Development plan of the strategically important Kashagan field on the shelf of the Caspian Sea - abstract. Field development technical design Field plan
Technical project field development- this is one of the most important documents for starting work on the development of deposits. Our specialists are ready to undertake the fulfillment of this and related tasks completely.
In the process of drawing up a project for the development of mineral reserves, an analysis of the previous rates of production, if any, is carried out.
Tasks to be solved technical design for the development of mineral deposits:
- prevention of losses of minerals and their quality;
- compulsory maintenance of all necessary documentation in the process of geological exploration, all types of field and laboratory work;
- safety of work from the point of view of the employees involved in the development of the field, as well as from the point of view of the environment, including concern for the purity of groundwater;
- in case of violation of the safety of land plots - their reclamation;
- preservation of mine workings and boreholes that can still be used, and the elimination of unnecessary ones;
- strict compliance with the terms of the license.
The technical project is divided into graphic and text parts.
The graphic includes:
- Mining and geological part:
- surface plan with contours for calculating reserves;
- geological sections along lines;
- open pit plan at the end of mining and a mine reclamation scheme;
- calculation of the volume of reserves left in the sides of the open pit, in the sections;
- the schedule of stripping and dumping works;
- mining schedule;
- elements of the development system;
- dumping scheme;
- Master plan and transport.
The textual part of the report may contain the following information:
- General explanatory note, which indicates the initial data and the main provisions of the project;
- Geological structure of the quarry field;
- Technical solutions (design capacity and operating mode of the facility, field development system, parameters of dumps, quarry transport, etc.);
- Mineral quality;
- Organization and technical solutions when working in hazardous areas;
- Production management, enterprise. Organization and working conditions of employees;
- Architectural and construction solutions;
- Engineering and technical support. Networks and systems;
- General layout and external transport;
- Organization of construction;
- Protection and rational use of mineral resources;
- Measures to ensure fire safety and emergency prevention;
- Estimated documentation;
- Economic evaluation of investment efficiency.
After drawing up and registration, the project is submitted for mandatory approval to the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use. for mining, you can also instruct us. Employees of the "Specialist" group of companies have extensive experience in the preparation and approval of project documentation, which will allow you to avoid risks and save time.
On average, it takes about three months to develop and approve a field project, but we will do our best to shorten this period.
Ministry Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Finance and Economics Faculty
Department of Economics and Management
D 
discipline: Evaluation of oil and gas projects
SRS No. 1
Topic: Development plan of the strategically important Kashagan field on the shelf of the Caspian Sea
Performed:
3-year student special "Economy"
Batyrgalieva Zarina
ID: 08BD03185
Checked:
Estekova G.B.
Almaty, 2010
Over the past 30 years, there have been trends in which world GDP is growing by an average of 3.3% per year, while world demand for oil as the main source of hydrocarbons is growing by an average of 1% per year. The lag in hydrocarbon consumption from GDP growth is associated with resource conservation processes, mainly in developed countries... At the same time, the share of developing countries in the production of GDP and in the consumption of hydrocarbons is constantly increasing. In this case, an increasing exacerbation of the problems of supply of hydrocarbons is expected.
The territorial proximity of such largest and dynamically developing countries as Russia and China opens up broad prospects for the export of Kazakhstani hydrocarbons. To ensure access to their market, it is necessary to develop and improve the system of trunk pipelines.
The assessments of international experts show that if the current trends continue, all the world's proven oil reserves will only last for 40-50 years. The addition of KSCM's petroleum resources to the world's proven reserves is a defining factor in global energy strategies. Kazakhstan should be ready for a flexible combination of strategies for the systematic transfer of oil production to the Caspian Sea and forcing certain promising projects. And one of the most promising projects is the Kashagan field.
Named after a 19th century Kazakh poet who was born in the Mangistau region, the Kashagan field is one of the world's largest discoveries over the past 40 years. Belongs to the Caspian oil and gas province.
The Kashagan field is located in the Kazakh sector of the Caspian Sea and covers an area of approximately 75 x 45 kilometers. The reservoir lies at a depth of about 4,200 meters below the seabed in the northern part of the Caspian Sea.
Kashagan, as a high-amplitude, reef uplift in the subsalt Paleozoic complex of the North Caspian Sea, was discovered by prospecting seismic works by Soviet geophysicists in the period 1988-1991. on the sea continuation of the Karaton-Tengiz zone of uplifts.
Subsequently, it was confirmed by studies of Western geophysical companies commissioned by the government of Kazakhstan. The Kashagan, Korogly and Nubar massifs, originally identified in its composition in the period 1995-1999. were named Kashagan East, West and South-West, respectively.
The dimensions of East Kashagan along the closed isohypse - 5000 m are 40 (10/25) km, area - 930 km², uplift amplitude - 1300 m. km², the average oil-saturated thickness is 550 m.
Kashagan Western borders on Eastern Kashagan along a submeridional structural scarp, which is possibly associated with tectonic dislocation. The dimensions of the reef uplift along the closed stratoisohypse - 5000 m are 40 * 10 km, the area is 490 km², the amplitude is 900 m. , the average oil-saturated thickness is 350 m.
Southwestern Kashagan is located somewhat to the side (south) of the main massif. The uplift along the closed stratoisohypse - 5400 m has dimensions of 97 km, area - 47 km², amplitude - 500 m. OWC is predicted at an absolute elevation of 5300 m, oil-bearing area - 33 km², average oil-saturated thickness - 200 m.
Kashagan's oil reserves vary widely from 1.5 to 10.5 billion tons. Of these, the Eastern accounts for 1.1 to 8 billion tons, the Western - up to 2.5 billion tons, and the South-Western - 150 million tons.
The geological reserves of Kashagan are estimated at 4.8 billion tons of oil, according to Kazakh geologists.
According to the project operator, the total oil reserves are 38 billion barrels or 6 billion tons, of which about 10 billion barrels are recoverable. Kashagan has large reserves of natural gas over 1 trillion. cub. meters.
Partner companies in the Kashagan project: Eni, KMG Kashagan B.V. (a subsidiary of Kazmunaigaz), Total, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell each have a 16.81% stake, ConocoPhillips - 8.4%, Inpex - 7.56%.
The project operator was appointed in 2001 by partners: Eni, and created the Agip KCO company. The project participants are working on the creation of a joint operating company North Caspian Operating Company (NCOC), which will replace AgipKCO and a number of agent companies in the role of a single operator.
The Kazakh government and the international consortium for the development of the North Caspian project (including the Kashagan field) agreed to postpone the start of oil production from 2011 to the end of 2012.
Oil production at Kashagan should reach 50 million tons per year by the end of the next decade. Oil production at Kashagan, according to ENI estimates, in 2019 should reach 75 million tons per year. With Kashagan, Kazakhstan will enter the Top 5 of the world's oil producers.
In order to increase oil recovery and reduce H3S content, the consortium is preparing to use several onshore and offshore installations in Karabatan to inject natural gas into the reservoir, an oil pipeline and a gas pipeline with Karabatan will be built.
The development of the Kashagan field in the harsh offshore environment of the North Caspian presents a unique combination of technological and supply chain challenges. These difficulties are associated with ensuring the safety of production, solving engineering, logistics and environmental problems, which makes this project one of the largest and most complex industrial projects in the world.
The field is characterized by high reservoir pressure up to 850 atmospheres. High quality oil -46 ° API, but with a high GOR, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan content.
Kashagan was announced in the summer of 2000 following the results of drilling the first well Vostok-1 (East Kashagan-1). Its daily flow rate was 600 m³ of oil and 200 thousand m³ of gas. The second well (West-1) was drilled in West Kashagan in May 2001, 40 km from the first. It showed a daily flow rate of 540 cubic meters of oil and 215 thousand cubic meters of gas.
For the development and assessment of Kashagan, 2 artificial islands were built, 6 exploration, 6 appraisal wells were drilled (Vostok-1, Vostok-2, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, Vostok-5, West-1.
Due to the shallow waters and cold winters in the North Caspian, the use of traditional drilling and production technologies such as reinforced concrete structures or jack-up platforms installed on the seabed is not possible.
To provide protection from harsh winter conditions and ice movements, offshore structures are installed on artificial islands. Two types of islands are envisaged: small "drilling" islands without personnel and large "islands with technological complexes" (ETC) with maintenance personnel.
Hydrocarbons will be pumped through pipelines from the drilling islands to the ETC. The ETC islands will house process units for the recovery of the liquid phase (oil and water) from raw gas, gas injection units and power systems.
In Phase I, approximately half of the total gas produced will be injected back into the reservoir. The recovered fluids and crude gas will be piped to the shore at the Bolashak plant in the Atyrau region, where it is planned to prepare the oil to commercial quality. Some of the gas will be sent back to the offshore complex for use in power generation, while some of the gas will meet similar needs of the onshore complex.
There are a number of technical difficulties in the development strategy of Kashagan:
The Kashagan reservoir lies at a depth of about 4,200 meters below the seabed and has high pressure(initial reservoir pressure 770 bar). The reservoir is characterized by an increased content of sour gas.
The low level of salinity caused by the influx of fresh water from the Volga, combined with shallow water and temperatures down to -30C in winter, leads to the fact that the North Caspian is covered with ice for about five months a year. Ice movement and furrowing from the movement of ice on the seabed represent serious constraints on construction activities.
The North Caspian is a very sensitive ecological zone and habitat for a variety of flora and fauna, including some rare species. Environmental responsibility is our top priority for NCOC. We work steadily and vigorously to prevent and minimize any environmental impact that may arise from our operations.
The North Caspian region is an area where the supply of equipment important for the project is associated with certain difficulties. Logistical difficulties are compounded by restrictions on access to water transport routes such as the Volga-Don Canal and the Baltic Sea-Volga water transport system, which, due to heavy ice cover, are only open for navigation for about six months a year.
I would like to note the export strategy of this project. The existing plan for the export of post-field production provides for the use of existing pipeline and rail systems.
The western route of the CPC pipeline (pipeline from Atyrau to Novorossiysk along the Black Sea coast), the northern route from Atyrau to Samara (connecting to the Russian Transneft system) and the eastern route (Atyrau to Alashankou) provide connections to existing export transportation systems.
A possible southeastern route depends on the development of the Kazakhstan Caspian Transportation System (KCTS), which could pump oil from Eskene West, where the Bolashak plant is located, to the new Kuryk terminal. The oil can then be transported by tanker to a new terminal near Baku, where it would be pumped into the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline system or other pipelines to enter international markets.
All possible export routes are currently being explored.
This project takes into account safety and environmental protection. Since the formation of the first consortium in 1993, many environmental protection programs have been developed and implemented during onshore and offshore oilfield operations. For example, Agip KCO engaged local companies to carry out an environmental impact assessment (EIA) for its activities, including the construction of onshore and offshore facilities, trunk pipelines and onshore export pipelines. A program was initiated to fund scientific research in the field of biological diversity in the Caspian region. Twenty air quality monitoring stations were built in the Atyrau region. Soil research and monitoring of the state of the population of birds and seals are carried out annually. In 2008, a map of the environmentally sensitive areas of the North Caspian region was published, created, among other things, on the basis of data collected by the consortium.
There are also problems with sulfur utilization. The Kashagan field contains about 52 trillion cubic feet of associated gas, most of which will be re-injected at offshore facilities to improve oil recovery. In Phase 1 (Pilot Development Phase), not all associated gas will be re-injected into the reservoir at offshore facilities. Part of it will be sent to an onshore oil and gas processing unit, where the gas desulfurization process will take place, which will then be used as fuel gas to generate electricity for onshore and offshore operations, while part of it will be sold on the market as a commercial gas. Phase 1 plans to produce an average of 1.1 million tonnes of sulfur per year from sour gas purification.
Although the consortium plans to sell the entire volume of sulfur produced, it may become necessary to temporarily store the sulfur. Sulfur produced at the Bolashak plant will be stored in closed conditions, isolated from the environment. Liquid sulfur will be poured into sealed containers equipped with sensors. Sulfur will be converted to a pastelled form prior to marketing to avoid the formation of sulfur dust during crushing.
In addition to a responsible approach to the conduct of production operations, program participants take on social and environmental obligations, the fulfillment of which will benefit the citizens of Kazakhstan in the long term. Fulfilling these obligations requires close cooperation with state and local authorities, with the local community and initiative groups.
In the period from 2006 to 2009. more than US $ 5.3 billion was spent on purchasing local goods and services. In 2009, payments for local goods and services accounted for 35% of the company's total expenses.
In 2009, during the period of maximum activity in the construction of facilities of the Pilot Development Stage, more than 40,000 people were employed in the project in Kazakhstan. More than 80% of the workers were citizens of Kazakhstan - an exceptional figure for projects of this scale.
Infrastructure projects and social significance are essential components of NCOC's corporate and social responsibility. According to the NCSPSA, a significant part of the investment in the development of the field is spent on the construction of social infrastructure facilities in the field of education, health care, sports and culture. Funds are evenly distributed between Atyrau and Mangistau regions, where production operations are carried out according to the SPSS.
Since 1998, 126 projects have been implemented in close cooperation with local authorities, 60 projects in the Atyrau region and 66 in the Mangistau region. A total of US $ 78 million was spent in the Atyrau region and US $ 113 million - in the Mangistau region.
In addition, under the 2009 Sponsorship and Philanthropy Program, NCOC and Agip KCO have supported more than 100 cultural, health, education and sports initiatives. Among them are advanced training of doctors and teachers, seminars on intercultural education and environmental literacy in schools, inviting leading Russian surgeons to operate on Atyrau children, buying musical instruments for the Aktau school and purchasing medical equipment and ambulances for a hospital in Tupkaragan.
Occupational health and safety play an important role. The participants in this project will carry out systematic risk management in order to continuously improve the health, labor and environment protection system and reach the level of world leaders in this indicator. All this is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Production Sharing Agreement for the Northern Caspian Sea, Kazakh and international legislation, existing industry standards and corporate directives.
All participants of the SPSPS undertake:
To carry out their activities, ensuring the health and safety of all employees directly or indirectly involved in these activities, the environment in which their production operations are carried out, as well as the company's assets.
Manage the consortium's activities and related risks in accordance with the requirements of the North Caspian Production Sharing Agreement, Kazakh and international legislation, and apply the best existing industry standards in those matters that cannot be regulated by laws and regulations.
Promote the integration of HSE principles into the culture of the company, where all workers and service providers have a joint responsibility to implement these principles and lead by example.
Develop systems that allow for a systematic assessment of HSE risks at all stages of the company's activities and effectively control these risks.
Develop, carry out certification of the HSE management system and continuously inform the Agents, the Authorized Body, all interested parties about the state of the art in the field of HSE in order to continuously improve.
Select business partners based on their ability to meet their HSE obligations.
Implement systems and procedures that allow for an immediate and effective response to unplanned and undesirable events, and carry out their regular review.
Raise the level of awareness of the personal responsibility of all employees of the company in matters of preventing the risks of accidents, damage to health and the environment.
Collaborate with government bodies Of the Republic of Kazakhstan and all interested parties in order to develop regulations and standards aimed at improving the safety of company employees and protecting the environment.
Apply a constructive approach in their activities based on dialogue with stakeholders and the public and aimed at achieving recognition of the company's activities by the local community through the implementation of social programs.
Sponsorship and Philanthropy projects aim to promote economic sustainability and welfare, support health care, education, culture and cultural heritage, sports, and help eligible low-income people, and align with NCOC's strategic goals of sustainable development. The implementation of the sponsorship and charity program is entrusted to Agip KCO.
In particular, projects involve their own contributions from the participants themselves, and must also demonstrate to the public their long-term sustainability. The support of political or religious organizations is excluded, projects cannot create unfair conditions for market competition, negatively affect environmental stability and / or natural ecosystems. Projects are usually developed by local authorities, NGOs or community representatives, but can also be initiated by NCOC or its Agents as proactive measures to support local communities.
Bibliography:
State program for the development of the Kazakh sector of the Caspian Sea
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The main graphic document when calculating reserves is the counting plan. Estimated plans (Fig. 3) are drawn up on the basis of a structural map for the top of productive reservoirs or the nearest benchmark located no more than 10 m above or below the top of the reservoir. The outer and inner contours are plotted on the map oil- and gas content, boundaries of reserves categories.
The boundaries and area of calculation of oil and gas reserves of each category are colored in a specific color:
Rice. 3. An example of an estimated reservoir plan.
1 - oil; 2 - water: 3 - oil and water;
Wells: 4 - producing, 5 - exploration, 6 - suspended, 7 - abandoned, 8 - no inflow; 9 - isohypsum of the collector surface, m;
Oil-bearing contours: 10 - external, 11 - internal; 12 - boundary of lithological-facies replacement of reservoirs; 13-categories of reserves;
Figures for wells: the numerator is the well number, the denominator is the absolute elevation of the reservoir top, m.
All wells drilled on the date of reserves calculation are also plotted on the calculation plan (with an exact indication of the position of the wellheads, the points of their intersection with the top of the corresponding reservoir):
Exploration;
Mining;
Mothballed pending the organization of the fishery;
Injection and observation;
Those who gave anhydrous oil, oil with water, gas, gas with condensate, gas with condensate and water and water;
Being tested;
Untested, with specification oil-, gas- and water saturation of formations - reservoirs according to the data of interpretation of materials of geophysical studies of wells;
Liquidated, indicating the reasons for liquidation;
Revealed seam, composed of impermeable rocks.
For tested wells, the following are indicated: depth and absolute marks of the top and bottom of the reservoir, absolute marks of perforation intervals, initial and current oil production rates, gas and water, nozzle diameter, depression, duration of operation, date of water appearance and its percentage in the produced product. When two or more layers are tested together, their indices are indicated. Debit oil and gas should be measured when the wells are operating on the same chokes.
For production wells, the following are given: commissioning date, initial and current flow rates and reservoir pressure, oil produced, gas, condensate and water, the date of the start of watering and the percentage of water in the produced product as of the date of reserves calculation. With a large number of wells, this information is placed in the table on the calculation plan or on the sheet attached to it. In addition, the calculation plan contains a table indicating the values of the calculation parameters adopted by the authors, the calculated reserves, their categories, the values of the parameters adopted by the decision of the State Committee for the Russian Federation, the date on which the reserves were calculated.
When recalculating reserves, the estimate plans must contain the boundaries of the reserves categories approved in the previous calculation, and wells drilled after the previous estimate of reserves should be highlighted.
The calculation of reserves of oil, gas, condensate and the components contained in them is carried out separately for gas, oil ,. gas-oil, water-oil and gas-oil-water zones by types of reservoirs for each stratum of the deposit and the field as a whole, with a mandatory assessment of the prospects for the entire field.
Reserves of commercially important components contained in oil and gas are calculated within the bounds of reserves estimate oil and gas.
When calculating reserves, the calculated parameters are measured in the following units: thickness in meters; pressure in megapascals (accurate to tenths of a unit); area in thousands of square meters; density of oil, condensate and water in grams per cubic centimeter, and gas - in kilograms per cubic meter (accurate to thousandths of a unit); porosity and oil and gas saturation coefficients in fractions of a unit rounded to the nearest hundredths; recovery factors oil and condensate in fractions of a unit rounded to the nearest thousandths.
The reserves of oil, condensate, ethane, propane, butanes, sulfur and metals are calculated in thousands of tons, gas - in millions of cubic meters, helium and argon - in thousands of cubic meters.
Average values of parameters and results of calculation of reserves are given in tabular form.
Introduction
1.4 Stock information
1.5.1 Subsoil protection
Section 2. Mining operations
2.4.1 Stripping work
2.4.2 Extractive work
2.4.3 Mouldboard work
2.5 Auxiliary quarrying facilities
2.5.1 Drainage and drainage
2.5.2 Repair and maintenance of quarry roads
2.5.3 Repair Service
2.5.4 Production and amenity premises
Section 3. Schedule of mining operations
3.1 Opening Hours and Pit Performance
3.2 Calendar plan mining operations
3.3 Inventory preparation and recovery plan
3.4 Stripping work schedule
3.5 Dump work
3.6 Performance indicators of the main mining equipment
Section 4. Drilling and blasting operations
Section 5. Mining remediation
Section 6. Power supply
Section 7. Career transport
7.1 General information and initial data
7.2 Calculation of the performance of vehicles and the need for it
7.3 Career roads
Section 8. Mining remediation
Section 9. Repair Service
Section 10. Calculation of mineral extraction tax
Section 10. Measures for labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation
Section 12. Production control compliance with industrial safety requirements at the enterprise
Basic set drawing list
No. No. p / nDescription Sheet No. 1. Position of mine workings as of 01.11.07, M1: 200012. Schedule of stripping and dumping operations, M1: 2000. 23. Schedule of mining operations, M1: 200034. Engineering-geological section along the I-I, M line v 1: 500, M v 1: 100045. Consolidated mining plan, M1: 200056. Plan of engineering structures, M1: 2000 67. Longitudinal profile of the road, M G 1: 2000, M v 1: 50078. Basic single-line diagram of the open pit power supply 89. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +33 m with an E-2503910 excavator. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +29 m with an E-25031011 excavator. Passport of stripping operations with an E-25031112 excavator. Passport of overburden stripping operations with bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 1213. Passport of operation of bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 on overburden dump. 1314. Passport of the production of dumping works by the bulldozer DZ-171.1-0514 Introduction
A pilot development plan for 2008 for the extraction of limestone from the Chapayevskoye deposit (the "unfinished" southern part of the Yuzhny block), for OOO RosSchebStroy, was drawn up on the basis of contract No. 328/07 and terms of reference approved by the Department for Technological and Environmental Supervision of Rostekhnadzor in the Saratov Region. LLC "RosSchebStroy" is developing the unfinished part of the southern section of the Chapaevsky limestone deposit located in the Ershovsky district of the Saratov region. On the north side there is a quarry of the Chapaevsky crushed stone plant (Alliance-Nedra LLC). On the north-western side, there are areas worked out and partially reclaimed by OJSC "Ershovsky stone quarry" (in currently- OOO SPK Stroydetal). License for the right to use subsoil SRT-90101-TE dated 04.10.2007, valid until 05.10.2015 Based on the recalculation of the balance reserves of the Southern section of the Chapaevskoye carbonate deposit, performed by Nerudproekt LLC in 2007, the protocol of the TEKZ Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management of the Saratov Region No. the amount of 828.0 thousand cubic meters m, in categories A, B, C1 The subsoil plot has the status of a mining lease. The right to use the land plot was received from the administration of the Ershovsky municipal district of the Saratov region, letter No. 1429 dated 08.08.2007. The detailed design for the development of the field is under development. deposit mining rock The excavator E-2503 (front shovel) is involved in mining operations. At stripping works - bulldozer DZ-171.1 - 05 For transportation of rock mass, overburden, waste of DSZ - KrAZ-256 dump trucks. Planned losses in 2008 - 0.8% (0.96 thousand m 3).
Performance, according to the terms of reference, 120 thousand m 3in a solid body, excluding losses, 120.96 thousand m 3taking into account losses. Reclamation works are not foreseen in 2008. Section 1. Geological and industrial characteristics of the field
1.1 Geological characteristics of the area
The area of the deposit is a wide, slightly hilly plain, forming a vast watershed between the basins of the Bolshoi Irgiz and Bolshoi Uzen rivers. The general slope of the terrain is to the northwest. The hydrographic network is represented by the Bolshoi Irgiz rivers with tributaries and rivers Bolshoy Uzen and Maliy Uzen. The river valleys in the area are well developed. In them, in addition to modern floodplain terraces, there are three or four above-floodplain terraces. The climate of the region is sharply continental, with cold stable winters and hot summers. The average annual temperature is 4 0WITH. The amount of atmospheric precipitation in the warm period is on average 350 mm, and in the cold - 102-122 mm, the depth of soil freezing is 0.5-1.5 m. Winds of the eastern and southeastern directions prevail. Useful strata at the site is represented by carbonate rocks of the Orenburg Stage of the Upper Carboniferous. Most of the explored limestones are of light gray variety. Dark gray and gray limestones are of subordinate importance. Fractured limestones, the most fractured are the upper layers of limestones to a depth of 5 m. At a depth of 5-10 meters, fracturing is expressed to a much lesser extent. Most of the cracks are developed in bedding. Vertical cracks are much less common. In appearance, as well as on the basis of physical and mechanical properties and chemical analyzes, limestones of this deposit are divided into two units. The rocks of the upper first member are represented by dolomitized limestones, fine-crystalline, light gray and gray, in places with yellowish, bluish and violet tints. The thickness of the limestones of the first member ranges from 5.35 m to 8.6 m, on average 6.97 m. The second member is separated from the first by sandy-argillaceous material with limestone crushed stone. The rocks of the second member are represented by limestones and slightly dolomitized light gray limestones. The thickness of the limestones of the second member ranges from 5.0 m to 11.65 m, on average 8.17 m. In the mass of limestones, karst manifestations are observed in the form of small cavities filled with blocks of leached limestones, crushed stone, fine-grained sands and a calcareous-clay mass. Average geological section for the field (top to bottom): -
soil-vegetation layer and brownish-yellow loam with a thickness of 1.2-1.5 m; -
dolomitized limestones of gray, light gray color, in places with yellowish, pink tints, 0.53-6.6 m thick; -
an interlayer of sandy-clayey material with crushed limestone, 0.8-5.3 m thick; -
light gray limestone, less often of a dark color, slightly dolomitized, occasionally fractured, 0.65-11.35 m thick. 1.2 Hydrogeological conditions of the field
Hydrogeological exploration data have identified two aquifers at the field, which have a major impact on development. These aquifers are confined to Neogene and Carboniferous deposits. In Neogene sediments, groundwater is confined to sandy-argillaceous rocks and, due to the insignificant distribution of the latter in the area of the deposit, are not significant in development. A thick aquifer is confined to the thickness of limestones, the water of which circulates through cracks and karst cavities. The horizon is fed due to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and due to the backwater of deep confined waters. This aquifer is found almost everywhere, the level of occurrence of the horizon, depending on the terrain, ranges from 28.34 m to 29.34 m, averaging 28.5 m.For calculating the reserves, an elevation of +29.0 m was taken. 1.3 Qualitative characteristics of a mineral
Physical and mechanical tests carried out during production geological exploration, show a high quality characteristic of limestones: they are suitable for use on crushed stone, rubble stone. The main working properties that characterize limestone are mechanical strength, frost resistance, bulk density, porosity and water absorption. All these properties are in a certain dependence on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the rock, on its structure, fracturing, as well as on the degree of weathering of the rocks. According to the results of laboratory tests, the bulk of limestone in terms of strength meets the requirements of GOST 8287-93. Deposits of the Upper Carboniferous are represented by highly dolomitized limestones of light gray, yellow-gray, grayish-yellow color, dense, medium strength and strong, weakly fractured, areas along fractures are weakly ferruginous. These deposits compose the useful strata of the deposit. According to exploration data, the productive strata of the entire explored area is characterized by the following qualities of limestone: limestone with a strength of more than 1000 kg / cm 2, alternating with limestones with a strength of 331-800 kg / cm 2.
In the lower part of the productive strata (in the range of marks 30.5-33.5 m), limestones of grade "800" and higher are traced, suitable for concrete grade "500". Limestone reserves are approved for the production of crushed stone as a filler for ordinary and heavy concrete of grade not lower than "200", and for the production of ballast layer of railways and highways. Table 1. Chemical composition of carbonate rocks. # # P / p Name Contents 1. CaO from 29.56 to 48.98% 2. MgO from 14.92 to 21.57% 3. CaCO 3from 53.05 to 87.41% 4. MgCO 3from 10.51 to 45.81% 5. SiO 2+ AL 2O 3from 0.3 to 4.88% Table 2. Physical and mechanical indicators. # # P / p Name Contents 1. Frost resistance MRZ 502. The volumetric weight of rock mass in a dense body 2.45 t / m 33. Water absorption 4.3-9.5% 4. Porosity 3.0-18.7% 5. Loosening ratio 1.456. Breed category VIII7. Volumetric weight of crushed stone 1.32 t / m 38. Strength200-2750 kg / cm 39. Crushing of crushed stone "DR-16" 10. Exit of crushed stone from the rock mass 0.7 11. Content of lamellar, acicular grains,% 11-19 1.3.1 Radiation hygiene assessment
According to the results of well logging studies, the radioactivity of the sands does not exceed 14 μR / hour, which makes it possible to classify the raw materials as class 1 of building materials according to NBR-76, which can be used without restrictions. 1.4 Stock information
In 2007, Nerudproekt LLC performed a recalculation of the reserves of the Southern section of the Chapaevskoye field for blocks A-1, B-2. WITH 1-3 in licensed areas of enterprises - subsoil users, as well as in areas of "unallocated" (northeastern part) and "unfinished (southern part) reserves. Protocol TEKZ of the Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Use of the Saratov Region No. 27 dated September 25, 2007 approved "unfinished" reserves in the southern part of the Southern section, in the amount 828.0 thousand m3
,
by categories "A + B + C1", including by categories: " A "- 158.5 thousand m3
, "B" - 87.0 thousand m3
, "WITH1
"- 582.5 thousand m3
.
According to Appendix 1 to the license of the SRT series No. 90101 TE, the balance of LLC RosSchebStroy includes "unfinished reserves in the southern part of the site in categories A + B + C 1in the amount of 828 thousand m3
, including by categories: " A "- 158.5 thousand m3
, "B" - 87.0 thousand m3
, "WITH1
"- 582.5 thousand m3
.
1.4.1 Industrial reserves and losses of mineral resources in 2008
In 2008, it is planned to extract limestone in the amount of 120.0 thousand m 3.
Class I losses - general career losses, absent. Class II losses - operational losses: group 1- there are no losses in the massif (in the sides, in the bottom, in the places of pinching out and in the complex configuration of the deposit). group 2- losses separated from the array of minerals (during excavation together with host rocks, transportation, during drilling and blasting operations): -during transportation - 0.3% (ONTP 18-85, table 2.13): Vtr. = 120.0 * 0.003 = 0.36 thousand m 3
-during drilling and blasting operations 0.5% (ONTP 18-85, Table 2.13): Vbvr = 120.0 * 0.005 = 0.6 thousand m 3
The total career losses in 2008 will be: V total = 0.6 + 0.36 = 0.96 thousand m 3 (0,8 %).
Balance reserves to be redeemed will be: thousand m 3+0.96 thousand m 3= 120.96 thousand m 3
Indicators of completeness of extraction and losses of mineral raw materials in 2008 Table 3 Indicators Planned Balance reserves to be repaid, thousand m 3120,96Losses, total% 0.8 Reserves recovery from subsoil,% 99.2 Recovery (production), thousand m 3120Total losses of mineral raw materials, Total (thousand m 3): 0,96including by groups: General quarry losses class 1 - Operating losses class 2, TOTAL, (thousand m 3) of which: 0.96 1) losses in the massif (total) - - in the sides-2) losses of mineral resources separated from the massif (total): - during excavation with overburden - - during transportation, at places of loading and unloading 0.36 - during blasting operations 0.6 1.5 Protection of subsoil and the environment from the harmful effects of mining
1.5.1 Subsoil protection
When developing a quarry, it is necessary to be guided by a license for the right to use subsoil, geological documentation, a protocol for approving reserves at the TEKZ (TKZ), a project for the development and reclamation of a deposit, as well as the requirements of the following regulatory documents: Ø
Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" with amendments and additions No. 27-FZ of 03.03.95, No. 20-FZ of 02.01.2000, No. 52-FZ of 14.05.01, No. 49-FZ of 15.04. 06, No. 173-FZ dated 25.10.06; Ø
"Rules for the Protection of Subsoil" (PB 07-601-03), approved by Resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 71 dated 06.06.2003; Ø
Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" No. 116-FZ dated July 21, 1999, with additions and amendments No. 45-FZ dated May 09, 2005; Ø
"Industry instructions for determining and accounting for the loss of nonmetallic building materials during mining", VNIINerud, 1974; Ø
"Instructions for surveying accounting of the volume of mining in open pit mining", approved by the Resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated 06.06.2003, No. 74. When developing a deposit, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure: observance of the requirements of the legislation, as well as the standards (norms, rules) approved in the established order on the technology of conducting work related to the use of subsoil, and during the primary processing of mineral raw materials; -compliance with the requirements of technical projects, plans and schemes for the development of mining operations, prevention of excess losses, dilution and selective mining of minerals; -maintaining geological, mine surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety; -submission of geological information to the Federal and the corresponding territorial funds of geological information; -bringing plots of land and other natural objects disturbed during the use of subsoil into a condition suitable for their further use; -conducting an advanced geological study of the subsoil, providing a reliable assessment of mineral reserves or properties of a subsoil plot provided for use; -ensuring the most complete extraction from the bowels of the reserves of the main and, together with them, the underlying minerals; -reliable accounting of recoverable and retained in the bowels of the reserves of the main and, together with them, the underlying minerals; -protection of mineral deposits from flooding; -watering, fires and other factors that reduce the quality of minerals and the industrial value of deposits or complicate their development; -prevention of unauthorized development of areas of occurrence of minerals and compliance established order use of these areas for other purposes; -prevention of accumulation of industrial and household waste on the field development area. In 2008, the measures for the protection of subsoil shall provide for strict observance by the mine surveyor and technical supervision of the parameters of the system and technology of field development, the implementation of measures to protect the environment from the harmful effects of mining operations. To protect the atmospheric basin, in the dry season, irrigate open pit roads. To prohibit the discharge of used oils on the territory of the quarry, to prevent garbage dumps on the territory of the mining and land allotment of the enterprise. After reclamation of the areas (filling of the fertile layer), sow the restored areas with herbs and hand over according to the act in the prescribed manner. 1.5.2 Environmental protection
The earth, bowels of the earth, water, flora and fauna, as elements of the natural environment, are the property of the whole people. All enterprises, organizations and institutions are obliged to strictly observe the rules of nature protection, to prevent pollution or destruction of elements of the natural environment, to introduce more modern technologies, machines, materials, the use of which reduces pollution, noise, vibration, etc. In case of violation of the requirements of environmental legislation, the persons guilty of the damage caused shall bear administrative, material and criminal responsibility. Damage caused to nature is compensated by organizations or separately by citizens. Officials are subject to a fine imposed in the administrative procedure for damage to agricultural and other lands, pollution with industrial waste, in mismanagement of land, in failure to comply with mandatory measures to improve land and protect soil from wind, water erosion and other processes that worsen the condition soils, untimely return of occupied lands and other violations. Reducing the pollution of the natural environment with dust during loading and unloading operations should be carried out by reducing the height of loading and unloading, the use of irrigation. When performing stripping and mining operations on the roads, dedusting should be performed (using a watering machine). Overburden must be located in the areas provided for by the development project (separately - PRS and other rocks). To prevent water and wind erosion, the surface of long-term overburden dumps should be sown with grasses. During the operation of mechanisms and vehicles, the levels of pollution should not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances for air, water, soil, as well as sanitary standards and safety requirements during work. Minimal pollution of the atmosphere with exhaust gases is achieved due to the timely adjustment of the fuel supply and injection system (at least once a quarter). During the operation of mechanisms, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the permissible noise level. Refueling of cars, tractors with fuel and oils should be carried out at stationary refueling points. Refueling of vehicles with limited mobility (excavators, etc.) is carried out by refueling stations. Refueling in all cases should be done only with the help of hoses with closures at the outlet. Use for filling buckets and other open dishes is not allowed. The collection of used and replaceable oils should be organized at the quarry. Drainage onto the soil cover or the bottom of the quarry is prohibited. At the quarry, the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) must be observed, taking into account the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). The MPE should be measured twice a year. 1.6. Geological survey service
In accordance with article 24 of the Law Russian Federation"On the subsoil" one of the main requirements for ensuring the safe conduct of work related to the use of subsoil is to conduct a complex of geological, mine surveying and other observations sufficient to ensure a normal technological cycle of work and predict hazardous situations, timely identification and application of hazardous zones. In accordance with Article 22 of the said Law, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure the maintenance of geological, mine surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety. In accordance with clause 40 of article 17 of the Federal Law No. 128-FZ of 08.08.2001 "On licensing of certain types of activities", the production of mine surveying is carried out on the basis of a license. Licensing is carried out by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (hereinafter Rostekhnadzor) in accordance with the "Regulations on the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision" (clause 5.3.2.15 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004, No. 401) Mine surveying service of the open pit is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on geological and mine surveying of industrial safety and protection of subsoil" RD-07-408-01, approved by the Resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 18 of 22.05.2001; RF Law "On Subsoil" No. 27-FZ dated 03.03.1995; "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation" On Subsoil "with amendments and additions dated 02.01.2000, No. 20-FZ, dated 25.10.2006, No. 173-FZ; Federal Law dated 02.07.1997, No. 116 - Federal Law "On industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities" with changes and additions dated August 22, 2004, No. 122-FZ, dated May 09, 2005, No. 45-FZ; "Instructions for the production of mine surveying", approved by the resolution of the Gosgortechnadzor of Russia No. 73 dated 06.06 .2003, "Instructions for surveying accounting of the volume of mining in open pit mining", approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 74 dated 06.06.2003. 1.The activities of the mine surveying service are determined by the regulations on the mine surveying service, approved and agreed by the organization in the prescribed manner. Mine surveying service carries out: production of surveys of mine workings and the earth's surface; preparation and replenishment of surveying documentation; accounting and substantiation of the volume of mining operations; transfer to nature of geometrical elements of mine workings, construction of buildings and structures, boundaries of safe mining, barrier and safety pillars, boundaries of a mining allotment; periodic monitoring of compliance with the established ratios of geometric elements of buildings, structures and mine workings during development; organization and implementation of instrument observations of the stability of benches, pit walls and dumps; control over the fulfillment of the requirements at the quarry, contained in projects and plans for the development of mining operations for the rational use and protection of subsoil, for the timeliness and efficiency of the implementation of measures that ensure measures to protect mining, buildings, structures and natural objects from the impact of work related to the use of subsoil, safety for the life and health of workers and the population; acceptance of mine surveying and topographic and geodetic works carried out by contractors, a technical report on the work performed and materials (original plans, measurement logs, calculation lists, catalogs of coordinates and heights). When using the subsoil, a book of mine surveying instructions is kept, in which the employees of the mine surveying service record the identified deviations from the design documentation for mining operations and the necessary warnings on issues within their competence. In order to ensure the protection of subsoil and the safety of work related to the use of subsoil, surveying instructions are carried out officials to whom they are addressed. Mine surveying work is carried out in compliance with established requirements for the safe production of mining operations. During the production of mine surveying, the completeness and accuracy of measurements and calculations is ensured sufficient for the rational use and protection of the subsoil, for the safe conduct of mining operations. Mining graphic documentation, both for survey objects of the earth's surface, and for mine workings within a separate deposit, is carried out in unified system coordinates and heights. A certain list of mine surveying works is carried out under a separate agreement, a specialized enterprise LLC "Nerudproekt", which operates on the basis of a license for the production of mine surveying No. 58-PM-000248 (O) dated 27.03.03. The scope of work includes: development of the existing mine surveying network (if necessary) and the creation of the required number of fairly accurately defined points of the survey justification of the quarry, the points of the mine surveying support network are fixed by special benchmarks (centers); the determination of points in the survey networks relative to the nearest points of the mine surveyor reference network is carried out with an error not exceeding 0.4 mm on the plan in the accepted survey scale and 0.2 m in height; the filming network at the quarry is secured by long-term preservation centers and temporary use centers; the planned position of the points of the survey network of the quarry is determined by geodetic intersections, the laying of theodolite lines, the joint laying of the moves and the polar method, using the surveyor reference network as the starting points, the heights of the points are determined by technical and trigonometric leveling. When creating networks, Nerudproekt LLC uses an electronic total station Sokkia Set 600, which provides the required measurement accuracy. Processing of surveying measurements and drawing up graphic documentation is carried out using computer technology. All types of mine surveying are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Instruction for the production of mine surveying" RD 07-603-03 (section I, II, III and p. 385-416, 428-434). 1.7 Operational reconnaissance
No operational exploration is planned for 2008. Section 2. Mining operations
2.1 Main directions of mining development in 2008
In 2008, it is planned to develop the southern part of the site along the border of reserves calculation. The overburden thickness is 5 m on average. The height of the production bench does not exceed 12.0 m, the bottom elevation is +29.0 m (to the lower technical boundary of the field development, which is 1 m higher than the average value of the groundwater level). 2.2 Opening and preparation for exploitation of new horizons
The deposit was opened by a permanent internal entry trench. The development of the useful strata is carried out by one production horizon. Opening of new horizons in 2008 is not planned. 2.3 Development system and its parameters
The plan for the experimental-industrial development of the quarry adopted a continuous, transport system of development with a single-side front of stripping and mining operations, with internal dumping. This system provides the safest and most economical mining operation. The method of extracting a mineral is continuous. The mineral is represented by limestone, the bulk density of which is 2.5 t / m 3... Coefficient of hardness of rocks on the scale of M.M. Protodyakonov - VI, fracture category - III. By the difficulty of development, limestones belong to the VI-VII group of rocks according to SNiP - 5-82. The loosening factor is 1.5. The small thickness of the reservoir predetermined the choice technological scheme with the use of the most maneuverable mining and transport equipment of cyclic action: excavator - motor transport, both in overburden and in mining operations. Mineral development is carried out with direct loading with an E - 2503 excavator, with a bucket capacity of 2.5 m 3into KrAZ-256 dump trucks, after preliminary loosening of limestone by explosion. Due to the low thickness of the soil-vegetation layer (PRS), the latter is developed by the DZ-171.01-05 bulldozer and is assembled into shafts for further use in the restoration of disturbed lands. Overburden development is carried out with an E-2503 excavator with loading into KrAZ-256 dump trucks and transportation to an internal dump located in the mined-out area of the open pit. 2.3.1 Elements of the development system
Limestone development is carried out by a mining bench with a height not exceeding the height of excavation of an excavator along the blasted massif (no more than 9.0 m), and the height of the mining bench in its entirety does not exceed 12.0 m. The width of the excavator run is 10.8 m.The slope angle of the mining working ledge is assumed to be 80 0, non-working - 75 0... The minimum length of the work front for one excavator is 130.0 m. The width of the working platform for the excavator is determined by calculation (Appendix No. 2, NTP, 77): A. For loose and soft rocks with a bench height up to 8 m: Sh R = A + P P + P O + P b + P O where: A - width of excavator entry E - 2503 (A = 1.5 R h. u.) , 10.8 m (Table 11.1); P P - width of the carriageway for KrAZ-256, 8.0 m (Table 11.2), P O - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m (Table 11.2); P b - safety lane width, 1.1 m P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) = 12 * 0.0916 = 1.1 m. H - height of the underlying production ledge, 12 m; φ , a - the angles of the stable and working slopes of the underlying ledge, 75 0, 800
P 0- the width of the shoulder from the lower side, taking into account the device of the tray and the fence, 4.5 m (Table 11.2); Sh R = 10.8 + 8.0 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 4.5 = 25.9 m we take 26 m. B. For rocks: Shr = B + Po + Pp + Po 1+ PB B - the width of the breakup of the blasted rock, m; B = A 1+ M = 11.1 + 20.76 = 31.86 m A 1= P b 1+ H (ctg α - ctg γ ) + in (n-1) = 3 + 12 (ctg 75 0-ctg 80 0) +3.5 (3-1) = 11.1 m A 1- drill run width, 11.1 m; M - incomplete camber width, 20.76 m; Po - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m; Пп - width of the carriageway, 8.0 m; By 1- shoulder width from the lower side, 4.5 m; PB - width of the safety strip (collapse prism), 0.4 m at the height of the underlying production bench H = 4 m Fr = 31.86 + 1.5 + 8 + 4.5 + 0.4 = 46.26 m (we take 47 m) (Fr = 31.0 m - on the lower horizon) The minimum width of the working platform for the DZ-171.1-05 bulldozer will be equal to: Sh b = L + P b + P v + L cx = 4.12 + 4.0 + 2.0 + 4.88 = 15 m where: L -
bulldozer length 4,12
m (passport); L cx - free stroke length 4.88 m; P b - safety lane width, 4.0 m P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) = 8 * (ctg 40 - ctg 55) = 4.0 m P v - safety shaft width, 2.0 m Table 4 Development system parameters. Name of indicators rev. Steps in overburden, open pit loam loam Heights of ledges 0.28.04 ÷ 12.0 Marking with sole -45.0 29.0 - 33.0 Width of the working platform 9.026.031.0 - 47.0 Width of the transport berm 15.014.014.0 Width of the safety berm 1.51.10 - 0.4 Angle of the ledge slope: deg. - worker 5580 - stable 4075 Width of entry for excavators - 10.812.0 Width of rock breakup after explosions - 19.93 - 31.86 Angle of slope of the blade ledge: deg. - working 4545 - - stable 3838 - The slope angle of the pit side at the extinguishment of mining hail. --45 2.4 Technology and organization of mining operations
The existing technology and structure of complex mechanization of the field development is adopted in accordance with the mining technical conditions of the given field. The scheme of transport communications was selected taking into account the terrain, in accordance with the mining technical conditions at the quarry. Exits to the quarry are accepted with the oncoming traffic of loaded and empty vehicles. 2.4.1 Stripping work
Overburden rocks at the deposit are represented by fine-grained clay sands with interlayers of clays, fine-grained sands and sandy clays, deluvial loams. The loam is covered with a soil-vegetation layer 0.2 m thick. The thickness of the overburden in the area being developed ranges from 2.5 to 8.0 m. In terms of its physical and mechanical properties, soft overburden belongs to the 2nd category of rocks according to the difficulty of excavation (ENV-79) and to the 1-2 group of rocks according to SNiP 1V-2-82. The PRS is raked by the DZ-171.1-05 bulldozer into the shaft in the southern part of the site along the reserve calculation border. Subsequently, the soil and vegetation layer will be used for reclamation work. Sandy-clay overburden is removed by an E-2503 excavator and loaded into a KrAZ-256 vehicle with its placement in an internal dump. The average shift volume of overburden mining and loading operations is 274 m 3in the whole. The total amount of stripping in 2008 will amount to 82.3 thousand. m 3, including PRS - 3.3 thousand m 3