specialist is part of a well-coordinated team, where the sewing process is divided into separate operations assigned to each employee. For example, someone sews parts, members of another team iron, check the quality of products. In the atelier, the list of duties of a seamstress is more varied, because the fewer people in the team, the more operations each employee performs. By the way, the seamstress is engaged not only in sewing clothes, but also in leather goods, fur, including shoes, bags.

Personal qualities of a seamstress

A well-developed eye, clear hand coordination and keen vision are essential qualities of a seamstress. A representative of this profession must be dexterous, accurate, diligent, patient, calmly endure monotonous work, but also perform it quickly and efficiently. Without this, a good thing cannot be sewn, and uneven seams or the wrong size will upset the client. In large productionmarriage will not be missed at all and forced remodel.

Pros and cons of the profession

A seamstress has to sit for a long time, strain his eyes, during work his hands are more busy than his head. This is especially felt in mass production, where the seamstress performs mostly monotonous operations. But she can sheathe the whole family and fill the house with original things.

Skillful and adventurous seamstress will never be out of work. If you like to deal with the product from the pattern to the final preparations, it is better to choose a job in an atelier or start your own business. Of course in small town finding a place is more difficult, but working from home is also an option. Then the seamstress will need a sense of taste, sociability, and the ability to quickly perform various operations. Otherwise, you won't attract a lot of clients.

Where to study as a seamstress

This profession is taught in ... Then you can continue to improve professional skills, working in production, for yourself, or enroll in a university as a fashion designer ( , , ). A seamstress's career depends on the professional category: having the highest category, she can apply for the position of a sewing production engineer.

Where a seamstress can work in Belarus

There are many enterprises in our country that require the hands of a seamstress.

Sewing textiles

UE "Baranovichi Cotton Production Association", OJSC "Lenta" (Mogilev), OJSC "Kamvol", OJSC "Sukno" (Minsk), RUPTP "Orshansky flax-processing plant", OJSC "Mogotex" (Mogilev), OJSC "Svitanak" (Soligorsk) , JSC "Vitebsk Carpets", JSC "Kim" (Vitebsk) and others.

Sewing knitwear

OJSC Brest Hosiery Plant, RUPE Baranovichi Knitted Fabric Factory, OJSC Soligorsk Knitted Fabric Enterprise Kupalinka.

The largest garment factories

Comintern OJSC in Gomel, Industrialization Banner in Vitebsk, Milavitsa JV and Progress OJSC in Minsk, Vesnyanka CJSC in Mogilev.

Shoe making

Belvest, Marco, Sivelga, Le Grand, Neman.

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