Equipment resource management at npp CHP. Monitoring, diagnostics and management of the residual resource of the high-voltage power equipment complex. Recommended list of dissertations

17 november

Rostechnadzor order of 15.10.2015 N 410

“On approval of federal norms and rules in the field of atomic energy use“ Requirements for resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants. Basic provisions "

Registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia 11.11.2015 N 39666.

Requirements for resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants were approved.

The adopted rules apply to all units of equipment and pipelines classified in the design of a nuclear power plant unit (NPP) as elements of hazard class 1; all units of equipment of single and small-scale production and reference units of pipelines and NPP equipment classified in the NPP unit design as elements of safety class 2; separate units of pipelines and equipment classified in the NPP unit design as elements of the 3rd safety class in the manner established by the operating organization of the power plant in agreement with the developer of the reactor plant and NPP designs.

The order establishes:

• preparatory measures for managing the resource of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants in the course of design and construction;
• resource management in the production of equipment and pipelines for nuclear power plants and the construction of nuclear power plants;
• resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants at the stage of operation of a nuclear power plant;
• resource management at the stage of extended service life of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants;
• resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants during decommissioning of a nuclear power plant unit.

The appendices to the order contain the main terms and definitions used in the rules, as well as a scheme for managing the resource of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants at the stage of operation.

The review was prepared by the specialists of the Consultant Plus company and provided by the ConsultantPlus Sverdlovsk Region, the information center of the ConsultantPlus Network in Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk Region

One of the most important problems arising in the creation of smart energy systems Smart Grid, is the need for operational diagnostics of the state of the entire complex of power equipment and planning of service and maintenance.

In contrast to the standard setting in the structure Smart grid it is supposed to use an extended objective function for the operation of such a system. This target function of the diagnostic monitoring system includes several new concepts.

Determination of the technical condition of a whole group of electrical equipment connected in a single technological chain for production, transmission or distribution electrical energy... Such technological chains are usually concentrated at the nodes of the power system. In this case, the most important diagnostic term is not the concept of the technical state of each electrical device, but the concept of "the weak link of the entire technological chain." It is the knowledge of the equipment with the smallest residual resource that makes it possible to minimize the costs of maintaining the operability of the equipment complex, no matter what theories of equipment life management are used. It is this information that will make it possible to correctly calculate the risks of equipment failure, optimizing the ratio between costs and possible losses.

Determination of the technical condition (residual life) of the transit route of electrical energy between the nodes of the power system. Various equipment can be included in the transit route, but usually it is a combination of overhead and cable lines, supplemented by appropriate transformers. Here, too, it is very important to know the “weak link”, which needs priority investment of material resources intended for repair and modernization. To assess the technical condition of transit routes, it is important to understand the ratio of the residual resource and the bearing capacity of the electrical energy transmission chain. Quite often, with a low load, it is possible to operate a transit chain with practically no material investment, while an increase in the load of the lines usually requires increased operating costs. Here, the most important parameter is not just the technical condition of the lines, but the potential of these lines to transmit a given amount of energy.

The "upper level" of the diagnostic systems in the Smart Grid structure is a certain vector matrix of technological capabilities of power system nodes and transit routes. Each vector of this matrix comprehensively describes the technological state of some part of the Smart Grid, node or transit route, characterizing both its residual resource and its potential technological load. It is clear that these parameters are related to each other and together give some complex surface that describes the technological capabilities of the Smart Grid element. Knowing the technological state of all Smart Grid elements, it is possible to draw up ways to provide energy to all consumers, minimizing both operating costs and the cost of possible risks arising from the complex operation of the entire system. Here, it is important to correctly sum the vectors of the state of transit and energy conversion paths, from the point of generation to the point of consumption, in order to obtain the optimal path (paths).

Basic concepts and definitions

The most important parameter by which you can most accurately describe the current technical condition of electrical equipment is the concept of residual resource. This is the simplest and at the same time the most complex concept in the theory of equipment life management. The point is that each area of ​​knowledge, even each specialist, defines this term in their own way.

In this work, we will not touch on this issue, just as we will not discuss the problems of methods and accuracy in determining the residual resource. This is the subject of a separate and serious discussion. We will assume that we have managed to determine the residual resource of the equipment and do it with the help of the expert part of the monitoring systems, and quite correctly and accurately.

The value of the residual resource, determined by the diagnostic monitoring system at the current moment, will change in the course of further operation of the equipment, usually decrease (Fig. 1).

In the formula describing the change in the residual resource, all the influence parameters can be summarized in two generalized coefficients:

- k 1 (t) - the sum of technical and technological processes in the equipment, leading to a decrease in the residual life of electrical equipment;

- k 2 ( f) - the sum of technical and financial impacts on the equipment, leading to an increase in its residual resource.

From the above formula (see Fig. 1) it is clearly seen that to manage the residual resource, it is necessary to use the second term, which slows down the decrease, and maybe even increases the value of the residual resource during operation. Correct change of the second term in the formula makes it possible to achieve the necessary law of change in the residual resource, makes it possible to control the life of the equipment.

An ideal approach to managing the residual resource of an individual unit is to use its mathematical description, which is a multi-parameter vector, each projection of which reflects one or another side of the technical state of high-voltage equipment, or the control action on it.

The minimum allowable value of the residual resource, below which it should not fall during operation, can be determined using two analytical models.

1. The value of the minimum value of the residual resource, determined from the condition of the equipment performing the passport technical functions, determined with a given reliability factor. This parameter can be denoted "TMR" - "Technical Minimum of Recourse".

2. The value of the minimum value of the residual resource, determined from the condition of minimizing the financial risks of operating the equipment, taking into account the possible costs of eliminating the consequences of an emergency shutdown of the equipment. This parameter can be denoted "FMR" - "Financial Minimum of Recourse".

We will not deal with the comparison of these parameters, this is a very large and complex question. Let's just say one thing, the "TMR" parameter is more acceptable for us than "FMR" due to its simplicity and "comprehensibility".

Analysis of the residual life of electrical equipment complexes

Let us turn to the issue of assessing the residual life of electrical equipment complexes. Let us consider, for example, the features of optimal control of the residual resource of the high-voltage circuit of the power unit of the station, consisting of a generator Gen, a transformer Tg-g, and a switch Vg-g. All these three objects had different residual life at the time of diagnostics. The diagnostic monitoring systems installed at each facility not only determined the value of this parameter, but also predicted various laws of change in the residual resources of individual units.

What are the costs for which facilities, minimum in volume, are needed to maintain a given residual resource of the entire unit, the entire technological chain? With this amount of expert information, it can be determined quite simply.

O optimal terms and volumes of targeted financial investments necessary to ensure the required reserve for the residual resource of the power unit elements of the station. These financial resources must ensure the stable operation of the equipment for a given period of time.

Financial costs, approximately in the middle of the forecast period of operation, are primarily required for the maintenance of the block transformer. It is the residual life of the transformer that will be the first to fall below the line of the minimum admissible residual resource. In the future, it will be necessary to work with the generator, and at the last stage of operation, it is necessary to work with the switch. From the point of view of the volume of costs, the largest investment is needed in the generator in maintaining its residual resource at the required level.

It is quite obvious that with the help of such a targeted approach, it is possible to significantly optimize the costs of maintaining the residual resource of electrical equipment included in the overall technological chain. At the same time, economic costs will be strictly directed and optimal in terms of their volume.

The residual resource of each variant of the transit path is determined by the “weak link” selected from the resource values ​​of nodes and power transmission lines.

This also makes it possible to purposefully manage the residual resource of the entire track, proceeding from the minimum economic costs and ensuring the maximum reliability of the transit operation.

Energy transit routes from one point to another are usually invariant - this significantly increases the complexity of the formation of a financial investment management model. However, in some cases, this also makes it possible to minimize costs by making optimal use of already available resources.

Obviously, in the joint analysis of several transit routes, it is necessary to take into account in a comprehensive manner that the investment of funds intended to maintain the residual resource of the equipment is related to its planned load. This is another “projection” of the complex vector of the equipment residual life.

Examples of diagnostic monitoring systems for Smart Grid

Not all diagnostic systems, referred to by the developers as "power equipment monitoring systems", can be used in the implementation of the concept Smart Grid. They must meet specific technical and algorithmic requirements.

The result of the operation of diagnostic monitoring systems should be a specific conclusion on the technical state of the controlled object, on the value of the residual resource, and not a set of numbers and graphs, no matter how detailed it is.

Summary information from individual systems should be easily aggregated into a higher level conclusion. For this, all systems must have the same ideological concept, that is, supplied by one manufacturer or one integrator.

The cost (supply) of each individual monitoring subsystem should be moderate, no more than 2 - 3% of the cost of the monitored equipment. Implementation of more expensive systems for Smart Grid is unlikely.

By DIMRUS recently developed, tested and serially produced 16 types of diagnostic monitoring systems, covering almost a full range of high-voltage equipment. Let us consider a list of these systems in relation to the types of high-voltage equipment, briefly indicating the features of the application of each system.

A.P. Livinsky
(JSC "RAO" UES of Russia "", Russia)

The electric power industry, being the basic branch of the Russian economy, provides the domestic needs of the national economy and the population for electricity, as well as the export of electricity to the CIS countries and far abroad.

In order to maximize the efficient use of natural fuel and energy resources and the potential of the energy sector for long-term, stable supply of the country's economy and population with all types of energy, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period until 2020, which provides for:

Reliable power supply of the economy and population of the country with electricity;

Preservation of the integrity and development of the Unified Energy System of the country, its integration with other energy associations on the Eurasian continent;

Improving the efficiency of functioning and ensuring sustainable development of the electric power industry on the basis of new, modern technologies;

Reducing harmful effects on the environment.

In the current version of the Energy Strategy, more moderate levels of electricity consumption were adopted, the pace of development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources, primarily hydropower, was adopted,
more realistic commissioning of generating capacities and corresponding investments.

In a favorable scenario, the development of the electric power industry in Russia is focused on a scenario that assumes the accelerated implementation of socio-economic reforms with the growth rate of gross domestic product production up to 5-6% per year and a corresponding steady growth in electricity consumption of 2.0-2.5% per year (Fig. . one). As a result, electricity consumption will reach 1290 in the optimistic scenario by 2020, and 1145 billion kWh in the moderate one.

Taking into account the projected volumes of demand for electricity in the optimistic scenario, the total production (Fig. 2) will increase in comparison with the reporting year 2002 by 1.2 times by 2010 (up to 1,070 billion kWh) and more than 1.5 times
by 2020 (up to 1365 billion kWh); with a moderate version of economic development, respectively, by 1.14 (up to 1015 billion kWh) and 1.36 times (up to 1215 billion kWh).

Rice. 1. Forecast of electricity consumption levels in accordance with the Energy Strategy
Russia for the period up to 2020

Rice. 2. Electricity production at power plants in Russia (with moderate and optimistic options)

Rice. 3. Installed capacity of power plants in Russia (with moderate and optimistic options)

Production potential electric power industry of Russia (Fig. 3) currently consists of power plants with a total installed capacity of about
215 million kW, including nuclear power plants - 22 and hydroelectric power plants - 44 million kW, the rest - heat power engineering and power transmission lines of all voltage classes with a total length of 2.5 million km. More than 90% of this potential is united in the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia, which covers the entire inhabited territory of the country from the western borders to the Far East.

According to the adopted Energy Strategy in the structure of generating capacities significant changes will not happen: thermal power plants will remain the backbone of the electric power industry; their share will remain at the level of 66-67%, nuclear power plants - 14%, the share of hydroelectric power plants will practically not change (20%).

At present, the main share (about 70%) in the structure of generating capacities falls on thermal power plants operating on fossil fuels (Fig. 4). The capacity of the TPP as of 01.01.2003 was about 147 million kW. Almost 80% of the generating capacities of thermal power plants in the European part of Russia (including the Urals) run on gas and fuel oil. In the eastern part of Russia, more than 80% are coal-fired. In Russia, there are 36 thermal power plants with a capacity of 1000 MW and more, including 13 with a capacity of 2000 MW and more. The capacity of the largest thermal power plant in Russia - Surgutskaya GRES-2 - is 4800 MW.

Large power units are widely used in thermal power plants
150-1200 MW. The total number of such power units is 233 with a total capacity of about 65,000 MW.

A significant proportion of thermal power plants (about 50% of the capacity) are CHPs, which are distributed throughout the country.

The main part (more than 80%) of TPP equipment (boilers, turbines, generators) was put into operation in the period from 1960 to 1985 and by now has worked from 20 to 45 years (Fig. 5). Therefore, the aging of power equipment is becoming a key problem in the modern electric power industry, which will only get worse in the future.

Starting from 2005, there will be an increase in the volume of turbine equipment that has exhausted its park resource (Fig. 6). So, by 2010, 102 million kW (43%) of the currently operating equipment of TPPs and HPPs will have exhausted its park resource, and by 2020 - 144 million kW, which will be more than 50% of the installed capacity.

Decommissioning of turbine equipment that generates a park resource in the context of projected demand for electricity and capacity will lead to a capacity deficit of 70 GW at the 2005 level (30% of demand), which by 2010 will already be 124 GW (50% of demand) and by 2020 - 211 GW (75% of capacity demand) (Fig. 7).

Rice. 5. Age structure of installed turbine equipment at TPPs in Russia

Rice. 6. Forecast of the volume of turbine equipment working out the park resource

Rice. 7. Dynamics of power balance in Russia

Rice. 8. The main directions of coverage of the projected power deficit

Providing an increase in the demand for generating capacity is possible due to the following main measures:

² extending the life of existing hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants and a significant number of thermal power plants with the replacement of only the main units and parts;

² completion of facilities that are in a high degree of readiness;

- construction of new facilities in scarce regions;

² modernization and technical re-equipment of TPPs using new, promising technical solutions.

To ensure the predicted levels of electricity and heat consumption in the optimistic and favorable options, the commissioning of generating capacities at power plants in Russia (taking into account the need to replace and modernize equipment that has worn out its service life) for the period 2003-2020. estimated at about 177 million kW (Fig. 9), including at HPP and PSP - 11.2, at NPP - 23, at TPP - 143 (of which CCGT and GTU - 37 million kW), including new commissioning generating capacities - about 131.6 GW, the volume of replacement of worn-out equipment due to its technical re-equipment - 45.4 GW.

1 State of the art the theory of forecasting and evaluating the reliability characteristics of NPP equipment.

1.1 Equipment resource management for NPP CHP: conceptual approach.

1.2 Operational reliability of the secondary circuit elements.

1.2.1 General characteristics of the secondary circuit equipment.

1.2.2 Operational reliability of the condenser.

1.2.3 Operational reliability of HDPE and LDPE.

1.2.4 Steam generator operational reliability.

1.3 Statistical and physico-statistical approaches to assessing the resource of equipment.

1.4 Analysis of resource management methods.

1.5 Conclusions on the first chapter.

2 Forecasting the service life of an NPP power unit.

2.1 Analysis of methodological and guidance materials for assessing the technical condition and residual life of NPP electronic components.

2.2 The problem of level optimization for detecting a disorder in an observable random process.

2.3 Problems of safety and development of the nuclear power industry in Russia.

2.4 Development of an economic criterion.

2.5 Markov model of exploitation.

2.6 Conclusions on the second chapter.

3 Prediction of the service life of the secondary circuit equipment by methods of summing up damages.

3.1 Criteria of the limiting state and models of damage accumulation in the material of the secondary circuit equipment.

3.2 Development of a droplet impact erosion model.

3.3 Calculation of reliability characteristics of steam-water equipment

NPP in conditions of droplet impact erosion.

3.4 Model of linear summation of damages in SG heat-exchange tubes.

3.5 Nonlinear damage summation model.

3.6 Influence of the accuracy of measuring the main indicators of the water-chemical regime on the calculation results.

3.7 Conclusions on the third chapter.

4 Forecasting the service life of steam generator heat exchangers using the Kalman linear stochastic filtration method.

4.1 Analysis of operational data and problem statement.

4.2 Construction of the Kalman filter for predicting the GHG resource based on the damage summation model.

4.3 Algorithm of the Kalman filter for the process of crack growth in the HTTFC.

4.4 The principle of constructing an optimal algorithm for managing the resource of SG tubulars based on the Kalman filter.

4.5 Conclusions on the fourth chapter.

5 Development of a method for optimizing the volumes and frequency of control of NPP equipment elements subject to erosion-corrosive wear.

5.1 The problem of ECI of NPP equipment.

5.2 Method for forecasting FAC.

5.3 Model of the ECI process.

5.4 Developed algorithms for processing primary control data.

5.5 Results of processing the data of primary control on

5.6 Results of processing the data of primary control on

5.7 Results of processing the primary control data at BLKNPP.

5.8. Results of processing primary control data at KolNPP.

5.9 To substantiate the method for calculating the permissible wall thicknesses.

5.10 Conclusions on the fifth chapter.

6 Neural network model for assessing and predicting the performance of elements of equipment of nuclear power plants subject to erosion-corrosive wear.

6.1 Review of methods for predicting the intensity of FAC.

6.2 Justification of the use of the apparatus of neural networks to predict the intensity of the FAC process.

6.3 Learning algorithms and models of neural networks.

6.4 Conceptual diagram of an intelligent system for the task of forecasting ECI.

6.5 Conclusions on section 6.

Recommended list of dissertations

• Life management of the elements of the condensate feed path of VVER power units based on the analysis of operational data 2007, Candidate of Technical Sciences Kornienko, Konstantin Arnoldovich

• Forecasting the resource and reliability of heat exchange equipment of power plants 2008, Candidate of Technical Sciences Deriy, Vladimir Petrovich

• Diagnostics and control of erosion-corrosion wear of pipelines and heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants 2000, Candidate of Technical Sciences Nemytov, Sergei Alexandrovich

• Systematization and development of models for predicting the resource of equipment of power units of nuclear power plants 2004, candidate of technical sciences Zhiganshin, Akhmet Abbyasovich

• Increasing the reliability and service life of power equipment operating in two-phase and multicomponent flows 2003, Doctor of Technical Sciences Tomarov, Grigory Valentinovich

Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) on the topic "Physical and statistical models of resource management of equipment of the secondary circuit of nuclear power plants"

Similar dissertations in the specialty "Nuclear power plants, including design, operation and decommissioning", 05.14.03 code VAK

• Investigation of the erosion-corrosion resistance of the elements of the steam-water path of waste-heat boilers of steam-gas plants and the development of methods for its increase 2010, Candidate of Technical Sciences Mikhailov, Anton Valerievich

• Characteristic features of the computational substantiation of the strength of structural elements of nuclear reactors at the stage of operation and during the creation of new installations 2007, Doctor of Technical Sciences Sergeeva, Lyudmila Vasilievna

• Modernization and reconstruction of steam generator systems of NPP with VVER to improve reliability 2009, Candidate of Technical Sciences Berezanin, Anatoly Anatolyevich

• Methodology for monitoring the residual life of equipment and pipelines of VVER reactors using an automated system 2012, Doctor of Technical Sciences Bogachev, Anatoly Viktorovich

• Automation of modeling of droplet impact erosion of blades of humid steam turbines 2002, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Dergachev, Konstantin Vladimirovich

Conclusion of the thesis on the topic "Nuclear Power Plants, Including Design, Operation and Decommissioning", Gulina, Olga Mikhailovna

List of dissertation research literature Doctor of Technical Sciences Gulina, Olga Mikhailovna, 2009

Please note that the above scientific texts are posted for information and received through recognition original texts theses (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.

FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL, TECHNOLOGICAL SERVICE
AND ATOMIC SUPERVISION

ON APPROVAL OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND RULES
ENERGY "REQUIREMENTS
MANAGEMENT

In accordance with Article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1995 N 170-FZ "On the Use of Atomic Energy" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, N 48, Art. 4552; 1997, N 7, Art. 808; 2001, N 29, Art.2949; 2002, No. 1, Art. 2; No. 13, Art. 1180; 2003, No. 46, Art. 4436; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2006, No. 52, Art. 5498; 2007 , No. 7, Article 834; No. 49, Article 6079; 2008, No. 29, Article 3418; No. 30, Article 3616; 2009, No. 1, Article 17; No. 52, Article 6450; 2011, No. 29 4281; N 30, Art 4590, Art 4596; N 45, Art 6333; N 48, Art 6732; N 49, Art 7025; 2012, N 26, Art 3446; 2013, N 27 , art. 3451), subparagraph 5.2.2.1 of paragraph 5 of the Regulation on Federal Service on environmental, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 N 401 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 32, Art. 3348; 2006, N 5, Art. 544; N 23, Art. 2527; N 52 , Art.5587; 2008, N 22, Art.2581; N 46, Art.5337; 2009, N 6, Art.738; N 33, Art.4081; N 49, Art.5976; 2010, N 9, Art 960; N 26, Art. 3350; N 38, Art. 4835; 2011, N 6, Art. 888; N 14, Art. 1935; N 41, Art. 5750; N 50, Art. 7385; 2012, N 29, Art.4123; N 42, Art 5726; 2013, N 12, Art 1343; N 45, Art 5822; 2014, N 2, Art 108; N 35, Art 4773; 2015, N 2, Art.491; N 4, Art.661), I order:
To approve the attached federal norms and rules in the field of the use of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants by the atomic resource. Basic Provisions "(NP-096-15).

Supervisor
A. V. Aleshin

Approved
by order of the Federal Service
on environmental, technological
and atomic supervision
dated October 15, 2015 N 410

FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND REGULATIONS

TO EQUIPMENT AND PIPELINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NUCLEAR PLANTS. BASIC PROVISIONS "
(NP-096-15)

I. Purpose and scope

1. These federal norms and rules in the field of atomic energy use "Requirements for the resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants. Basic provisions" (NP-096-15) (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Provisions) were developed in accordance with Article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21 1995 N 170-FZ "On the Use of Atomic Energy" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, N 48, Art. 4552; 1997, N 7, Art. 808; 2001, N 29, Art. 2949; 2002, N 1 , Art.2; N 13, Art.1180; 2003, N 46, Art.4436; 2004, N 35, Art.3607; 2006, N 52, Art.5498; 2007, N 7, Art.834; N 49 , Art. 6079; 2008, N 29, Art. 3418; N 30, Art. 3616; 2009, N 1, Art. 17; N 52, Art. 6450; 2011, N 29, Art. 4281; N 30, Art. 4590, art. 4596; N 45, art. 6333; N 48, art. 6732; N 49, art. 7025; 2012, N 26, art. 3446; 2013, N 27, art. 3451), by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 1, 1997 N 1511 "On approval of the Regulations on the development and approval of federal norms and rules in the field of the use of nuclear power energy "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 49, Art. 5600; 1999, N 27, Art. 3380; 2000, N 28, Art. 2981; 2002, N 4, Art. 325; 44, Art. 4392; 2003, No. 40, Art. 3899; 2005, N 23, Art. 2278; 2006, N 50, Art. 5346; 2007, N 14, Art. 1692; 46, Art. 5583; 2008, N 15, Art. 1549; 2012, N 51, Art. 7203).
2. These Basic Provisions establish requirements for the resource management of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants classified in the designs of nuclear power plants (hereinafter referred to as NPPs) in accordance with federal norms and rules in the field of atomic energy use to elements of 1, 2 and 3 safety classes.
3. These Basic Provisions are applied in the design, construction, production, construction (including installation, adjustment, commissioning), operation (including when extending the service life), reconstruction (modernization), repair and decommissioning of the NPP unit.
4. The terms and definitions used are given in Appendix No. 1 to these Basic Provisions.

II. General Provisions

5. These Basic Provisions apply to the resource management of the following NPP equipment and pipelines:
all units of equipment and pipelines classified in the NPP unit design as safety class 1 elements;
all units of equipment of single and small-scale production and reference units of pipelines and NPP equipment classified in the NPP unit design as elements of safety class 2;
separate units of equipment and pipelines classified in the NPP unit design as elements of the 3rd safety class, in the manner established by the operating organization in agreement with the developers of the projects of reactor plants (hereinafter - RU) and NPP.
6. In the design of the NPP unit for equipment and pipelines, their service life should be justified and assigned.
7. The design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines shall establish and justify the resource characteristics and criteria for assessing the resource. For NPP equipment and pipelines designed before the introduction of these Basic Provisions, as well as in cases of termination of the activities of the equipment or pipelines developer, the justification and establishment of the service life of the NPP equipment and pipelines must be performed by the operating organization.
8. Life management of NPP equipment and pipelines should be based on:
a) compliance with the requirements of federal norms and rules in the field of the use of atomic energy, regulatory and governing documents, instructions for the manufacture, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and repair, assessment of the technical condition and residual life of NPP equipment and pipelines;
b) maintaining the NPP equipment and pipelines in good (operable) condition by timely detection of damage, implementation of preventive measures (inspections, repairs), replacement of worn out NPP equipment and pipelines;
c) the establishment of mechanisms for the formation and development of defects that can lead to the destruction or failure of equipment and pipelines of the nuclear power plant;
d) identifying the dominant (determining) mechanisms of aging, degradation and damage to NPP equipment and pipelines;
e) continuous improvement of monitoring of aging processes, degradation and damage to NPP equipment and pipelines;
f) the results of monitoring the technical condition and assessing the depleted and residual life of NPP equipment and pipelines based on the monitoring results;
g) mitigation (weakening) of aging processes, degradation and damage to equipment and pipelines through maintenance, repair, modernization, use of sparing modes of operation, replacement (when the resource is exhausted and the repair is impossible or inexpedient);
h) development and updating of the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program.
9. The operating organization shall ensure the development and agreement with the developers of the reactor plant and NPP projects of the program for managing the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines at the stage of their operation and carry out its implementation.
10. The program for managing the resource of equipment and pipelines based on the criteria for assessing the resource established by design (design) organizations should be focused on preventing damage to equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants due to degradation and negative effects of aging of structural materials and the structures themselves during their operation.
11. The NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program must contain:
a) a list of NPP equipment and pipelines, the resource of which is subject to control, and the resource characteristics to be monitored, indicating the monitored parameters for each piece of equipment and pipelines;
b) methods for monitoring the processes of damage accumulation in materials and structural elements of NPP equipment and pipelines due to aging, corrosion, fatigue, radiation, temperature, mechanical and other influences affecting the mechanisms of aging, degradation and failures of NPP equipment and pipelines;
c) the procedure for taking into account the technical condition of NPP equipment and pipelines, the actual characteristics of materials, loading parameters and operating conditions, and the procedure for adjusting the working programs for in-service monitoring of the technical condition of NPP equipment and pipelines;
d) the procedure for the adoption and implementation of measures aimed at eliminating or mitigating damaging factors;
e) the procedure for accounting for the exhausted and assessing the residual resource of the equipment and pipelines of the nuclear power plant;
f) the procedure for adjusting the maintenance and repair schedule (hereinafter - MRO) in order to prevent irreversible manifestations of aging and degradation mechanisms of NPP equipment and pipelines.
12. Work programs for operational non-destructive testing of the state of metal of NPP equipment and pipelines and regulations for maintenance and repair of NPP equipment and pipelines should take into account the provisions of the program for managing the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines.
13. The operating organization must ensure the collection, processing, analysis, systematization and storage of information during the entire service life of equipment and pipelines and maintain a database on damages, their accumulation and development, aging mechanisms, failures and malfunctions, as well as operating modes including transient modes and emergency situations, in accordance with the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program.

III. Preparatory activities for management
resource of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants
in design and construction

14. At the design and construction stage of NPP equipment and pipelines, NPP and RI project developers should develop a methodology for managing the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines in the form of a set of organizational and technical measures based on predicting damage mechanisms for structural materials of NPP equipment and pipelines, monitoring resource characteristics, and identification of the dominant aging and degradation mechanisms at the operation stage, periodic assessment of the actual state of NPP equipment and pipelines and their residual resource, corrective measures to eliminate or weaken the aging and degradation mechanisms, formulation of requirements for databases that ensure the implementation of the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program.
15. The design (design) organizations should provide for measures and means to maintain the values ​​of the resource characteristics within the limits ensuring the assigned service life of the NPP equipment and pipelines.
16. When choosing materials for NPP equipment and pipelines, the mechanisms of damage and degradation of materials should be taken into account (low and high cycle fatigue, general and local corrosion, intergranular and transcrystalline cracking, embrittlement, thermal aging, deformation and radiation damage, erosion, wear, change in physical properties ), the manifestation of which is possible during the design life of the NPP equipment and pipelines, and for non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines - during the NPP operation life.
17. In cases where non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines are to function during NPP decommissioning, damage mechanisms during the period of time including NPP decommissioning should be additionally taken into account. The residual life of such NPP equipment and pipelines must be sufficient to ensure NPP decommissioning.
18. For newly designed NPPs, the design (design) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines shall define a list of non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines, methods and means for monitoring parameters and processes that affect the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines.
19. For NPP equipment and pipelines of newly designed NPP units, the design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines must contain:
a) a list of design modes, including normal operation modes (start-up, stationary mode, change in reactor power, shutdown), modes of abnormal operation and design basis accidents;
b) the estimated number of repetitions of all design modes for the assigned service life of the NPP equipment and pipelines;
c) operating conditions and loads on NPP equipment and pipelines;
d) a list of potential mechanisms of damage and degradation of materials for NPP equipment and pipelines that can affect their performance during operation (low and high cycle fatigue, general and local corrosion, intergranular and transcrystalline cracking, embrittlement under the influence of temperature, neutron or ionizing radiation, thermal aging, creep, deformation damage, erosion, wear, formation and growth of cracks, taking into account the influence of the environment and creep, change in physical properties);
e) results of calculations of strength and service life of NPP equipment and pipelines, justification of their service life. The resource of non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines must be provided for the service life of the NPP unit and for the period of decommissioning of the NPP unit.
20. The design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines should take into account the accumulated experience of NPP units operation, as well as the experience in manufacturing, installation, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of NPP equipment and pipelines and the results of scientific research.
21. For newly designed NPP units, the design (design) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines shall provide for systems and (or) methods for monitoring the necessary parameters that determine the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines throughout their service life, from the following list:
temperature;
the rate of warming up or cooling down;
temperature gradients along the wall thickness;
pressure and rate of increase or release of pressure of the coolant or working media;
vibration characteristics;
temperature and humidity in the room where the equipment and (or) pipelines are located;
light intensity;
oxidation state of the lubricant;
flow rate of the coolant or working media;
number of loading cycles;
changes in wall thickness;
radiation exposure;
the intensity of the electromagnetic field at the locations of equipment and (or) pipelines;
displacement of control points of NPP equipment and pipelines during warming up or cooling down, as well as during external and (or) internal influences;
characteristics of external influences;
output signals of electronic units.
For NPPs under construction and in operation, a procedure should be established for retrofitting NPP equipment and pipelines with systems and (or) methods for monitoring the required parameters from the above list.
22. The wall thicknesses of NPP equipment and pipelines set during the design process should take into account the processes of corrosion, erosion, wear and tear occurring during operation, as well as the results of predicting changes in the mechanical characteristics of materials due to aging by the end of the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines.
23. The design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines should provide for the possibility of their inspection, maintenance, repair, periodic monitoring and replacement (except for non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines) during operation.
24. The design and layout of NPP equipment and pipelines should not interfere with the implementation of control, inspections, tests, sampling in order to confirm the predicted values ​​and rates of changes in resource characteristics associated with the aging mechanisms and degradation of structural materials during the operation of NPP equipment and pipelines.
25. Design (design) organizations should develop methods for assessing and predicting the residual life of NPP equipment and pipelines. RI and NPP designs should provide for methods and technical means of operational control and diagnostics of the condition of NPP equipment and pipelines, maintenance and repairs, allowing timely detection of aging and degradation mechanisms of structural materials during operation.
26. For the NPP designed and constructed, the resource characteristics and the methodology for managing the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines should be reflected in the design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines and safety analysis reports.

IV. Manufacturing resource management
equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants and structures
nuclear power plants

27. During the production, transportation, storage and installation of NPP equipment and pipelines or their component parts enterprises - manufacturers of NPP equipment and pipelines and installation organizations must immediately provide the operating organization with data that can affect the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines, including:
on the presence or absence of deviations from the design (project) documentation for NPP equipment and pipelines and their manufacturing technology (if there are deviations, a detailed description of deviations is provided), repairs, heat treatments, additional tests;
on the methods of protection of NPP equipment and pipelines from corrosion during storage, operation and scheduled preventive maintenance.
28. Passports of NPP equipment and pipelines must indicate their assigned service life and resource characteristics.
29. Prior to putting the NPP unit into operation, the operating organization, with the involvement of NPP and RI project developers, must:
a) develop a program for managing the life of NPP equipment and pipelines, which should reflect the methodology for managing the life of NPP equipment and pipelines, taking into account the scheme given in Appendix No. 2 to these Basic Provisions.
b) prepare software for maintaining a database on NPP equipment and pipelines, which allows at any stage of the NPP unit life cycle to ensure collection, storage and the possibility of comparing the initial and actual values ​​of their resource characteristics, to record and analyze information on equipment operating conditions that can affect the resource and NPP pipelines;
c) develop a procedure for collecting and storing data necessary to implement the program for managing the resource of NPP equipment and pipelines and assessing their residual resource, with special attention should be paid to the most loaded welded joints, zones with the highest stresses (including local zones with a high concentration of stresses), places with the highest temperature and maximum temperature gradients (drops), places subject to the greatest radiation embrittlement, as well as zones subject to vibration, corrosive and erosive wear.

V. Management of the resource of equipment and pipelines of nuclear
plants at the stage of operation of a nuclear power plant

30. The resource of equipment and pipelines must be confirmed, maintained and, if technically feasible, restored due to maintenance and repair with the frequency determined in the program for managing the resource of equipment and pipelines of the NPP.
31. The results of monitoring the technical condition of NPP equipment and pipelines carried out at the NPP unit should be taken into account when assessing the exhausted and predicted residual life of NPP equipment and pipelines using data on the actual operating conditions of NPP equipment and pipelines in accordance with the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program. In cases where the residual resource of equipment and pipelines is exhausted or not determined, the operation of such equipment and pipelines of the NPP is not allowed.
32. If any damage or deviations from the requirements of the design (project) documentation are detected during operation and during periodic monitoring of the technical condition of the NPP equipment and pipelines, information about them should be entered by the operating organization into the database for its subsequent use in managing the resource of equipment and pipelines NPPs, assessment of their residual life, as well as probabilistic safety assessment and periodic safety assessment of NPP operation.
33. In order to predict the degradation of NPP equipment and pipelines and their materials, as well as to develop timely corrective or mitigating measures for degradation, monitoring and forecasting of trends in degradation mechanisms should be carried out. Methods for detecting the manifestations of degradation mechanisms, the frequency of their control, as well as the analysis of the control results should ensure the identification of degradation mechanisms at an early stage of their manifestation and the adoption of timely measures before the occurrence of irreversible consequences due to their development.
34. In case of detection of factors not provided for in the reactor plant and nuclear power plant designs that can negatively affect the degradation mechanisms of equipment and pipelines of the nuclear power plant and their materials and lead to an accelerated development of the residual resource of equipment and pipelines of the nuclear power plant, the operating organization must provide all the necessary information to organizations - developers of the reactor plant and NPP to take these factors into account in RP and NPP projects. After receiving this information, the organizations - the developers of the reactor plant and NPP projects should assess the impact of factors not provided for in the design on the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines, propose measures to eliminate or reduce the influence of such factors. These measures should be taken into account in the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program.
35. The need for corrective measures during the operation of NPP equipment and pipelines should be established by the operating organization based on an analysis of their degradation rates.
36. The assigned service life of NPP equipment and pipelines should be reduced upon detection of factors not provided for in the reactor plant or NPP designs that negatively affect the aging and degradation mechanisms and lead to an irreversible and uncontrollable accelerated depletion of the residual resource of NPP equipment and pipelines.
37. The service life of the NPP equipment and pipelines can be extended if their resource is not exhausted and the residual life of the NPP equipment and pipelines allows the continued safe operation of the NPP unit.

Vi. Lifetime resource management
equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants

38. Extension of the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines beyond the designated one is allowed only if there is a justification prepared by the operating organization based on the results of the implementation of the NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program and agreed upon by the NPP and RI project developers within the boundaries of their design.
39. If there are positive results of justifying the possibility of extending the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines, the operating organization must issue a decision on extending their service life and make the necessary changes to the program for managing the service life of NPP equipment and pipelines. For NPP equipment and pipelines, the resource of which has been depleted by more than 80%, an increase in the scope of technical condition monitoring and (or) a decrease in the intervals between periodic assessments of the residual resource of NPP equipment and pipelines should be envisaged.
40. The results of periodic assessments of the residual life of NPP equipment and pipelines at the extended service life stage should be taken into account in the safety analysis reports.
41. When extending the life of the NPP unit, the extension of the service life of non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines should be carried out in the complex of works to extend the life of the NPP unit in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents governing the procedures for extending the life of the NPP unit, taking into account the data on the implementation of the resource management program NPP equipment and pipelines.

Vii. Equipment resource management
and pipelines of nuclear power plants during the decommissioning of the nuclear
station out of service

42. Prior to decommissioning the NPP unit, the operating organization shall develop a separate program for managing the resource of the NPP equipment and pipelines, which includes only the equipment and pipelines of the NPP equipment and pipelines used during the NPP unit decommissioning.
43. The NPP equipment and pipelines resource management program at the NPP unit decommissioning stage should be coordinated with the NPP unit decommissioning stages and should take into account the sequence and sequence of dismantling and disposal of NPP equipment and pipelines.
44. The sequence for dismantling the NPP equipment and pipelines should be based on the NPP unit decommissioning program.
45. The residual life of non-replaceable NPP equipment and pipelines used when decommissioning the NPP unit must be ensured until the NPP unit is completely decommissioned.
46. ​​The resource management of non-replaceable equipment and pipelines used in decommissioning the NPP unit should continue until the completion of their dismantling in accordance with the stages and sequence provided for in the NPP unit decommissioning program.

Appendix N 1

in the use of atomic
energy "Requirements for management
resource of equipment and pipelines


environmental services,
technological and nuclear supervision
dated October 15, 2015 N 410

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The following terms and definitions are used in these Guidelines:
1. Elapsed resource - a change in the values ​​of the resource characteristics of equipment and pipelines from the beginning of their operation to the current moment of operation (or control of their technical condition).
2. Degradation - negative structural changes in structural materials or the structures of equipment and pipelines themselves under the influence of mechanical stress, temperature and / or the environment.
3. Mechanisms of aging - processes that lead to irreversible changes in the properties of structural materials during operation.
4. Assigned service life - the calendar time of equipment and pipelines service established and justified in the NPP and RI designs (including periods of maintenance and repair).
5. Non-replaceable equipment and pipelines - equipment and pipelines, replacement of which during operation is technically impossible or economically inexpedient.
6. Equipment - NPP unit elements classified by the NPP and RI project developers in accordance with federal norms and rules in the field of atomic energy use to 1, 2 and 3 safety classes in terms of their impact on safety.
7. Residual resource - the difference between the installed and developed resource.
8. Extended service life - the calendar duration (period) of operation of equipment and pipelines in excess of the specified service life.
9. Damage is a consequence of mechanical, physical or chemical impact on the structure, leading to a decrease in its resource.
10. Resource - the total operating time of equipment and pipelines from the beginning of their operation until the time at which an irreversible violation of the established regulatory documents conditions of strength or performance.
11. Service life characteristics - quantitative values ​​of parameters that determine the service life of equipment and pipelines.
12. Reference unit of equipment - one or more units of standard equipment selected for the implementation of measures for resource management according to the criteria of the highest load and / or the most severe operating conditions.
13. Aging is a process of accumulation over time of changes in the mechanical and / or physical characteristics of structural materials of equipment and pipelines.
14. Resource management - a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at maintaining or reducing the rate of development of the resource of equipment and pipelines during their operation.

Appendix N 2
to federal rules and regulations
in the use of atomic
energy "Requirements for management
resource of equipment and pipelines
nuclear power plants. Basic provisions ",
approved by order of the Federal
environmental services,
technological and nuclear supervision
dated October 15, 2015 N 410

SCHEME
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT AND PIPELINES
STATIONS IN THE STAGE OF OPERATION

Planning
┌────────────────────────────────────┐
│2. Execution and optimization │
│resource management works │
├────────────────────────────────────┤
│Preparation, coordination, technical│
│maintenance and adjustment │
│ resource management activities: │
Improvement │- regulatory requirements │
documentation and safety criteria│ programs
management │- measures foreseen │ Mitigation
resource │ regulatory documentation │ expected
│- description of coordination mechanisms │ degradation
┌─────────── \ │- efficiency increase │ ┌─────────┐
│ ┌───────── / │ resource management based on │ └───────┐ │
│ │ │ self-assessment and expertise │ │ │
│ │ └────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │ / \ │ │
└─┘ │ │ \ /
Actions \ / Execution
┌──────────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────┐
│5. Technical │ │1. Study of aging processes and │ │3. Operation │
│ maintenance │ │ degradation │ │ equipment │
├───────────────────────────┤ ├───────────────────── ────────────────┤ │ (piping) │
│Effect Management │ │Information underlying │ ├──────────────────────┤
│degradation: │ │ resource management: │ │Mechanism management│
│- warning │ │- materials, their properties and methods │ degradation: │
│maintenance │ │making │ │- operation in │
│- corrective │ / ─── \ │- load and operating conditions │ / ──── \ │according to the installation- │
│Maintenance │ \ ─── / │- mechanisms and degradation zones │ \ ──── / updated procedures│
│- assortment optimization │- consequences of degradation and failures │ │and documentation │
│ spare parts │ │- research results │ │- water chemistry control- │
│- replacement │ │- operating experience │ │
│- maintenance history of maintenance │ │- prehistory of control and technical │- control of the environment │
│ │ │ Service │ │ Environment │
│ │ │- methods of softening / slowing down │ │- recording parameters and │
│ │ │- current state, sensors │ operating history │
└──────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────┘
/ \ / \ ┌─┐
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ \ / │ │
│ │ Check │ │
│ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ └───────┐│4. Survey, Monitoring and Evaluation │ / ───┘ │ Inspection
└──────────┘│ technical condition │ \ ─────┘ implementation
├────────────────────────────────────────┤
Attenuation of effects │Detection and assessment of degradation effects: │ degradation
degradation │- test and verification │
│- pre-operational and operational│
│control │
│- observation │
│- leak detection, monitoring │
│ vibrations │
│- performance assessment │
│- database support │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘