How nuts are processed. Walnut Processing Line Walnut Processing

Business ecology. You can talk endlessly about the beneficial properties of the nut. A useful product is in great demand, has a decent price, with such a profitable product it is easy to build a profitable nut business.

Nut business

Initial investment: 350 tr.
Monthly profit: 500 thousand rubles
Payback period: 1 season

There are about 30-40 nut populations on the globe. Walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, cashews, pistachios, peanuts (groundnuts), coconut and pine nuts are the most common types we know best.

The existence of nuts has been known since the Stone Age. They contain trace elements, vitamins, easily digestible proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids necessary for human health. You can talk endlessly about the beneficial properties of the nut. A useful product is in great demand, has a decent price, with such a profitable product it is easy to build a profitable nut business.

The plan for this business is pretty simple -buy in bulk different kinds, peel, fry, pack in beautiful packages and sell the finished product.

Income can range from 30% and more.

First you need market research ... Nuts are widely used in cooking, so it is advisable to arrange delivery to confectionery shops, cafes, restaurants and other catering points.

You can also supply goods to markets, you can negotiate the supply of packaged nuts to shops and supermarkets in the city, or you can organize your own point of sale or your own online store. If you plan to develop your business on a larger scale, then it is possible export walnuts to Europe, where the demand for it is about 100 thousand tons per year.

Earning on walnuts

Consider the costs and payback of a walnut business. There can be three options: the sale of harvested free-growing wild nuts, the sale of nuts purchased at a low price from the population, or the sale of their grown nuts. As you know, walnuts are not frost-resistant, therefore they grow mainly in the southern regions of Russia, therefore, it is recommended to buy or grow walnuts there. As further development businesses can consider purchasing in Central Asia or Ukraine.

Often, walnut trees grow on their own along roads or in a nearby forest. You can harvest them by your own efforts or with the help of local residents by placing an advertisement in the local newspaper and organizing a reception point. The average wholesale price of unpeeled walnuts when purchasing is 50 rubles per kg.

The price depends on the abundance of nuts in the region and can be much lower. Next, you need to free them from the shell. This can be done both on your own, and you can involve neighboring boys who want to earn extra money in this occupation. To get 5 kg of peeled nuts, it is necessary to process about 10 kg of unpeeled. The price of nuts in supermarkets in winter ranges from 150 to 350 rubles. per kg, that is, on average - 250 rubles.

Payback walnuts

Let's sum up some simple approximate calculations:

Let's say you bought 100 kg of nuts for 50 rubles. We paid 15 rubles for cleaning the shell. per kg. We spent 500 rubles on packing. In total, all costs were about 5000 + 1500 + 500 = 7000 rubles. The yield of the peeled kernel was 50 kg, which was sold at 350 rubles. Thus, from 100 kg, the income is 11,500 rubles.

If you work yourself, then the profit will be greater. Walnut kernels can be sold raw or roasted. Here you should take into account the additional investment for the purchase of a frying oven, but the price for fried kernels will increase significantly. Additional income can bring and sell shells and membranes to pharmaceutical companies, beauty salons.

If you want to work for the long term, you have financial start-up capital, then consider the possibility of laying a walnut garden. Investments for laying a garden were made on the basis of 1 hectare. Plowing the land - 6,000 rubles, preparation of planting holes - 3,000 rubles, purchase of 100 pcs. seedlings - 30,000 rubles, transportation costs for the delivery of seedlings and their planting - 2,500 rubles.

Watering and caring for seedlings per year costs about 15,000-20,000 rubles. It is necessary to take into account the costs of renting land and protecting the site. Starting from the age of 5, the cost of protecting seedlings can be reduced due to its irrationality. The need for protection will be only 2-3 months a year during the fruiting period.

Trees begin to bear fruit around the 3rd year, but in full force- for 5-6 years. From 100 seedlings, you can expect 2-4 tons of nut harvest, depending on the variety of seedlings and environmental conditions. Yields will increase by about 20% every year. The amount of harvest will be significantly influenced by climatic conditions - during frosts, part of the peduncles dies, which affects the fruit ovary. Profit from walnuts is guaranteed for more than a dozen years.

Pine nut

Pine nuts are not only tasty, but also a very healthy product. Cedar oil, oleoresin, in folk medicine is considered a panacea for many diseases. The organization of your own production engaged in the processing of pine nuts into a kernel can be interesting and profitable business that brings the owner a stable income.

Payback of pine nuts

If the southern region of Russia is optimally suited for the walnut business on walnuts, then the north is on pine nuts. These "tough nuts" do not have to be grown, mother taiga is rich in them, and they belong to wild plants. Since September, local residents go out to the cedar fishery and until the first deep snow they collect cedar cones, peel nuts from them and hand them over to entrepreneurs-buyers in bulk. If you decide to start collecting cedar cones yourself, you will need to purchase a forest ticket, which allows you to collect up to 50 kg free of charge, over 3 rubles. per kg.

Counting on a living on pine nuts, you can go in two ways: buy cones, process them and hand over pure nuts to wholesalers, or you can go further - to fry pine nuts, pack them and sell them, or peel them, getting a kernel, and sell the pine nuts themselves.

Technological process

The collected cones are crushed in a special peeling device, in small batches. The crushed raw materials are placed in bags or containers.

Large debris is removed using vibrating trays using the shaking method. Further, the raw material is processed in a winnower.

The walnut, completely cleaned of debris, is calibrated to a diameter of 0.5 - 0.8 cm in a sieve classifier and goes to peeling, or, the collapse of the shell. Peeling is the most time-consuming and meticulous process, because its main task is to keep the kernel intact and safe. Only the use of modern high-tech equipmentwill allow you to get a core of excellent quality.

Devices for processing pine cones.

By organizing small business you can do without purchasing a powerful line, and buy a simple device - a machine for processing pine cones. It performs almost the same functions, but has a lower capacity, about 150 kg. Such equipment costs about 57 thousand rubles.

For a home business, you can make a peeling unit yourself. There are many simple schemes for making such a device.

Processing 50 kg of cones (about 1 bag) will cost 30 rubles.

Estimated costs (figures are averaged, in each region they may vary in one direction or another, depending on your entrepreneurial spirit):

Premises rental - the price is purely individual;
purchase of cones - 2,000 rubles. per bag;
purchase of a plant for processing pine cones into nuts - 50,000 rubles;
service for processing cedar cones (if you do not have your own equipment) - one bag (50 kg) of cones - 25 rubles. Keep in mind that losses after processing are no more than 3-5%;
drying chamber - from 270 thousand rubles;
vacuum packing machine - 45,000 rubles;
the run-up of the cost of ready-made, assembled workshops for processing pine nuts per kernel is from 1.5 million rubles. up to 11 million rubles. depending on productivity per shift;
the price for 1 kg of unpeeled pine nuts is 350 rubles;
the price for 1 kg of peeled cedar kernel is 800-1000 rubles.

The documents:

Required documents for the lesson entrepreneurial activity on nuts: registration individual entrepreneur, certificates of conformity of product quality.

Business line options:

We all think that the pine nut is a completely useless fruit that is not good for anything. However, if you think about it, there are many uses for it. Its processing makes it possible to obtain high-quality oil, which is in great demand. And if you organize the production of this oil, then you can promote your business well, because the competition in this niche is minimal. For the production of cedar oil, a special press and filters will be required, the total cost of which is about 450,000 rubles. And you will also need a pouring (dispensing) device and containers.

Summarize:

So, the purchase of equipment for the processing of pine nuts will take about 370 thousand rubles. For the season, the profit can reach 500 thousand rubles, so the initial investment can be recouped already in the first season and come to a profit.

Whichever business plan you choose, remember that the business is sure to be profitable only if you comply withmajor competitive advantages : control of the constant quality of products, bright packaging design, as wide a range as possible (fresh, fried nuts, different types in packages of various packing weights, etc.). published

1 950 usd / pcs.

We offer lines for processing walnut of various configurations and performance.

Pre-calibration of the walnut is NOT REQUIRED!

On the line, the walnut goes through the following processing stages:

1. Splitting the walnut shell

2. Separation of the kernel from the shell, cleaning

3. Sizing of kernels into fractions

4. Aspiration - cleaning the kernel from dust, debris, small particles and small shells

Butterfly yield,%: 20 - 60

You can see and evaluate the operation of equipment for walnut processing by visiting us.

We manufacture equipment for walnut processing: calibrators, nutcrackers, walnut cracking machines, vibrating screens, aspirators, FULL CYCLE, Walnut processing line. Any configuration with your characteristics.

You can get more detailed information by calling by phone. Line video: http://youtu.be/zByvJr8g8ys.

"NPP Service Pack" produces and offers industrial equipment for the processing of walnuts and hazelnuts of various capacities for large processing enterprises and for small businesses.

We offer machines for peeling nuts from green pericarp with subsequent washing and drying of nuts, nut calibrators, nut cracker machines of different types of walnut cracking, walnut kernel beaters from "dense" conveyors and inspection tables, vibro-calibration sieves with aspiration for sorting kernels (butterfly, quarter, eight, crumbs) and removal of shells, drying cabinets and drying tanks "one and a half ton" vacuum packers for kernels, disintegrators for grinding walnut shells into crumbs for making pellets and for powder up to 40 microns for abrasive and cosmetics, etc.

European workmanship, European and North Korean components. Real Hardware Warranty-1 ...

2,900 - 3,000 usd / pc.

"NPP Service Pak". We offer the MKO-03 nut cracker, recognized by many experienced walnut processors as the best. The machine is designed to break the walnut shells to obtain the optimal amount of whole kernel. Machine productivity - 140kg / hour. "MKO-03" has many technological settings for working with nuts of different sizes, the machine breaks the shell of the nut at least six points, which allows you to significantly increase the quality of splitting and obtaining a whole kernel. "MKO-3" consumes 0.55 kW and can operate from a 220V or 380V network, is equipped with reliable electronics and an Italian gear motor. MKO-03 is used both as a separate unit and in industrial lines for processing walnuts. We also manufacture equipment for the separation of nuts from the green pericarp with subsequent washing of the nuts, calibrators, vibrating sieves with aspiration for separating the shell and separating the kernel into fractions, pre-punching machines for working with the "chisel", inspection stations ...

We manufacture equipment for walnut processing. Our nut cracker machines give the optimum whole nut kernel and real butterfly production (75%). We also produce calibrators for nuts, vibrating sieves with the function of shell aspiration, beaters for kernels from chipped nuts such as "Cleaver" "Greedy" "Bone", sorting and bulkhead conveyors for 8 or more places, disintegrators for grinding shells into powder-flour, packers kernels.

We customize equipment, provide assistance with delivery anywhere in the world, perform commissioning, warranty, service.

Viber: +38 067 776 38 39; +38 050 257 45 35

Email: [email protected]

A line for processing (splitting and sorting) walnuts and hazelnuts is on sale. The equipment is located in Rostov-on-Don. Warranty service until October 2014.

Price: Negotiable

ALL QUESTIONS ONLY BY PHONES:

Brief description of equipment:

Machine for cracking walnut shells "MKO"

We present to your attention practically new equipment for processing walnuts and hazelnuts. PAY ATTENTION, the equipment is factory certified, has a technical passport. It is a line (full cycle) of processing - from calibration to packaging of the finished kernel. The line includes 5 machines that can work in a complex or separately. This equipment in a work shift processes more than 1000 kg of raw materials, a large% of the kernel yield! Individual units are capable of performing a volume of about 5-6 tons per work shift. The complex also includes 2 systems for cleaning (aspiration) from debris and shells. The main components of this line (motors, gearboxes) are made in Italy and have a guarantee. The price is negotiable, barter (exchange) is possible. You can find out all your questions by calling 89614106107, 89185210874 or e-mail [email protected] [email protected]

This business project is the construction of a walnut processing plant on the territory of Moldova and the purchase of 100 hectares of land for planting an intensive walnut, which brings income for 4 years. The gross harvest of walnuts per hectare is 3 tons. The walnut processing plant, during the entire period of the garden's growth, will work intensively, that is, the purchase of peeled or not peeled walnuts from the population will be dried out at a cost below market value. All assembled products will be sold in Europe and the CIS countries, where the cost of these products is much higher, and the quality is at the level of foreign analogues. After the 100 hectare walnut orchard bears fruit, the production volume will be 300 tons of walnut and the cost of this product will be 5,000,000 euros. Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

1. Planting and operation of a walnut orchard with an area of 100 hectares

COMPETITIVENESS

CONCLUSION - According to these calculations, the payback period of the walnut garden is included in the critical maximum of 5 years! - The project participants form and strengthen the walnut business. - European partners provide their region Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

A business plan is being considered for a comprehensive program of a closed cycle of the nut business:

1. Planting and operation of a walnut orchard with an area of 100 hectares,

2. Walnut processing (peeling, sizing, pre-sale preparation).

3. Making nut butter and crushing walnut shells for further use.

COMPETITIVENESS

The business will be successful due to the following:

1. A potential client has an urgent need for a product;

2. Waste-free production of business (wood, leaves, branches, roots are raw materials for light, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries);

3. Long-term profit (100-120 years);

4. Long shelf life of the product, no special storage conditions and simple transportation conditions.

PRODUCT - Calibrated and packaged walnuts for sale on the European market. - Quality calibrated walnut kernels in vacuum packaging for European sales. - Walnut oil for food, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. MARKET AND COMPETITION Annual product shortage in Europe is 100,000 tons. The taste qualities of our product (Ukrainian walnut) are superior to those existing, except for the USA (California).

Business is exposed to the following risk factors:

1. Climatic conditions (global climate change);

2. Human factor(vandalism, theft);

3. Natural pests: Walnut moth (Gracillaria rosciopenella), walnut moth (Сydia pomonella)

1. CALCULATION OF INCOME FOR LANDING AND OPERATION OF A WALNUT GARDEN

At the moment, the potential client is in dire need of the product and offers 1.2 euros / kg of unpeeled walnuts. The price before the crisis was 1.6 - 1.8 euros / kg. Tonnage from 100 hectares of walnut orchard (4 years old) is calculated on the basis of 3 t / ha. Total from 100 hectares. collecting 300 tons of dry walnuts. When splitting a nut, the output of a marketable kernel is 50%, that is, we get 150,000 kg. walnut kernels. The wholesale cost of a walnut kernel is about 4 euros / kg. The price before the crisis was up to 6 - 8 euros / kg. The siderat in the walnut garden can be a pumpkin before the crown of the trees closes. According to the adopted sowing scheme, the gross harvest of pumpkin from 100 hectares will be 2,000 tons. The minimum cost is 200 euros / t.

Income from the sale of unpeeled walnuts after 4-5 years for 100-120 years will be: 300,000 kg. x 1.2 euros = 360,000 euros. Income can be increased by providing storage of the product for 3-4 months after harvest. When selling the kernel of a split nut (½ and ¼), the income will be :. 150,000 kg. x 6 euros = 900,000 euros. Additional income from the sale of pumpkin products from the first year of planting the orchard will be: 2,000 tons x 100 euros = 200,000 euros Annually for the first 3-4 years.

EXPENSES 2015: - Expenses for the preparation of the project of the walnut orchard - 1200 euros. - Land preparation (plowing, harrowing, cultivation) - 11,000 euros. - Preparation of planting holes (digging, backfilling with fertilizer) - 1300 euros; - Purchase planting material(12,000 seedlings, the average cost of which is 18 euros.) - 216,000 euros. - Transportation, customs clearance of planting material to the landing site - 25,000 euros. - Planting seedlings, watering 11,000 euros. - Installation of a fence and a structure for the watchman - 48,000 euros. - Labor remuneration - 18,000 euros. Total: 331.500 euros.

2016: EXPENSES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE GARDEN 1. Before the purchase of planting material (we accept the survival rate of 80%) - 43 200 euros. 2. Plowing, disking between rows (weed removal, moisture retention) - 3000 euros. 3. Plowing of near-stem land (manually 5 UAH / unit) - 4100 euros 4. Irrigation (Delivery of 4 m3 of water - 250 UAH. We accept 0.5 m3 per tree) - 3250 euros. (further watering at your discretion); 5. Protection of the garden in spring and summer (average 5 months) - 3000 euros. 6. Insurance Total: 56 350

Expenses for sowing siderata - pumpkin variety "One hundred pounds": 1. Cost of seeds: seeding rate - 2000 seeds per hectare + 25% per 80 hectares = 16,000 seeds or 160 kg. x 60 UAH / kg. = 9 600 UAH 2. Sowing with the SBN-3 seeder 20 000 UAH. 3. Manual two-time weeding with hilling and forming the crown 620 people / day x 50 UAH = 31 000 UAH. 4. Top dressing, fertilizers, pest and disease control 12 000 UAH. 5. Pumpkin harvesting - UAH 62,000. 6. Pre-sale preparation, processing: 120 000 UAH. Total: 254,600 UAH = 26,000 euros Total 413,850 euros. of which 106 650 euros are the costs of the Ukrainian partner. Taxes and overheads are not taken into account (costs of the Ukrainian partner)

2017: Proceeds from the sale of pumpkin 200,000 euros. Reimbursement of costs for design, purchase of seedlings and creation of a garden (50%) - 240,200 euros. Total: 440,200 euros. Costs: Maintenance of the garden and pumpkin cultivation - 72,350 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 41,150 euros. Loan repayment - EUR 307,200. Total 420 700

2018: Remaining profit in 2017 - € 19,500. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkin 200,000 euros. Total: 219.500 Costs: Garden maintenance and pumpkin cultivation - 29,150 euros. Land lease, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment and construction of a walnut processing plant 100,000 euros. Total € 171,150

2019: Profit balance in 2018 - 48,350 euros. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkin 200,000 euros. Proceeds from the sale of the walnut € 600,000. Costs: Maintenance of the garden - 14,000 euros. Land lease, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment for automatic harvesting of walnuts in the garden.

Starting from 2020, income is 1,200,000 euros. 2. OBTAINING WALNUT CORE (Peeling, calibration, pre-sale preparation). 3. INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF WALNUTS (Production of nut butter and crushing of walnut shells for further use).

Various types of equipment are used for processing walnuts - from manual devices for peeling the peel to units specializing in deep processing of raw materials, including equipment for the production of oil and extract from leaves.

Growing walnuts for sale

For example: 200 trees will be placed on 1 hectare. The costs of soil processing and site preparation, purchase and transportation of planting material and fertilizers average $ 2500-3000. This figure will increase if a hired worker takes care of walnut trees (watering, crown formation, hilling, weeding, fertilizing).

With an average yield of 18 kg from one tree, 1 ha will yield at least 3.2 tons of fruits.

The purchase price for 1 kg of unpeeled nuts is $ 1- $ 2, which gives income of $ 3200- $ 6400. Thus, the investment will pay off in a couple of years, and in the future will give a net profit.

The maximum income comes from the sale of shelled kernels, especially halves (butterflies). If a kilogram of round timber costs an average of $ 0.9- $ 1.4, then a kilogram of peeled kernels is $ 6.1- $ 6.8.

Risks

A walnut growing business does not guarantee quick profits. Contrary to numerous articles on the Internet, it will not work to open your own processing plant in 5-6 years. This business plan is designed for the long term.

Its risks include weather conditions, pests and plant diseases. Temperature changes observed in last years, violate the natural timing of fruit ripening and reduce productivity.

Reduces its pests (walnut moth, walnut moth) and diseases (white spot, bacteriosis). Fruits lose their presentation and taste, in the worst case, it comes to the death of the plant, which requires the manufacturer to spend additional money on processing seedlings or buying new ones.

It is more profitable to organize the purchase of round timber from the population. This will save not only money, but also time.

The costs in this case will be minimal, and you can earn money by selling the halves of the kernels peeled from the shell.

Main types of processing equipment

In small and medium-sized businesses, units are used for both primary (splitting) and deep processing of raw materials, which make it possible to obtain an extract from a green fruit, nut butter or tea from leaves.

Peelants

The device in the form of a drum removes the pericarp, speeds up the processing of round timber and does not damage the shell.

At the same time, it washes away the iodine present in the green peel, preserving the light color of the kernel, and carries out preventive washing of the fruit from dirt and dust.

Calibrator for nuts

Divides round timber into fractions by diameter before processing on nutcrackers, which require calibration of raw materials, increasing the percentage of butterfly yield. It can be linear (with a flexible system of settings) and rotary (the holes are fixed, cannot be adjusted).

Nutcrackers

Designed for accurate splitting of round timber, which ultimately determines the cost of production.

Nutcrackers used in processing are divided into:

Manual - characterized by a low level of profitability and productivity (up to 5 kg / h). Suitable for home use only.
Mechanical - the calibrated round timber enters the hopper and falls under the press, which is activated by a hand lever. Nuclei extraction rate - up to 30 kg / h. Used in everyday life and small business.
Electric - processes 50-200 kg / h. It is used for small and medium-sized businesses.
Industrial - core extraction rate - up to 1 t / h. They peel the round timber from the shell without preliminary calibration, which saves time and money.

Vibrating sieve

Above the chopped round timber goes to a sieve, where it is divided into fractions. The unbroken nut is returned to the cradle. Butterflies, quarters and eights are fed into an aspiration system to blow out shells, dust and third-party debris. At the end, both the shell and the kernels (depending on the fraction) are delivered to a separate container.

Industrial lines

The walnut processing line is a complete turnkey workshop solution for a novice entrepreneur. In its basic version, it includes a calibrator, an industrial nut cracker, a crushing machine, tools for extracting the core, a vibrating sieve and a business plan drawn up.

This simple system can process up to 1.6 tons of raw materials per day. Depending on the wishes of the client, the line can be supplemented with a vibrating sieve, an aspiration system, or a belt conveyor.

Leading manufacturers of processing equipment

The leading equipment manufacturer in Europe is AMB ROUSSET (France). Since 1970 it has been producing powerful full cycle lines.

Jessee Equipment Manufacturing is the leader in the USA. Over its 60-year history, the company has earned a reputation as a manufacturer of high-quality and reliable equipment. The company is actively introducing various innovative technologies such as the calibration of raw materials with a laser.

Tekhnika-Rostov assembles modular equipment systems that are easy to install and transport and meet the requirements of each client. The great advantage of the products of this manufacturer is its affordable price and after-sales service.

Today, walnut processing is a very good idea for small businesses.

In this article, using the example of Ukraine, we will consider such a type of small business as walnut processing. So there are climatic conditions that not in every country walnuts can grow and ripen. In Ukraine, 120-130 yew grows annually. tons of walnuts and in this indicator only the USA and China can compete with Ukraine 460 yew. t and 700 yew. t, respectively. However, in China, almost the entire walnut crop goes to the domestic market, the same situation is in the United States, so Ukraine proudly ranks first in the export of these products (more than 80% of products are exported).

In any type of business, including small, the most important thing is profitability. Therefore, before starting this small business, you need to carefully calculate everything and draw up a business plan. I must say right away that not everyone succeeds in processing walnuts. The profitability of walnut processing is about 50%. In this business, who you will sell to plays a very important role. finished products... If you focus on the domestic market, then the profit will not be so great, but if you try to reach large buyers abroad, then your profit will be much higher. But reaching out to overseas wholesalers is not easy, so many manufacturers donate processed walnuts to domestic wholesalers.

Types of shell cleaning.

When processing walnuts, there are several ways to clean them from the shell:

manual cleaning;
vacuum method;
mechanical method;
soaking with roasting;
cleaning with a sizing - crushing apparatus.

Now let's look at each method in more detail.

Manual cleaning walnuts from the shell is the most ancient method of cleaning, which has survived to our time. The profitability of this cleaning method is very low. People who are engaged in nut shelling receive a pittance at such enterprises, there is a very large turnover of personnel and often people who have nowhere else to go, pensioners and disabled people work. How does this cleaning method work? There are large tables at which workers are sitting. There are large heaps of walnuts in the middle of the tables. Beside each worker there are containers for shells, quarters, halves and chops. This type of cleaning has remained in China, we practically do not have such workshops.

Vacuum method peeling walnuts is already a more advanced method compared to manual processing. The technology is as follows: the walnut is loaded into a container for compressed air, after which air is pumped into the container by a compressor and after a while it is abruptly discharged. From a sharp drop in pressure, the walnut shell does not withstand and bursts.

Mechanical method of peeling nuts... The walnut peeling technology is as follows: the walnut is poured into the hopper, then the walnut is fed to the press, which breaks the shell with the help of mechanical pressure on the walnut. The pressure on the press is regulated, depending on the quality of the nut and the thickness of the shell. A significant disadvantage of this method is that all nuts are different and the pressure for their peeling is different, so a lot of rejection is obtained which the press simply crushed. You also need to constantly regulate the pressure, and this greatly slows down the process of peeling the walnut.

Soaking with roasted walnuts... The technology is as follows: the nut is poured into a container with water and soaked for a while, then it is placed in an oven with a temperature of 600 to 900 degrees Celsius for a few seconds. Excessive pressure is created inside the nut and the shell bursts.

Cleaning with a sizing - crushing apparatus, this is the most common type of walnut shelling. The technology is as follows: the nut is sieved into fractions with the help of a calibration sieve, and then it is fed through a conveyor belt to the crushing apparatus. The crushing compartment has several compartments for different fractions or one, the size of which is regulated depending on the fraction. The walnut in the crushing apparatus is cracked and fed to the winnower, which separates the shell from the kernel. Then the nut goes to a calibration sieve, which separates the various fractions of the kernel.

It is worth noting that whichever cleaning method you choose, you should not forget that whatever equipment you have, you still have to do some manual work. Alas, there is no way without it.

Walnut processing: equipment.

Equipment for peeling and processing walnuts is quite expensive, so many novice businessmen make it with their own hands. If finances allow you, then it is better to buy ready-made equipment. This will firstly increase the productivity of your small business, and secondly, you will not have to rack your brains over the development of new equipment. The approximate cost of a line for peeling walnuts is from 200 to 900 yew. dollars. This is certainly not enough.

Walnut processing: purchase of raw materials.

The purchase of raw materials is the most important aspect this small business. During the year, the price for round walnut varies greatly. The smallest cost per season, and then the price increase right up to the next season. Therefore, large walnut processors purchase large quantities per season, and then dry them and store them in a warehouse. But in order to purchase such a large batch, which would be enough for a whole year, large investments and large storage facilities are needed. Also, during storage, it is necessary to maintain the correct maintenance regime so that the nut does not get wet and dry. The purchase of raw materials can be carried out in bulk from large owners of walnut orchards, as well as from the population. Buying from orchards is good that the nut is of the same variety, and consequently the shell is the same and the same size, and this will greatly facilitate the subsequent calibration of the round nut and reduce losses during shelling. When buying a round nut from the population, you will not save a lot, but the nut that you buy will be harvested under different trees and will have to be calibrated more carefully. Also, when buying a nut from the population, one must not forget that there are varieties of nuts in which the shell is thick and it peels off very badly. So when buying raw materials, you need to look both ways and choose products very carefully so as not to be left without a profit.

GOST standards according to which nuts are divided.

After splitting, according to GOST standards, nuts are divided into the following categories:

“Extra” class contains halves and quarters, but their content should not exceed 10%;
The first grade allows the content of 15% of the total mass of 1/8 nuts.
Halves, this category includes halves of a nut, while their content should be at least 80% of the total mass. The remaining 20% are quarters and the core is three quarters of the halves.
Quarters.

Kernels are sorted on a sieve sieve.

Also, the price and quality of the sold walnut kernel is affected by its moisture content, it should be no more than 10%.

Walnut Processing: Small Business Expansion.

If you have decided to seriously engage in walnut processing, then you should think about creating your own garden. This will greatly reduce the cost of raw materials and make your enterprise not dependent on anyone. Also a big plus is that you can plant nuts at your place. good quality, which will greatly facilitate the processing and calibration process for you. For a garden, you just need to rent 50 hectares of land from the state for 49 years. Of course, you will not have to invest badly financially, but the garden will fully pay for itself in 3 years. Also, you can not only sell shelled nuts, but also you can sell round nuts.

The article is in the section: Business ideas with medium investment.