Stages of drawing the Zhostovo painting. Zhostovo painting. How to draw for children in stages. Materials and tools for work

Zamalevok

The general silhouette of the composition, the location of the main color spots are outlined with the whitened paints. In the painting, the master sketches the silhouette of the bouquet on the working surface of the tray with a wide brush. Zhostovo painting is carried out without preliminary drawing with dense, somewhat bleached paints on several trays at the same time. The handwritten manner of writing allows Zhostovo craftsmen to paint 5, 6 or more trays a day. Creating a bouquet, the artist rotates the tray on his knee, as if substituting the desired area of its surface under the brush. At the same time, you need to monitor the beauty and expressiveness of the silhouette of flowers, buds, leaves and stems, the rhythmic arrangement of colorful spots, the ratio of the scale of painting the shape and background of the tray. Zamalevok is dried for 3-4 days in free air or for several hours in a drying cabinet, after which it is covered with light varnish and cleaned for the second stage of writing.

Tenezhka

Shadows are applied to the dried paint with glaze paints. This technique immerses the bouquet in depth of tone. With strong, juicy strokes with a wide flat brush, glaze paints are applied: blue (Prussian blue or ultramarine), green (emerald green) and red (kraplak). Tenezhka is designed to enhance the sound of color and emphasize shady places in flower forms.

pad

Dense corpus letter. The shapes of the bouquet are specified, highlighted with the use of dense paints. With bright, dense colors, the artist reveals (lays out) the volumes of flowers and leaves.

Blikovka

Highlight blending reveals volume and light, completes the sculpting of forms. Supplements the gasket with whitewash cuts of flowers, buds and leaves.

Blueprint

This technique quickly and easily outlines the petals and leaves, seeds in the flower cups. Completes the cutting of the main forms of the bouquet with thin, musical lines that draw the outlines of the petals and veins of leaves. In the cups of flowers, the master depicts stamens and pistils, which is called planting seedlings.

Binding

Closing letter. A grass pattern painted with green or brown paint in the gaps between flowers and leaves. Zhostovo bouquets are characterized by the brightness of colors: blue, red, green, yellow, white, orange, the sonority of which is especially emphasized by the black lacquer background.

Ornament

Painted with gold paint on the side of the tray. The sides of the trays are decorated with light openwork ornaments. The ornament is executed with a light varnish squirrel brush.

Trays are made from ordinary sheet iron. Forged products are primed, putty, polished and varnished, which makes their surface impeccably even, then painted with oil paints and covered on top with several layers of transparent colorless varnish. The most important operation requiring genuine creativity is painting. The subjects of the painting are floral and floral ornaments and everyday scenes from folk life, landscapes, scenes of folk festivals, weddings and tea parties. The most common type of Zhostovo painting is a bouquet located in the center of the tray and framed along the board with a small golden pattern. In this construction, one can see a certain reflection of the composition of the easel still life of the 19th century, enclosed in a gilded frame. But the motive itself received a more decorative and conventional interpretation than in easel paintings. It becomes part of a decorative item, special techniques allowed the craftsmen to organically inscribe, how to "melt" it into the lacquered surface of the tray. The bouquet has turned into an elegant group of flowers, freely laid on a shiny lacquered background. Three or four large flowers (rose, tulip, dahlia, and sometimes more modest pansies, bindweed, etc.) were surrounded by a scattering of smaller flowers and buds, interconnected by flexible stems and light "grass", that is, small twigs and leaflets. The image seemed to be born from the shimmering depth, dissolving in it with transparent shadows and flashing bright bouquets on the surface. The flowers, slightly "drowned" in the background, seemed light semi-volumetric, the tactfully given angles and turns of the corollas did not visually break through the plane of the object.

The Zhostovo painting and its painting technique, as well as the painting of each tray itself, is original and inimitable, for it is performed without any samples whatsoever. Behind the captivating lightness and unconstrained artistry of writing, lies a tremendous skill developed by generations of talented unknown peasant artists in the past. Zhostovo artists paint with oil paints, soft squirrel brushes. During the work, the artist holds the tray on his knee and, when necessary, turns it. And the hand with the brush rests on a wooden plank lying across the tray. At first, the artist only outlines the future painting, draws freely with quick and accurate strokes. And even repeating the drawing, the master improvises, adds something new. The Zhostovo painting begins with "paint over", the general silhouette of the image, the location of the main spots are outlined with whitened paints. The stained trays are oven dried for several hours. The following techniques, "shading" and "laying", build the shapes of flowers and leaves; first, transparent shadows are applied, then the bright spots of the painting are "laid out" with dense bright paints. This is followed by "glare", that is, the application of bleaching strokes, clarifying all volumes. The painting ends with graceful graphics "drawings" and "bindings". The elastic lines of the "drawing" easily run around the petals and leaves along the contour, expressively emphasizing their juicy painting in contrast. Small twigs, not accidentally called "snap", soften the transition to the background. Each craftsman uses these traditional techniques that have developed in the craft in his own way, creatively playing up the decorative possibilities of brush writing (for example, "glare" can be softly "fused" with the "gasket", or it can clearly stand out on it). As a result, endless variations of similar motives and images appear, but you will never see literal copies or repetitions among them. So each tray is a unique work of authorship. Sometimes painting, or Zhostovo painting, glows with a special flickering light. This master used mother-of-pearl fragments in the painting, placing them directly on the tray. The means of Zhostovo's art are vividly expressive. It has its own artistic system, pictorial techniques and original style, formed from an alloy of ornamental folk paintings and mastered by folk masters of realistic pictorial still life.

Zhostovo's art is based on the techniques of writing developed by generations, without which his artistic skill would be impossible. It is born in the very process of a kind of painting-painting, combining the strict sequence and refinement of craft techniques with the improvisation of creativity.

The charm of Zhostovo's art is in the sincerity, spontaneity of its content and expressive means. It is democratic in all its manifestations; it does not require special knowledge and training to perceive it. Garden and wildflowers - both real and those born of the artist's imagination, gathered in bouquets and spread out in wreaths and garlands - this theme finds a lively response in every person, awakens a sense of beauty.

This is not a very simple technique, and in order to learn how to draw in this style, you need to train for a long time. But those who are familiar with Chinese painting can easily repeat it. Painting the most common tray. I buy all kinds of trays (metal, patterned). First, I degrease the tray, cover it with a primer layer, then 2 layers with black varnish (matte) and start painting. Paint from spray cans holds well, dries quickly, applies evenly, without a pungent odor.

For work you will need: acrylic paint (I only use polycolour), these paints fit perfectly, mix well with each other, dense; brush, beveled synthetics; thin brush No. 0 synthetics. For the palette, I use a metal lid, put a paper napkin down (a few drops of water on the napkin to keep it wet) and on top of the tracing paper. I squeeze the paint onto the tracing paper. A damp cloth is needed to keep the paint from drying out.

With a light pencil I outline where the flower buds will be.

I start with the upper leaves of the flower, after the lower ones. In one tone.

I paint over (in the photo there is a glare from the flash).

I set off the inside of the bud with black paint.

A set of paint on the main (color) brush and white, I draw the upper petals. I paint everything with a beveled brush.

I complement the upper part of the flower with circular strokes, closing the bud.

I draw small details.

I draw the lower part of the flower.

I set off the middle with dark yellow paint (I dilute the paint with water).

I make the painted strokes brighter.

I put dots in the middle (the camera let me down a little).

Second bud. I start in the same way as the first one, only in white.

I paint over one side with light purple paint and yellow, darken the inside of the bud.

A set of paint on a brush in purple and white, I draw the upper petals and petals in a circle.

I draw additional petals in the middle.

In a white rose, I draw folded petals and draw small details with a thin brush. Yellow flower in the same pattern.

I start with closed petals in the middle of the bud.

I complement the petals, closing the bud, draw all the rose petals in a circle.

I draw petals on top of each other, from bottom to top.

I paint the closed petals with white paint.

I trace all the flowers with black paint and a thin brush, complementing and making them more alive.

I paint a closed bud with pink paint, paint the closed petals with white paint, shade the part of the flower that is closer to us with yellow paint.

I paint the frame of the bud with white paint, shading it with purple, yellow and black.

I highlight the part of the flower farthest to us with white paint.

I close the bud.

I add the lower petals.

I add small leaves.

With a thin brush I draw a stamen and outline the leaves.

I add petals of different lengths in a circle, darken.

I add the leaves with white paint. Then it seemed to me that the central part of the flower is wide and decided to make it smaller.

I shade the flower with yellow paint, add white leaves.

Small leaves all over the flower, I outline the center of the bud with a thin brush.

After the end of the entire painting, after 1-2 days, I cover it in 2 layers of varnish.

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preparation, stage-by-stage drawing of elements, drawing up patterns

This type of painting, named after a village near Moscow, is known all over the world. Even people who are far from art will unmistakably distinguish the Zhostovo tray in the variety of folk crafts. Bouquets of flowers, berries and fruits, like an explosion, appear from a dark background, shimmer with many colors and are about to disappear. Capturing this wonderful moment and capturing it with soft brushes and paints - this is the skill of the artist.

A painted tray stops the eye for a long time, forcing one to examine each petal, trace the bends of twigs and grass, guess graceful figures of birds among the flowers. You can endlessly watch the work of the painter: the movements of his hand are precise and dexterous, and from under an obedient brush, buds instantly bloom. It seems that the Zhostovo painting of the trays is not difficult. And this really would be so if the work had not been preceded by years of training and skill development.

A step-by-step description of the work on the painting will help to get involved in the work of the Zhostovites. Perhaps, in some of the steps, the main secret of mastery is hidden?

How the Zhostovo tray is created in a factory

Trays of common shapes (round and rectangular) are made from sheet iron using machine tools. The sheets are cut, pressed, then the sides are squeezed out onto them and the sharp edge is carefully bent. When creating unique forms, the manual labor of a farrier is used - a blacksmith working with cold metal.

The finished trays are sent to the grinding and priming workshop, where they are covered with several layers of soil and dried. The soil gives the background color, most often it is black. Red or green backgrounds look very ceremonious.

Finally, the tray ends up in the paint shop. The artist does not have a sample, the Zhostovo bouquet is created only by imagination.

The next stage is ornamentation or "cleaning". An ornament is applied along the sides with a thin brush, which completes the composition. This is done by another master, whose hand is accustomed to fine and precise work.

Finally, the tray is sent to be coated with several coats of special varnish. As a result, it becomes smooth and shiny.

Gallery: flowers from Zhostovo (25 photos)

Sign painting for children and adults

Having torn the child away from the computer, it is necessary to immediately offer him another absorbing activity. Coloring trays, warmed up by looking at photographs of finished products, can captivate both a child and an adult drawing lover for a long time.

Making a tray at home is, of course, difficult. But to master the technique of Zhostovo painting and get pleasure from creativity is available to everyone. A bright pattern will decorate a cutting board, wooden utensils, a Christmas ball or Easter Egg... But you should start with training - drawing on paper.

The Zhostovo painting, a coloring book produced by the book industry, can also be used to teach preschoolers. The contours here are already collected according to the laws of composition or represent individual elements. But you should not get carried away with it: the principles of coloring contradict the free spirit of the Zhostovo pattern.

Materials and preparation

It will take a long time to train the skills of each step of working on painting, so at first the child can use watercolors, gouache and ordinary sketchbooks. Later they move on to the silhouettes of trays, cut out of black cardboard.

When the basic elements are mastered, you can purchase a cutting board or papier-mâché molds on which the drawing will be applied. They are bought in art salons or made on their own. At the factory in Zhostovo, including via the Internet, you can buy blank trays for painting. A less expensive purchase will be an ordinary galvanized bucket or basin. The fear of ruining expensive products will increase the responsibility of a novice artist before each stroke.

Wooden and paper products are primed with special compounds, choosing the background color. Metal objects are degreased, cleaned and primed for metal (it is convenient to use black or red aerosols). Used items are especially carefully cleaned, since the Zhostovo painting requires a perfectly smooth surface.

Oil paints are used for work, they are advised to be mixed with glossy varnishes in order to achieve an expressive image. It is enough to buy basic colors:

kraplak red;
cobalt blue;
burnt bone;
light ocher;
emerald greens;
titanium white.

Inexpensive kits are suitable for training, but you should be aware that the properties of oil paints vary greatly depending on the composition. You will need linseed oil or turpentine to dilute the paint.

The arrangement of the Zhostovo flowers on a household item should correspond to the shape of the decorated vessel. On a board or bucket, you can depict a bouquet, and on the sides of a bowl or plate - an endless garland of flowers.

Zhostovo painting is multi-layered. Applying layers of paint from dark to light creates volume and bulge in the picture. Of course, each layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried.

First, you should master the main stages of creating an image:

When analyzing finished products, you need to pay attention to the composition, basic forms and try to reproduce them in the form of color spots. It is not recommended to sketch in pencil, snapping to lines will only damage the work of the imagination.

Elements of Zhostovo painting

Teaching should start with simple, single strokes (leaflet). By connecting three leaves, a "trefoil" is obtained. Two green strokes and one red brush make up the bud. The bud is planted on a stalk and surrounded by leaves - a "twig" is obtained.

In the next lesson, they master wide strokes, of which large flowers (roses and dahlias), medium ones (poppies, bells, pansies) are made.

There is no task to reproduce the flower exactly: the image of plants on the Zhostovo tray is creative, fantasy and only distantly resembles nature.

Training and application

Noticing the child's passion for drawing, you can send him to special courses in Zhostovo painting for children. The best of them, including those for adults, are held in Zhostovo itself. The field of application of knowledge is quite wide. In addition to traditional trays, they paint fabrics, nails, cars in the Zhostovo style, create fashionable designs for kitchen furniture and walls.

Folk crafts associated with images of flowering plants symbolize eternal life, resurrection, love and joy. Any dream or wish can be expressed with the elements of the painting. Those who have received the Zhostovo bouquet from the artist will only have to unravel the message written in such an unusual, vivid letter.

Attention, only TODAY!

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how to draw flowers and leaves in stages with video

Zhostovo painting is a Russian folk fine art, defined in the painting of metal trays. The coloring has something in common with the Tagil painting, although, in fact, it is a late branch of it by the beginning of the 19th century.

The first independent workshop was created around 1825 by Osip Vishnyakov in the village of Zhostovo in the Moscow region. He was engaged in the manufacture of trays from papier-mâché and metal using varnishes, and along with him there was a workshop for the "alteration of trays" by Ivan Mitrofanov. New workshops began to open up the chain. The tray craft has had its ups and downs. The fact is that with the advent of the Soviet foundations, the drawings were often simplified, which did not have a very good effect on the works themselves, because the masters were required to repeat the style of the ornament, which was not the principle of this particular applied art. Now the situation remains at a stable level.

To this day, there is a mass production of trays painted with this technique; in modern art, the old traditions of ancient crafts are often supported and developed. It is not surprising that the painting of trays from Zhostovo is flourishing, since the painting technique created over the years is truly mesmerizing with voluminous masterpieces.

Characteristic signs

Decorative painting of trays with Zhostovo motives - these are magnificent flower bouquets, most often on a black or red background. The technique is accompanied by complete improvisation, mainly large loose flowers and wide leaves. Flowers do not repeat exactly as in nature, but have the basic structure of a natural flower, thereby creating a line between reality and fiction, adding more tenderness and brightness to flower bouquets. Less common, but still there are birds and animals, as well as silhouettes of dishes and people.

In ancient times, gold and silver colors prevailed, now the works have gained bright colors.

Steel is used to make trays. Before starting painting, the product must be prepared for work. Primer is applied to the trays, polished, varnished in black several times. Each layer is dried.

Composition drawing technique

How is such a miracle painted? For painting, they use materials such as oil-based paints, natural brushes, gold paste, a metal tray blank, varnish, linseed oil to correct mistakes, and the accompanying tools - a glass for water, a ruler and a palette for mixing paints.

The drawing is applied directly to the background in stages. The compositions can be in bouquets or around the edges of the tray. How to paint and what colors can you use? Many colors are used in Zhostovo painting, mainly red, pink, blue, green, and you will definitely need white and black colors to complete the picture, giving volume to the petals.

The first stage of work will be the so-called "zamalevka". Wide strokes of the main colors are used, this is the basis for future flowers and leaves.

Then the shadows are drawn with a brown or darker shade, at the same time, on the other side, we highlight with a lighter shade. Photo below.

Here's another photo of color options that you can include in your work. The colors are varied by the master, depending on the wishes. The drawing does not end there, there is still a lot of work, because this type of painting should look voluminous and colorful. In the future, glare, shading on the leaves and on the background, veins and openwork edges are applied. The most important step in the work is the "gasket": a dense corpus letter. The forms of the bouquet take on flesh, accentuate, lighten, a contrasting or more harmonious color scheme of the entire composition is realized. With the help of thin strokes, the composition is collected into a single bouquet. The tray at the end of the work is framed with geometric patterns in gold and white paint.

The style of Zhostovo trays will perfectly complement the decor of the kitchen, it just looks gorgeous and can be presented as a souvenir to friends from other countries. Table setting with such trays will add color and warmth to any home. Pictures of trays with red and other backgrounds with a predominance of gold patterns.

In fact, the works of many outstanding masters were noted in the Zhostovo painting, as the work is free. Many artists made their own adjustments to the work, keeping a certain drawing technique, diversified drawings, creating a number of products that went down in history as unique.

how to draw in stages and how to draw trays

Zhostovo painting originated in the 18th century in the Urals, where at that time large metallurgical plants of Russia were concentrated, and in the 19th century it spread to the Moscow region, where it received the greatest development. Traditionally, only metal trays are painted in the Zhostovo painting, but recently pictures in the Zhostovo style can be found both on metal dishes and on glass, ceramics, leather and even nails.

The main motive of the Zhostovo painting is flowers, bouquets of them, branches or wreaths and garlands, mainly on a black or red background. Moreover, the painting is carried out immediately on the tray, without the use of preliminary sketches or templates. We can say that the artist "thinks with a brush", and rather quickly - a real master manages to paint up to ten trays per day. Thanks to this, there are no two identical trays, each painted object is unique and inimitable.

Zhostovo painting is multi-layered, it is done in several stages with special transparent dyes, as a result of which the lower layers of paint shine through the upper ones, giving a special effect of glow and depth.

A distinctive feature of the painting is that the flowers and leaves are painted with bright colors - blue, green, red or yellow, and their brightness is additionally highlighted due to the black background on which the painting is carried out.

The painting itself is carried out with oil paints, and it does not matter in what form they are produced - in cans or tubes, because in any case, immediately before painting, they are diluted with linseed oil and turpentine to the desired consistency for that. So that the paint does not protrude beyond the surface of the drawing after varnishing.

For painting, mainly soft squirrel brushes are used, which absorb a large amount of paint and, as a result, give a long stroke. In this case, an ordinary stone slab is used as a palette for mixing various paints.

There are two types of compositions in the Zhostovo painting - if the main composition is located in the center of the tray, then this is an assembled bouquet, and if the elements of the pattern are located along the edges of the product, then this is a wreath.

Decorative painting in the Zhostovo style is applied in stages and therefore it is very complex and requires not only imagination, but also the firmness of the hand, the speed of drawing, as well as knowledge of mixing dyes to obtain the desired result.

Stage 1

At this stage, a metal blank is prepared for painting - primer, putty, sanding and varnishing. They are also determined with the background color - most often it is black, but in some cases it can be white, red, turquoise, silver or any other at the discretion of the artist.

Stage 2

Silhouettes of elements of the future drawing are applied to the prepared surface of the tray with diluted paint. After that, the paint is applied, the tray is dried in the oven for a few more hours.

Stage 3

With the help of translucent paints, colored shadows are applied. This gives volume to the flowers, and the rest of the plants show shady spots.

Stage 4

At this stage, all details are clarified, contrast is implemented and the structure of the entire composition is harmonized - this is the most crucial stage of painting.

Stage 5

This stage is called glare, as the glare is superimposed on the entire drawing, while the bouquet becomes, as it were, illuminated. different sources light from different sides.

6 stage

At the end of the work, the artist applies the final touches with a special thin brush - veins on the leaves and seeds in the center of the flower cups.

7 stage

This is the penultimate stage of painting the tray. At this stage, blades of grass, leaves and tendrils are drawn, with the help of which the bouquet becomes part of a single bouquet and is associated with the background.

8 stage

At this stage, the sides of the tray are decorated. The decoration can be with the help of a floral or geometric pattern; without it, the tray looks unfinished. Without any specific "zest".

As a result of such complex and laborious processes, a truly unique product is born that cannot be repeated, even if the same master will make it, since this type of painting combines a strict sequence of painting with the improvisation of the creative process.

Development area

Zhostovo painting got its name from the place of origin and production. Metal trays, painted with flower arrangements, originated in the Moscow region. The village of Zhostovo near Mytishchi became their homeland.

The predecessors of the Zhostovo painting were paintings on trays, which appeared in the middle of the 18th century in the Urals, not far from the location of the famous Demidov factories. Only in the first quarter of the 19th century, the former serfs, ransomed from dependence, the Vishnyakov brothers, who had accumulated a small capital, opened their workshop in the village of Zhostovo. And a little later, the craft began to develop in other villages near Moscow. Gradually the Zhostovo workshop became the leading one in the craft.

The Vishnyakovs were miniaturist painters, and therefore painted not only trays, but also boxes, cigarette cases, tea caddies, albums and other household items. Osip Vishnyakov went to sell the goods in Moscow and gradually saved up money, with which he was able to rent a shop on Tsvetnoy Boulevard. The special demand for the Vishnyakovs' trays arose with the spread of the traditions of tea drinking in Russia. They were used as pallets for samovars.

At the beginning of the 20th century, interest in folk crafts declined, and therefore, at the end of the 30s, scattered artels in neighboring villages and in Zhostovo had to unite. As a result, a whole factory was opened for decorative painting of metal trays - "Metal Podnos". And since 1960, the Zhostovo factory of decorative painting has seen the light.

Stages of product creation

From the beginning to the end of the manufacture of the product, the process of creating the Zhostovo painting goes through a number of stages:

Making a tray oval, octagonal, round, rectangular or combined.
Priming the surface of the workpiece.
Putty of unevenness.
Smoothing the surface of the base to a smooth state.
Coating with varnish.
Painting with oil paints.
Two-layer coating of the product with transparent varnish.

Features of the manufacture of the base

Usually the base tray is forged by hand from sheet iron, for which it is used good quality roofing steel. The sheets are first stamped and then rolled to keep the beads firm. In the production of standard-shaped trays, large iron sheets are cut into pieces of the required shape and size. Then, on an electric press, the tray is "cut" and "pulled out". With the help of molds and a combined stamp, the sides are formed on the future tray. This process is called "flanging" or "rolling".

Stage-by-stage painting of the Zhostovo tray

Here's how it goes:

At the priming stage, a background is selected and applied - the color of the tray. Usually it is black, but there are products with a blue, red, green background. Oil varnish is traditionally used to create a black background. The secret of the varnish is lost, but its base is known - a palm resin from Africa called copal. Thanks to the special varnish composition, the trays were extremely durable. According to the old masters of Zhostovo painting, their products are not afraid of frost or heat and can only be compared with Chinese ones. At the time, this comparison suggested highest quality goods.
At the second stage of the Zhostovo painting, an overlay is created - the general silhouettes of the drawing are made with diluted paint and fired in a special oven for several hours. For painting and background, craftsmen use ordinary oil paint diluted with linseed oil or turpentine, and a wide brush. When the artist writes out his bouquet, he usually rotates the tray, placing the brush under the desired area.
Shadow shadow is a stage at which shadows are also applied to silhouettes with diluted paint to create primary volume.
The laying stage is the most important in painting. It is here that the drawing is given volume, accents and highlights are applied using the whitewash method. Details are being specified.
At the stage of glare, light glares are applied, the image appears to be illuminated from different sides by several light sources.
At the drawing stage, with a very thin brush using black paint, important small elements of the drawing are made: denticles along the edges of the leaf, its veins, seeds in the center of the flower.
The anchoring stage is necessary for attaching the picture to the base, background. This is done by drawing connecting elements: antennae, twigs, etc.
The last stage - cleaning - is designed to decorate the sides of the tray. The ornament is applied with gold powder diluted in transparent varnish or turpentine. This powder is called "melted" gold. Or painted with white paint mixed with varnish - gulfabra. Sprinkle the gulfabra on top with aluminum powder. Sometimes the sides are painted with the so-called wreath - an ornament with the inclusion of flowers.

The complexity of the Zhostovo painting lies in the fact that the applied drawing does not allow any corrections and is done immediately and with great precision. Each craftsman uses his own special techniques in creating a product. He writes not from nature, not according to pre-worked samples, but on a whim. Fantasy and imagination make each piece unique and unique. As a rule, the master creates several products at the same time.

Zhostov's motives

Zhostovo trays are very elegant and festive. For centuries, a circle of themes and motives of painting has been formed very vividly and figuratively reflects the traditions and soul of the Russian people.

The main motives of the Zhostovo painting are:

Bouquets of garden and meadow flowers.
Plant motives.
Floral ornaments.
Flowerpots.
Fairy lights.
Scenes of folk festivals.
Landscapes.
Still lifes.
Scenes of folk life.
Scenes of folk weddings.
Scenes with tea drinking.

The most popular image is a troika of horses racing at full speed, harnessed to a sleigh and surrounded by flowers.

Studying the content of the plots and samples of paintings, you can learn a lot about the history and life of the Russian people. It is interesting that during the years of the Great Patriotic War all the metal in the country was used to make weapons. Therefore, the Zhostovo craftsmen painted cans of canned food, children's metal buckets. Toy buckets were also melted down and made into a base for trays.

Bouquet compositions. Compilation principles

Bouquets in Russian Zhostovo painting decorate the centerpiece, or the middle part of the tray, its bottom. Usually the basis of the bouquet is 3-4 large garden flower: peony, dahlia, rose, tulip, etc. Small field and garden flowers and buds, such as pansies, forget-me-nots, etc., are "injected" into the canvas of the bouquet. Flexible stems and twigs with leaves are connected to each other - the so-called "grass". On special occasions, bouquets include fruits and berries, decorate them with birds and butterflies. As a rule, one or more large flowers are located in the center of the composition. According to the Zhostovo tradition, large flowers always have a pink glow.

Small buds become very pale, and against their background, large bright inflorescences stand out in relief from the plane of the dish. Squirrel brushes are used to draw flowers. They are chosen very carefully, since hairs cannot be trimmed.

The margins or sides of the tray are also painted. But bouquet elements are not used in their design. Traditionally, the field is decorated with a golden floral ornament in the form of intricate interweaving of stems and leaves - the so-called "grass".

According to the tradition that came to Zhostovo art from Fedoskino's paintings, the background or individual elements can be covered with mother-of-pearl. Such products look very sophisticated. Elements of Gzhel and Khokhloma in the Zhostovo painting can also be found, for example, "grass".

Zhostov's business cards

Zhostovo trays are one of the trademarks of the trade. In order for the main pattern to protrude from the depths, reminding us of the reverse perspective, the masters prescribe subtle small inflorescences around.

The second business card is the sign on the tray: an image of the artist's palette, a tulip and a paintbrush. This is a long-standing, historically established hallmark of workshops. The master leaves his autograph next to the mark or in the mark itself. Such a mark began to be allowed only after 1970, and in the old days only a stamp was put on the products with the signature of the owner of the factory.

Another amazing business card of the Zhostovo craft is the so-called "smoked" trays, painted with a remarkable pattern that resembles a cracked surface. This painting technique is called "under the turtle". Why smoked? Because the trays are actually smoked on a candle flame. These are the most rare items of Zhostovo craftsmen. It is known that two of these trays were in the collection of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Zhostovo trays in modern life

IN modern world folk crafts, including Zhostovo, occupy a special place. The range of their areas of use is quite wide: from interior decor elements to elite table setting. In the house or on the dining table, the Zhostovo tray is a bright, elegant accent that gives the atmosphere a positive and joyful mood.

Traditionally, Zhostovo trays can be divided into two main groups: for household use (for samovars, fruits, food, etc.) and for decoration. In everyday life, people lack beauty and aesthetics, environmental problems and problems of lack of communication with nature support the desire to compensate for the shortage at the expense of elements of nature in the works that surround us in everyday life. A special attraction of people is noticed for products decorated with the image of flowers. Apparently, therefore, the fashion for such dishes remains consistently high. Designers use the motives of the Zhostovo painting in the creation of furniture, clothing, and jewelry.

Problems of modern Zhostovo fishing

With all the interest of residents and guests of Russia to the folk art of Zhostovo, it should be noted that the artists have enough problems. The most urgent problem is the falsification of products, sometimes in violation of traditional technologies. Faking imitation of the author's style, plagiarists try to cash in on customers by selling low-quality and non-author's, which means, not a unique product. The quality of such items is extremely low, and the images are primitive and are not included in the "golden fund" of Zhostovo painting compositions.

Learn and teach

How do you learn to create products in the style of Zhostovo painting yourself? It is not difficult, you only need desire, mood and patience. Initially, you need to stock up on the necessary materials and equipment. Now in hardware stores and supermarkets you can find trays, sugar bowls and other household items that are not decorated and may well serve as a basis for painting. And in stores for artistic creation Squirrel brushes in various sizes and oil paints are available, as well as the solvents you need. How to draw a Zhostovo painting and teach it to children? Let's try to figure it out.

The art of Khokhloma and Zhostovo painting is taught to children in the senior and preparatory group kindergarten... This work is not difficult. How do the guys study? A phased Zhostovo painting for children begins with a sketch of a future flower in pencil. The sketch is in the shape of a circle. This blank is for dahlia. The technique used to paint a dahlia flower with paints is called a "double stroke". Two colors are selected. Light paint is drawn on the brush, and darker paint on the tip of the brush. Strokes are applied along the edge of the circle and are performed in a specific sequence. This usually happens from top to bottom and right to left. The second row is performed in the same way, and its petals, as it were, slightly overlap the lower part of the petals of the upper row. Then the middle of the inflorescence is filled in the same way.

Step by step drawing Zhostovo chamomile painting resembles drawing of a dahlia head, and at the same time the technique of "double brushstroke" is also used. With the only difference that the core is drawn first, and the petals are drawn to it in a certain sequence in one row: strictly from above, below, left, right, then the gaps between them are filled evenly.

To draw a clover flower, you must first draw a circle with light pink paint, and then apply strokes of a darker shade, such as fuchsia, inside the circle by dabbing from bottom to top in a fan arrangement. Using also attachment, in green depict the leaves of the calyx under the flower.

After drawing the central buds, the stage of the image begins around the smaller flowers. For painting, for example, forget-me-nots, you can use cotton swabs instead of a brush. They are also depicted using the adhesion technique, but with an end face. A small white dot is placed in the blue circle of the petal with a thin brush. By the way, children are not allowed to use oil paints. They paint with gouache.

Next comes the stage of drawing "grass". The leaves of the stems are also depicted with a double stroke. But their curved ends and curved stems are made by gently twisting the brush counterclockwise. When depicting elongated curved leaves, strokes and twisting can be alternated so that a "zigzag" is obtained. When depicting more round leaves, use the "comma" technique.

Recently interactive lessons and master classes on Zhostovo painting are held in Zhostovo itself, and in many centers additional education for both children and adults. If there is a desire, then nothing is impossible!

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Zhostovo painting coloring book for beginners, picture

Surprising variety and different colors splashing on different surfaces of the trays, the Zhostovo painting creates colorful floral patterns, decorated with subtle details. Delightful roses and scarlet poppies, ordinary daisies and cute cornflowers, voluminous peonies and light asters are combined with unknown, but no less amazing flowers. Birds and butterflies, various berries and fruits look as if they are alive on such light and ordinary products as trays. No matter how much you search, you will not find a single similar tray - each of them stands out in some way! Decide to start, because drawing is easy!

How are colored backgrounds on trays created?

The Zhostovo Factory of Decorative Paintings and Paintings, in addition to trays with a classic black background, creates products with red, blue, green and blue backgrounds. To make them, we apply a thin layer of light varnish on the surface of the tray. While it dries, sprinkle it with bronze or aluminum powder. After this background dries, it is painted with special paints of the desired shade, thanks to this, a bright and saturated, but at the same time with flickering, slightly translucent background is obtained.

Painting on a colored background needs changes, both color features and techniques. So, the highlights are only slightly indicated, and the shadows are slightly drawn.

Artistic painting of Zhostovo trays

Many masters of this craft perform painting with different squirrel brushes and oil paints diluted with ordinary linseed oil. Each master always works on several pieces. To create an ornament, white paint with varnish is used, sprinkled with aluminum powder or the so-called melted gold - diluted in turpentine or transparent varnish, gold powder.

Zhostovo painting is created in two stages: painting and dressing. At the stage of painting, the master paints the main silhouette of the composition with a large brush on the entire surface of the tray. Diluted paints are used to create it. Then, let us dry the tray with our coating for 12 hours in special drying cabinets.

Materials and tools for work

What we need to create such a painting:

Master class on Zhostovo painting

Let's start our master class with the usual steps.

The first step of painting is considered to be painted over. For the Zhostovo technology, paints need to be diluted with whitewash and a little linseed oil added to the mixture. Then apply a drawing on the tray with large strokes. In most cases, the most voluminous buds are placed in the middle of the product, around them are leaves and smaller flowers.
After applying the paint, the product must be left to dry for the paint for 12 hours.
Let's start drawing the shadow, as shown in the photo. This is the application of darker colors to the tips of the petals and leaves to give the illusion of volume.
Then we will highlight the necessary places with whitewash - this step is called a gasket. The product immediately takes on a beautiful appearance.
Further, in turn - creating highlights. This step is called glare.
Our work is coming to an end. Let's make a drawing - with the thinnest brush we write out small details - veins on leaves and petals, stamens, veins. You can use a ruler to make it easier to create strokes.
The images on the Zhostovo tray are always one composition, and not just separately created flowers. To make this integrity, binding is applied - curls and blades of grass, patterns and dots are depicted in the intervals between flowers and leaves. It is this step that makes that popular "Zhostovo" drawing.
Now it remains to decorate the sides of the product. They can simply be outlined with a contrasting line or decorated with floral designs. This step is called "cleaning".
So we have completed the application of the image. As you can see, each step of the Zhostovo painting has its own individual name, and in general, all steps from 5 to 9 are called "bearing".
After drying, the finished tray must be covered with two or three layers of varnish, allowing each layer to dry for two hours. The drying area should be located in a well-ventilated area, while making sure that small specks or, for example, poplar fluff do not stick to the finished product.

Our tray is complete, you can start your tea!

Conclusion.

There are many coloring pages for kids. Coloring pages for children are pictures for coloring, depicting popular trays, flowers, birds, and other elements. Coloring will be very interesting and exciting for children of any age. The drawings seem to be created from the shimmering depths, flashing with colorful bouquets of flowers from large buds and small flowers. With the help of such coloring pages, the child will easily master the technique of zhostovoy painting, and we will be able to paint some product ourselves, for example, a tray.

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Zhostovo painting - drawing for children

If you learn to draw correctly with Zhostovo painting, then the pictures will be obtained very quickly.

So, masters who have mastered this art can arrange more than one tray in one day. The artist immediately works with paint, without preliminary sketches. The master constantly turns the tray, which makes such drawings more lively and mobile.

This painting technique is used to paint wood and metal objects. Zhostovo painting consists of various images of flowers, which are collected in the most beautiful compositions of bouquets.

For children, the lessons of Zhostovo painting are very useful, as they help develop imaginative thinking, an eye, the ability to use a brush and make a variety of strokes. It is almost impossible to learn this in one lesson, since you need a step-by-step study of the technique of performing strokes to depict a particular element.

In this article, you will learn

Where to begin

Zhostovo painting requires preparation necessary tools... A landscape sheet of paper is ideal for teaching. You can practice on wood or metal after you have acquired skills and knowledge. For the first lessons, prepare the following inventory:

album sheets for drawing;
canned gouache;
round squirrel kisses of different thicknesses;
a jar of water;
palette for mixing paints;
soft cloth made of natural fabric for wiping and dipping paints from brushes.

ABC of brush strokes

The first thing that needs to be learned is the strokes that make up the Zhostovo painting. They are different, so each of them requires its own explanation of how it should be done.

Flat smear - begins with the entire pile, which rises sharply from the middle. It is better to use a brush number 6 for it. You need to practice drawing a flat stroke in different directions. If you combine several of these elements, you get a "crown", which is used to depict a flower.
"Droplet" stroke - the brush is placed vertically, pressed to the middle and carried down, draw the second stroke, placing it side by side. The result is a heart that is also used as flower petals.
The “Droplet” stroke is very similar in its technique to the technique of performing a flat stroke, but towards the end its twisted part turns to the left or to the right.
"Zigzag" is actively used when you need to frame a tray or picture. The image begins with the tip of the brush, and as it moves, it goes down to the middle, and then goes in reverse order to the tip. By joining two “zigzags” together, a “stalk” is obtained.

One stroke can depict two colors at once. To do this, the brush is dipped in different colors, and the excess is removed with a cloth. Thus, all of the above strokes are practiced with children.

Practice drawing all the elements and combining them into buds, flowers, leaves.

Features of technology

It should be noted that the vividness of the drawings is given by their non-uniformity. Therefore, when the children learn to depict the main elements, they should be taught how to gradually apply paints to the picture. This will give the image a liveliness.

Zhostovo painting for children takes place in two stages. At the first stage, the so-called "zamalevok" is made. This is a kind of outline where the flowers of the future bouquet will be located. After drying, a "shadow" of the picture is made.

Explain to the children that the dark shades are applied first, and then the lighter shades. This is the whole technique of drawing.

Only after the child succeeds in making the elements of painting accurately and making flower arrangements on paper from them, can you try to paint a tray, mugs, plates and other objects.

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Characteristic signs

In ancient times, gold and silver colors prevailed, now the works have gained bright colors.

Steel is used to make trays. Before starting painting, the product must be prepared for work. Primer is applied to the trays, polished, varnished in black several times. Each layer is dried.

Composition drawing technique

How is such a miracle painted? For painting, they use materials such as oil-based paints, natural brushes, golden paste, a metal tray blank, varnish, linseed oil to correct mistakes, and the accompanying tools - a glass for water, a ruler and a palette for mixing paints.

The first stage of work will be the so-called "Zamalevka"... Wide strokes of the main colors are used, this is the basis for future flowers and leaves.

Then the shadows are drawn with a brown or darker shade, at the same time, on the other side, we highlight with a lighter shade. Photo below.

Here's another photo of color options that you can include in your work. The colors are varied by the master, depending on the wishes. The drawing does not end there, there is still a lot of work, because this type of painting should look voluminous and colorful. In the future, glare, shading on the leaves and on the background, veins and openwork edges are applied. The most important step in work is "pad": dense corpus letter. The forms of the bouquet take on flesh, accentuate, lighten, a contrasting or more harmonious color scheme of the entire composition is realized. With the help of thin strokes, the composition is collected into a single bouquet. The tray at the end of the work is framed with geometric patterns in gold and white paint.

Development area

Stages of product creation

From the beginning to the end of the manufacture of the product, the process of creating the Zhostovo painting goes through a number of stages:

Making a tray oval, octagonal, round, rectangular or combined.
Priming the surface of the workpiece.
Putty of unevenness.
Smoothing the surface of the base to a smooth state.
Coating with varnish.
Painting with oil paints.
Two-layer coating of the product with transparent varnish.

Features of the manufacture of the base

Typically, the base tray is forged by hand from sheet iron, for which good quality roofing steel is used. The sheets are first stamped and then rolled to keep the beads firm. In the production of standard-shaped trays, large iron sheets are cut into pieces of the required shape and size. Then, on an electric press, the tray is "cut" and "pulled out". With the help of molds and a combined stamp, the sides are formed on the future tray. This process is called "flanging" or "rolling".

Stage-by-stage painting of the Zhostovo tray

Here's how it goes:

At the priming stage, a background is selected and applied - the color of the tray. Usually it is black, but there are products with a blue, red, green background. Oil varnish is traditionally used to create a black background. The secret of the varnish is lost, but its base is known - a palm resin from Africa called copal. Thanks to the special varnish composition, the trays were extremely durable. According to the old masters of Zhostovo painting, their products are not afraid of frost or heat and can only be compared with Chinese ones. At the time, this comparison assumed the highest quality of the product.
At the second stage of the Zhostovo painting, an overlay is created - the general silhouettes of the drawing are made with diluted paint and fired in a special oven for several hours. For painting and background, craftsmen use ordinary oil paint diluted with linseed oil or turpentine, and a wide brush. When the artist writes out his bouquet, he usually rotates the tray, placing the brush under the desired area.
Shadow shadow is a stage at which shadows are also applied to silhouettes with diluted paint to create primary volume.
The laying stage is the most important in painting. It is here that the drawing is given volume, accents and highlights are applied using the whitewash method. Details are being specified.
At the stage of glare, light glares are applied, the image appears to be illuminated from different sides by several light sources.
At the drawing stage, with a very thin brush using black paint, important small elements of the drawing are made: denticles along the edges of the leaf, its veins, seeds in the center of the flower.
The anchoring stage is necessary for attaching the picture to the base, background. This is done by drawing connecting elements: antennae, twigs, etc.
The last stage - cleaning - is designed to decorate the sides of the tray. The ornament is applied with gold powder diluted in transparent varnish or turpentine. This powder is called "melted" gold. Or painted with white paint mixed with varnish - gulfabra. Sprinkle the gulfabra on top with aluminum powder. Sometimes the sides are painted with the so-called wreath - an ornament with the inclusion of flowers.

Zhostov's motives

The main motives of the Zhostovo painting are:

Bouquets of garden and meadow flowers.
Plant motives.
Floral ornaments.
Flowerpots.
Fairy lights.
Scenes of folk festivals.
Landscapes.
Still lifes.
Scenes of folk life.
Scenes of folk weddings.
Scenes with tea drinking.

The most popular image is a troika of horses racing at full speed, harnessed to a sleigh and surrounded by flowers.

Studying the content of the plots and samples of paintings, you can learn a lot about the history and life of the Russian people. It is interesting that during the Great Patriotic War, all the metal in the country was used for the manufacture of weapons. Therefore, the Zhostovo craftsmen painted cans of canned food, children's metal buckets. Toy buckets were also melted down and made into a base for trays.

Bouquet compositions. Compilation principles

Bouquets in Russian Zhostovo painting decorate the centerpiece, or the middle part of the tray, its bottom. Usually, the basis of the bouquet is made up of 3-4 large garden flowers: peony, dahlia, rose, tulip, etc. Small field and garden flowers and buds are "injected" into the canvas of the bouquet: pansies, forget-me-nots, etc. They are tied together by flexible stems and twigs with leaves - the so-called "grass". On special occasions, bouquets include fruits and berries, decorate them with birds and butterflies. As a rule, one or more large flowers are located in the center of the composition. According to the Zhostovo tradition, large flowers always have a pink glow.

Zhostov's business cards

Zhostovo trays in modern life

In the modern world, folk crafts, including Zhostovo, occupy a special place. The range of their areas of use is quite wide: from interior decor elements to elite table setting. In the house or on the dining table, the Zhostovo tray is a bright, elegant accent that gives the atmosphere a positive and joyful mood.

Problems of modern Zhostovo fishing

Learn and teach

How do you learn to create products in the style of Zhostovo painting yourself? It is not difficult, you only need desire, mood and patience. Initially, you need to stock up on the necessary materials and equipment. Now in hardware stores and supermarkets you can find trays, sugar bowls and other household items that are not decorated and may well serve as a basis for painting. And in art stores, you can buy squirrel brushes of different sizes and oil paints, as well as the necessary solvents. How to draw a Zhostovo painting and teach it to children? Let's try to figure it out.

The art of Khokhloma and Zhostovo painting is taught to children in the senior and preparatory groups of the kindergarten. This work is not difficult. How do the guys study? A phased Zhostovo painting for children begins with a sketch of a future flower in pencil. The sketch is in the shape of a circle. This blank is for dahlia. The technique used to paint a dahlia flower with paints is called a "double stroke". Two colors are selected. Light paint is drawn on the brush, and darker paint on the tip of the brush. Strokes are applied along the edge of the circle and are performed in a specific sequence. This usually happens from top to bottom and right to left. The second row is performed in the same way, and its petals, as it were, slightly overlap the lower part of the petals of the upper row. Then the middle of the inflorescence is filled in the same way.

The stage-by-stage drawing of the Zhostovo chamomile painting resembles drawing the head of a dahlia, and at the same time the technique of "double brushstroke" is also used. With the only difference that the core is drawn first, and the petals are drawn to it in a certain sequence in one row: strictly from above, below, left, right, then the gaps between them are filled evenly.

To draw a clover flower, you must first draw a circle with light pink paint, and then apply strokes of a darker shade, such as fuchsia, inside the circle by dabbing from bottom to top in a fan arrangement. Using also adhesion, the leaves of the cup under the flower are depicted in green.

Recently, interactive classes and master classes on Zhostovo painting have been held both in Zhostovo itself and in many additional education centers for both children and adults. If there is a desire, then nothing is impossible!

Zhostovo painting is a Russian art craft. Since 1825, craftsmen have decorated wooden and metal trays in a special way, creating complex floral arrangements.

Fishing history

The craft originated in the middle of the 18th century in the Urals, where the largest number of metallurgical plants... In the 19th century, trays were actively produced in the villages of the Moscow province - Zhostovo and Novoseltsevo. In a short time, the local craft has become just colossal in popularity.

Starting in 1920, quite powerful labor artels began to form in different towns. However, ten years later, folk crafts tried to supplant Soviet ideas, which presuppose the assertion of realism.

Only in 1960. artistic painting regained its impressive authority. Leading masters created not only bright and original compositions, but also won over with a special flavor and genuine exclusivity.

Colors of Zhostovo painting

The classic presentation of the picture assumes the presence of a black or red background. More progressive modern concepts allow you to use delicate pastel canvases to create a rich multi-flowered composition.

The Zhostovo factory produces products with a red, blue, green or light blue background. One of the most popular shades is ivory. Less common are "gold" and "aggressive" red canvases.

Canvases with a mother-of-pearl coating look especially exquisite. Overflows can "decorate" both the entire background and individual accents of the composition. Mother-of-pearl inlay was originally used in Fedoskino.

Primary colors

The color palette used by the masters of the Zhostovo artistic profile is more than varied and rich. For the background, the following colors are preferred:

Black(#000000);
Ivory or wheat(# F5DEB3);
Red(# FF0000);
Blue(# 00BFFF);
Azure(# 007FFF);
Yellow(# FFBA00);
Burgundy(#900020);
Gold(# FFD700);
Amber(# FFBF00);
Brown(# 964B00).

To create the drawing itself, you can use absolutely any color. Improvisation with tones and semitones is encouraged.

Elements and patterns of Zhostovo painting

Most often, Zhostovo artists perform simple flower arrangements in the form of bouquets. The pattern is formed from harmoniously connected small flowers and large showy inflorescences, unblown buds and green foliage.

Popular flowers: rose, aster, peony, tulips, dahlias, complemented by thin leaves, buds and stems with small twigs. In addition to garden compositions, artists often depict modest violets, cute lilies of the valley, touching pansies or bindweed.

Along with traditional lilies, immortelles, thyme and daisies, artists loved to depict completely unprecedented outlandish flowers that do not exist in nature. Especially rich bouquets are complemented by fruits and berries. Sometimes in the center or in the background, butterflies and birds can be depicted.

(Zhostovo painting with a plot picture)

In addition to flower arrangements, the Zhostovo masters sometimes drew plot pictures. These are scenes from life ordinary people, various landscapes, luxurious landscape compositions. A popular motif is a troika of horses surrounded by flowers.

The main feature of the painting is the improvisational approach to any drawings. Artists are not at all obliged to create according to strict templates and images, to follow special schemes or nature. Considering the amazing variety of artistic techniques, improvisation base and creative approach, each drawing is truly unique and inimitable.

Execution technique

Traditional painting involves the use of exclusively black linen. For fishing, trays made of metal and wood of various shapes were used: from standard rectangular to complex combined ones.

Let's consider the whole process in stages:

Primer

At the stage of primary priming, the products are treated with a special putty material and sanded. Right now, the master is choosing the background for the base, which then cannot be changed.

Zamaleok

This is the basis of the ornament. With the help of diluted paint, the master forms the silhouettes of all the elements that will be present in the drawing. At this stage, the improvisational component is almost completely absent, and the basis for the future ornament is set strictly according to a previously thought out scheme.

Tenezhka

Shadow shading allows you to make a translucent composition more realistic. Distinct shadows, "highlights" of light and midtones appear. Flowers become voluminous, leaves and stems look more natural.

pad

This is the most crucial stage. The lining layer allows you to give the bouquet the utmost degree of realism, which distinguishes the Zhostovo painting from other artistic crafts. The artist's task is to "clarify" the details, to highlight individual areas. The master sets the tone of contrast or "evens out" the composition through harmonious transitions.

Blikovka

Light and volume are lined up by superimposing highlights. The bouquet, as if it falls under the rays of the sun, begins to glow and shine. Now the composition has a special flavor and mood.

Blueprint

This is a very interesting stage. The task of the master is that with the help of a thin brush and a minimum amount, each element of the picture is drawn, adding realism to it. Seeds appear on the berries, pistils and stamens appear in the flower cups, leaves, grass and stems become voluminous and believable due to lace additions and other complex accents.

(The main stages of painting on a pictorial drawing)

And then...

Binding

At this stage, a complex composition must be "implanted" into the background. For this, the master uses thin stems of "grass", tendrils, ornate elements that add even more volume to the canvas and make the whole composition whole and complete.

To make the product look finished, and the style is fully consistent with generally accepted canons, craftsmen resort to "cleaning". This is the decoration of the side of the tray with various geometric lines, floral patterns, flower wreaths. The edging can be very modest, only slightly emphasizing the frame, and very rich, not inferior in its magnificence to the central figures of the composition.

Stages of drawing the Zhostovo painting. Zhostovo painting. How to draw for children in stages. Materials and tools for work

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Blueprint

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