Questionnaire of professions according to ea klimov. What type of profession is right for you? Ch-Ch - professions of the "person - person" type

How it works

You indicate your gender We have selected pictures for the types of activities. Sets of pictures are different for girls and boys. This will make it easier for you to understand if a particular activity is right for you. Also, gender is taken into account in the sets of professions in the test results.

You choose your preferred activity from 20 couples You need to choose your preferred activity from 20 pairs of activities. Performance online test will take no more than 4 - 5 minutes.

We will show you the test results In the test results, we will determine your predominant occupation type and introduce you to its description. Also in the test results you will find a list of suitable professions.

You choose a profession You will receive your personal list of professions. For the convenience of choosing a profession, we will offer you filters by subjects, USE exams, areas of study, profession prospects, etc. You can save interesting professions in Personal account, add to comparison.

We will show you where you can get a profession We will show you where you can get a profession. If you want to choose educational institution where to get your chosen profession, we will show you universities, colleges, their specific educational programs, where you can get a base for a career in the profession.

We will show the labor market of the profession in Russia and in your city We have selected real company positions for each profession and integrated the capabilities of the Yandex Jobs job aggregator into our service. As a result, you can see up-to-date information according to the current state of the labor market of the profession: the number of vacancies, wages making slices of information by city.

What is this test and can you trust it

This test is designed to identify a person's predisposition to a certain type of profession. The test is used to select for various types of professions in accordance with the classification of types of professions by E.A. Klimov. This is a classic career guidance test "Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire (DDI)", which is used in career guidance and professional selection of adolescents and adults. According to the results of the survey, a person's orientation towards 5 types of professions is revealed, according to the classification of E.A. Klimov:

• man is nature;
• man is a technique;
• person - person;
• man is a symbolic technique, a symbolic image;
• man is an artistic image.

What are the advantages of testing on our website
Our test has several advantages over the original test. We have added visual images of activity to the test, which allow us to more accurately understand what kind of activity we are talking about, to imagine yourself in a certain role. In order to achieve maximum effect, we have created two sets of visuals for women and men. As a result, the test turned out to be less boring and easier and faster.
The test result contains not only the appropriate type of activity and its description. The uniqueness of our test is that as a result of the test, you will see completely specific professions from our atlas of professions, which contains more than 1100 professions.

And this is not all the possibilities of our test version. Professions can be filtered by areas, prospects, USE exams! On the page of each profession, you will find specific programs of universities where you can get it, see a list of universities where this profession is taught. University programs have information about passing scores, competition, number of places, cost of paid education. We provide the most complete range of information for making a decision about future profession and on admission to the university.

Take the Klimov test on our website and make the right decision about your future profession, educational program and university!

VISION(eng. vision) - the ability to receive and extract information about the world from the energy of electromagnetic radiation in the light range; a complex complex of processes in the visual system, starting with the transformation of light energy into photoreceptors and ending with visual sensations and perceptions. The visible part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is considered to be a band with wavelengths approximately in the range from 380 to 760 nm. Z. development is closely related to the improvement of the functions of c. n. with. As a means of cognition, Z. has attained the greatest development in humans, where it provides more than 90% of all information about the world around it.

In the human visual system, there are: 1) peripheral department- an eye (a pair of eyes), with its optical system, external eye muscles and receptor apparatus - the retina (retina, retina); 2) afferent pathways(optic nerves and tracts, the radiance of Graziole), 3) subcortical centers(lateral geniculate bodies, upper tubercles of the quadruple, etc.); 4) visual centers cerebral cortex (17th, 18th and 19th Brodmann fields). The visual system includes and efferent visual pathways providing eye movements. The visual system is under the activating influence of the reticular formation of the brain. Important for Z. are optical system of the eye(cornea, or cornea, pupil and iris, lens, vitreous body), which forms an image of objects of the external world on the retina, as well as auxiliary and protective devices eyes: eyelids, eyelashes, orbits, lacrimal apparatus, blood supply system, etc.

Visual processes result from exposure to visible light on the retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones). In humans, the retina contains approx. 120 million rods and 7 million cones (approx. 160,000 receptors per mm 2). The rod-free foveal area (foveola) contains approximately 25,000 cones. Photoreceptors were discovered by Treviranus (1835), but the idea of ​​2 types of photoreceptors was substantiated by Max Schulze (1866), who put forward duality theory... According to this theory, rods and cones have different functions: rods are the apparatus of the night achromatic vision, cones - daytime color vision. For excitation to occur in retinal neurons, it is necessary that the energy entering the retina in the form of light quanta (photons) be absorbed by the visual pigments of photoreceptors: rod pigment rhodopsin, or, otherwise, visual purple, and cone pigments (iodopsin, etc.). Photochemical changes in these pigments give rise to the visual process, which manifests itself in the form of electrical potentials at all levels of the visual system (see Fig. Electroretinography,Electrooculography,Electroencephalography.)

Retina- this is a complex shell in which 10 layers are distinguished; its main elements are nerve cells. The primary processing of visual information is carried out already in the retina. In addition to receptors, there are several types of neurons in the retina - these are horizontal, bipolar, amacrine (they are included in the 6th layer, which is called the "inner nuclear layer") and ganglion cells (8th layer). Axons of the latter in the amount of approx. 1 million form the optic (optic) nerve; the place in the retina where the fibers of the optic nerve collect and leave the eye is called optical disc, there are no photoreceptors, and in line of sight it corresponds to the site named blind spot(natural scotoma).

Mechanisms of transformation of neurophysiological processes into light Feel and visual perceptions are unknown. Human visual sensations, as a rule, are included in the context of object perception and do not arise in a pure, isolated form (yet Wundt called pure sensation abstraction); they are almost always mediated by higher levels of development mental processes, the unity of which with visual sensations in human activity forms visual perception.

The main visual function is light sensitivity. Absolute light sensitivity is defined as the reciprocal of the value absolute threshold, that is, the smallest value of the light stimulus, at which sensation already arises. The absolute light sensitivity is very high: it is enough for the retina to absorb only a few quanta of light in order for a visual sensation to arise; it is measured in complete darkness when the process is over dark adaptation(cm. Visual adaptation,Sensory adaptation).

Dr. an important indicator of Z. is the minimum visible difference between the two stimuli (in terms of their properties); it characterizes the differential (difference) sensitivity (see. Differential threshold). The relative brightness difference threshold is approximately equal to 1% (see. Brightness contrast).

Visual thresholds are variable values ​​that depend on the action of many internal and external conditions, in particular, on the adaptation of the simultaneous action of several light stimuli on the retina (see. Visual disguise), aftereffects of light stimuli ( sequential images), interaction of the senses. Visual thresholds also depend on age, the general state of the body, the normal or pathological state of the organ Z.

There are 3 main types of Z: photopic, or daytime; mesopic, or twilight; scotopic, or night. Photopic lightning is carried out using a cone apparatus, with complete light adaptation to a background brightness exceeding 10 nits. It is characterized by the relative visibility of monochromatic radiation (in other words, the normalized spectral sensitivity curve) for the daytime Z., adopted by the CIE (1924). Scotopic gold is carried out using a rod apparatus, with complete adaptation to darkness or background brightness not exceeding 0.01 nits. It is characterized by the relative visibility of monochromatic radiation for the night earth, adopted by the CIE (1951). Mesopic Z. is intermediate between daytime and nighttime, when receptors of both types are functioning.

With photopic Z. the greatest visual acuity is present in the central field of Z., corresponding to the foveal region of the retina; to the periphery, it decreases rapidly. In scotopic Z., a central physiological scotoma is formed, and the maximum light sensitivity is observed in the parafoveal sections, which correspond to the maximum density of rods. Under conditions of photopic light, a person distinguishes colors; under conditions of scotopic light, sensations are achromatic in nature, but light sensitivity is very high.

Correct functioning of the eye locomotor apparatus is important for Z. Movements are carried out by the muscles of the eye: external (see. Eye movements) and internal (see. Eye accommodation,Pupillary reflex). Although the emergence of individual sensations and perceptions can occur without eye movements (for example, with a flash of lightning lasting a microsecond, when no eye movement is possible), eye movements are necessary in the integral process of visual perception (reading, viewing a picture, etc.). When artificially motionless images are projected onto the retina, the image of the object fades after a few seconds and disappears (see. Sensory adaptation,Purkinje tree). see also Binocular vision,Deep vision,Line of sight,Monocular vision,Neuron detector,Peripheral vision,Color vision,Central vision.

One of the most famous and widespread tests in our country. Despite its venerable age, the Klimov questionnaire allows you to fairly accurately determine the level of motivation to different types activities. Due to its simplicity, it can be used for testing both adults and adolescents.

In accordance with the classification of types of professions of the Russian psychologist E.A. Klimov, each person is characterized by a more or less clearly expressed preference for activities. According to his theory, every person can cope with any job, subject to the successful completion of the appropriate training. However, due to the prevalence of various interests and personality traits, all possible professions were divided into 5 pairs in accordance with the prevailing type of activity:

• Man is nature
• Man is a technique
• Man is a sign
• Man - man
• Man is an artistic image

The questionnaire can be used as an initial or basic questionnaire to quickly and concisely determine the desired type of activity on your own or in schools. The passage time will not take more than 10 minutes.

Instructions for the Klimov questionnaire

You will be asked to answer 20 questions like "Suppose you have the opportunity to do what you like, which of the two would you prefer?" with different pairs of answers. Only one answer can be selected for each question. Read the answers carefully and choose the one that suits you best.

Test time: about 10 minutes.

If the scale contains 0-2 points, the interest in this area was not revealed.
When typing 3-6 points interest and professional orientation are expressed average.
7-8 points will indicate a pronounced professional orientation and interest in professions related to the scale.

Questions for the test

The methodology is intended for selection for various types of professions in accordance with the classification of types of professions by E.A. Klimov. Can be used for career guidance for adolescents and adults.

Procedure for

The test subject must select only one type in each of the 20 pairs of proposed activities and put a "+" sign in the corresponding cell of the answer sheet.

The examination time is not limited. Although, the subject should be warned that the questions should not be thought about for a long time and usually it takes 20-30 minutes to complete the task.

It is possible to use the technique individually and in a group.

The experimenter can read out questions to a group of subjects, but in this case the response time is limited. This method is used when the experimenter has to work in a limited time interval.

Instructions

“Suppose that after the appropriate training, you will be able to do any job. But if you had only two options to choose from, which would you prefer? "

Processing of results

One point is awarded for each match with the key.

Interpretation of results

"Human nature"

If you like to work in the garden, vegetable garden, take care of plants, animals, love the subject of biology, then check out the professions of the "man-nature" type.

Subject of labor for representatives of most professions such as "human nature" are:

• animals, conditions of their growth, life;
• plants, conditions of their growth.

activities:

• study, research, analyze the state, living conditions of plants or animals (agronomist, microbiologist, livestock technician, hydrobiologist, agrochemist, phytopathologist);
• grow plants, take care of animals (forester, field grower, florist, vegetable grower, poultry breeder, livestock breeder, gardener, beekeeper);
• to carry out the prevention of diseases of plants and animals (veterinarian, doctor of the quarantine service).

Psychological requirements professions "man-nature":

• developed imagination, visual-figurative thinking, good visual memory, observation, the ability to foresee and evaluate changing natural factors;
• since the results of activities are revealed after a rather long time, the specialist must have patience, perseverance, must be ready to work outside of teams, sometimes in difficult weather conditions, in mud, etc.

"Technician man"

If you like laboratory work in physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, if you make models, you are good at household appliances, if you want to create, operate or repair machines, mechanisms, apparatus, machine tools, then familiarize yourself with the professions of "man-technician".

Subject of labor for representatives of most professions such as "technician" are:

• technical objects (machines, mechanisms);
• materials, types of energy.

Specialists in this field have to perform the following activities:

• creation, installation, assembly technical devices(specialists design, construct technical systems, devices, develop processes for their manufacture. Machines, mechanisms, devices are assembled from individual units, parts, and adjusted and adjusted);
• operation of technical devices (specialists work on machines, control transport, automatic systems);
• repair of technical devices (specialists identify, recognize malfunctions of technical systems, devices, mechanisms, repair, regulate, adjust them).

Psychological requirements professions "man-technician":

• good coordination of movements;
• accurate visual, auditory, vibrational and kinesthetic perception;
• developed technical and creative thinking and imagination;
• ability to switch and concentrate attention;
• observation.

"Human Sign System"

If you like to perform calculations, drawings, diagrams, keep filing cabinets, organize various information, if you want to do programming, economics or statistics, etc., then get acquainted with professions such as "man - sign system". Most professions of this type involve information processing. Subject of labor for representatives of most professions of the type "person, the sign system" are:

• texts in native or foreign languages(editor, proofreader, typist, clerk, telegrapher, typesetter);
• numbers, formulas, tables (programmer, operator of the money supply system, economist, accountant, statistician);
• drawings, diagrams, maps (designer, process engineer, draftsman, copier, navigator, surveyor);
• sound signals (radio operator, stenographer, telephone operator, sound technician).

Psychological requirements professions "man-sign system":

• good RAM and mechanical memory;
• the ability to long-term concentration of attention on abstract (symbolic) material;
• good distribution and switching of attention;
• accuracy of perception, the ability to see what is behind conventional signs;
• perseverance, patience;
• logical thinking.

"Human-artistic image"

Subject of labor for representatives of most professions such as "human artistic image" is:

• artistic image, methods of its construction.

Specialists in this field have to perform the following activities:

• creation, design of works of art (writer, artist, composer, fashion designer, architect, sculptor, journalist, choreographer);
• reproduction, manufacturing of various products according to a sample (jeweler, restorer, engraver, musician, actor, cabinetmaker);
• reproduction of works of art in mass production (porcelain painting master, stone and crystal grinder, painter, printer).

Psychological requirements professions "person-artistic image":

• artistic ability; developed visual perception;
• observation, visual memory; visual-figurative thinking; creative imagination;
• knowledge of the psychological laws of emotional impact on people.

"Man-man"

Subject of labor for representatives of most professions of the type "person to person" are:

• people.

Specialists in this field have to perform the following activities:

• education, training of people (educator, teacher, sports coach);
• medical care (doctor, paramedic, nurse, nanny);
• consumer services (seller, hairdresser, waiter, watchman);
• information service (librarian, guide, lecturer);
• protection of society and the state (lawyer, policeman, inspector, serviceman).

Psychological requirements professions "man-to-man":

• the desire for communication, the ability to easily come into contact with strangers;
• sustained well-being when working with people;
• benevolence, responsiveness;
• excerpt;
• the ability to restrain emotions;
• the ability to analyze the behavior of others and one's own, to understand the intentions and mood of other people, the ability to understand the relationships between people, the ability to settle differences between them, to organize their interaction;
• the ability to mentally put oneself in the place of another person, the ability to listen, take into account the opinion of another person;
• the ability to master speech, facial expressions, gestures;
• developed speech, the ability to find a common language with different people;
• the ability to convince people;
• accuracy, punctuality, composure;
• knowledge of human psychology.

Evgeny Aleksandrovich Klimov (1930-2014) - Doctor of Psychology, Professor, developer of the systemic-genetic psychophysiology of the style of professional activity. The most famous in Russian psychology was the classification of professions developed by him according to the subject of labor, which distinguishes five types of modern professions: a person - Live nature, man-technology, man-man, man-symbolic system, man-artistic image.

The methodology is designed to identify the tendency (predisposition) of a high school student to certain types of professions. It is a fairly short questionnaire consisting of 20 alternative judgments.

The use of the technique is possible both individually and in a group. You shouldn't think about questions for a long time.

The subject must choose the most preferable in each of the 20 pairs of proposed activities.

Rooms and letter designations in the cells of the answer sheet correspond to the numbers and designations of the questions. Each question has, as it were, two parts, connected by the union "or". Depending on whether you like the lesson mentioned in the first part of the question, put a "+" or "-" sign in the answer sheet. The same should be done with the second half of the question. One of the halves should definitely be preferred - it should have more advantages.

Suppose that after proper training you will be able to do any job. However, if you had only two options to choose from, which would you prefer?

QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT

Analysis of results

The greatest number of pluses and the smallest number of minuses are symptoms of preference, optant tendencies. Very often they indirectly speak about the subject's abilities.

This questionnaire helps to at least partially limit the area of ​​choosing a profession, to prefer certain zones of the world map of professions. The accuracy of the measured preferences should not be overstated. According to the results of the questionnaire, you can find out to which area of ​​activity a person is more inclined, to which less. The scores indicate only the direction, not the magnitude of the change in the assessed trait. That is why it is illegal, strictly speaking, to mutually destroy the pros and cons obtained in the processing of each column. Also, one should not attach importance to the differences in the magnitude of the final (by columns) numbers when comparing the results of diagnostics of two different people. For example, if one optant has a score of 11 in any column (scale), and the other has a score of 15, it is inappropriate to conclude that in the second case the preference is expressed "more strongly". It is legitimate to draw conclusions about differences in preference for professions of a certain type... So, DDO allows you to determine which professions a person prefers (but not by how much).

In accordance with the object of labor, five types of professions are distinguished:

1. "Man-nature" (P).

Representatives of these professions are united by one very important quality- love for nature. But love is not contemplative. Which is possessed by almost all people, considering nature the most favorable environment for recreation, and active associated with the knowledge of its laws and their application. It's one thing to love animals and plants, play with them, and enjoy them. And it is quite another thing to regularly, day after day, take care of them, observe, treat, walk, regardless of personal time and plans. A specialist should not only know everything about living organisms, but also predict possible changes in them and take action. A person needs initiative and independence in solving specific problems, solicitude, patience and foresight. A person working in the field of "man-nature" must be calm and balanced.

2. "Man-technician" (T).

The peculiarity of technical objects is that, as a rule, they can be accurately measured in many ways. When processing, transforming, moving or evaluating them, the employee is required to be precise and certain of actions. Technology as a subject of ore provides ample opportunities for innovation, invention, creativity, therefore, such a quality as practical thinking is of great importance. Technical imagination, the ability to mentally connect and disconnect technical objects and their parts are important conditions for success in this area.

3. "Human-sign system" (Z).

We meet signs much more often than we usually imagine. These are numbers. Codes, conventional signs, natural or artificial languages, drawings, formula tables. In any case, a person perceives a sign as a symbol of a real object or phenomenon. Therefore, it is important for a specialist who works with signs to be able, on the one hand, to abstract from the real physical, chemical, mechanical properties of objects, and on the other hand, to represent and perceive the characteristics of real phenomena or objects behind the signs. To work successfully in any profession of this type, you need to be able to mentally immerse yourself in the world of seemingly dry designations and focus on the information they carry in themselves. Special requirements of this type of profession are placed on attention.

4. "Human-artistic image" (X).

The most important requirements that are presented by professions related to the visual, musical, literary and artistic, acting and stage activities of a person are the ability to art, creative imagination, creative thinking, talent, hard work.

5. "Man-man" (H).

The main content of labor in professions of the "person-to-person" type is reduced to the interaction between people. If this interaction does not work out, it means that work will not work out either. Qualities necessary for working with people: sustainable, good mood in the process of working with people, the need for communication, the ability to mentally put oneself in the place of another person, to quickly understand the intentions, thoughts, mood of people, the ability to understand human relationships, good memory (the ability to keep in mind the names and characteristics of many people), patience.

Examples of professions in accordance with the presented types of a person's relationship to the outside world

Of course, it is impossible to strictly categorize all professions into five types. This approach to the classification of professions is more correct: one must proceed from the fact that a profession can be characterized simultaneously by signs of different types, but in equal measure. Thus, a choir conductor is both a musician and an organizer of a group of people. An agronomist is a specialist in the field of plant growing, and an organizer of production, and an expert in agricultural technology, and to some extent also a cartographer (who, besides him, will draw up special maps of the lands of a given farm?). Therefore, when grouping such complex multi-feature phenomena as professions, it is necessary to take into account the fact that their boundaries are unclear and focus on the main, main groups of features. Different groupings are possible for different purposes.

Questionnaire data processing

In each column, the plus and minus sums are calculated separately. The sum of the pluses is put in the third line from the bottom in the corresponding column, the sum of minuses is in the second line. The algebraic sum is put down in the bottom line.