Naval exercises and events. Naval exercises and events Project 671 nuclear submarine

Project 671Р "Ruff" (NATO "Victor I")
Displacement: surface 4100 t; underwater 6085 t
Dimensions: Length 92.5 m (303 ft 5 in) width 11.7 m (38 ft 5 in); draft 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in).
Power point: two pressurized water cooled nuclear reactors BM-4T feeding steam turbine OK-300, transmitting torque with a capacity of 22.7 mgW (31,000 hp) to a five-blade propulsion device. It is also equipped with two two-blade propellers for low strokes.
Speed: surface course 12 knots and underwater course 32 knots.
Immersion depth: working 320 m (1050 ft); limit 396 m (1,300 ft).
Torpedo tubes: six 533 mm (21 ") and two 406 mm (16") nasal apparatus.
Armament: maximum ammunition of 18533 mm (21-inch) torpedoes, standard loading eight 533-mm (21-inch) anti-ship or anti-submarine torpedoes, 10406-mm (16-inch) anti-submarine torpedoes and two 533 mm (21-inch) anti-ship torpedoes with nuclear warheads with a yield of 15 kilotons or 36 bottom mines. AMD-1000.
Rockets: two Tsakra anti-submarine missiles (SS-N-15 Starfish) with 15 kiloton nuclear warheads.
Electronic weapons: Surface target detection radar MRK-50 "Topol", nasal low-frequency active passive GAS "Rubin", GAS mine detection MG-24 "Luch", RER equipment "Zaliv-R" passive detection and warning, reconnaissance hydroacoustic receiver MG-14, microwave and UHF communication systems and underwater telephone MG-29 "Kost".
Crew: 100 people.

Project 671RT (NATO "Victor II")
Displacement: surface 4700 tons; underwater 7190 t.
Dimensions: length 101.8 m (334 ft); width 10.8 m (35 ft 4 in) draft 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in).
Power point: like boats of the "Victor I" type.
Speed: surface course 12 knots and underwater course 31.7 knots.
Torpedo tubes: as in boats of the "Victor I" type, additionally two 650-mm (25.6-inch) bow devices.
Immersion depth: like boats of the "Victor I" type.
Armament: as in boats of the "Victor I" type, an additional six pieces of armament caliber 650 mm.
Rockets: like boats of the "Victor I" type.
Electronic weapons: bow low-frequency active-passive GAS MGK-400 "Rubicon", the rest, as in boats of the "Victor I" type, additionally a towed low-frequency communication buoy "Paravan" and a floating antenna for low frequency communication equipment "Molniya-671".
Crew: 110 people.

Project 671RTM (K) "Pike" (NATO "Victor III")
Displacement: surface 5000 t; underwater 7000 t
Dimensions: length 107.2 m (351 B inches); width 10.8 m (35 ft 4 in); draft 7.4 m (24 fugue 2 inches).
Power point: like boats of the "Victor I" type.
Speed: surface course 18 knots and underwater course 30 knots.
Immersion depth: like boats of the "Victor I" type.
Torpedo tubes: like boats of the "Victor II" type.
Armament: like boats like "Victor II" Rockets: like boats like "Victor II", additionally two cruise missiles "Granat" (SS-N-21 "Samson) or two missile-torpedoes" Aquarius "(SS-N-16" Stellion)
Electronic weapons: like boats of the "Victor II" type, additionally towed by GAS Python.
Crew: 115 people.

PROJECT 671 NUCLEAR SUBMARINE

NUCLEAR SUBMARINE PROJECT 671

12.12.2017
CONFERENCE: 50th ANNIVERSARY OF THE DELIVERY OF THE PROJECT 671 NUCLEAR HEAD TO THE Navy.

On December 7, 2017, a scientific and technical conference was held, timed to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the delivery of the lead nuclear submarine of Project 671 to the Navy. The conference was held on the basis of the St. Petersburg Maritime Bureau of Mechanical Engineering "Malachite" and was organized jointly with the oldest enterprise in the field of military shipbuilding - "Admiralty shipyards".
During the conference, speeches were made by scientists and designers who participated in the creation of Project 671 nuclear submarines.
The designer of the boat is SKB-143 (now the St. Petersburg Maritime Bureau of Mechanical Engineering "Malakhit"), chief designer Georgy Chernyshev. Technical task the project was approved in 1959, technical project completed by the end of 1960, and in April 1963 in Leningrad at the Novo-Admiralteyskiy shipyard (nowadays "Admiralty Shipyards") the lead boat of the K-38 project was laid, which was put into operation in 1967.
A total of 15 boats of Project 671 were built, most of them performed tasks as part of the Northern Fleet. Three submarines of Project 671, intended for the Pacific Fleet, were built according to the modified project 671 V.
VTS "BASTION", 12.12.2017

In December 1983, the large nuclear submarine K-324 was on active duty off the Atlantic coast of North America. Autonomous sailing took place in difficult conditions: there were problems with the water supply, the refrigeration unit was out of order, there was an exhausting heat in the compartments. The submarine was tasked with tracking the American frigate McCloy (type Bronstein), which is testing the latest TASS underwater surveillance system with an extended towed low-frequency hydroacoustic antenna. K-324 managed to record information about the parameters of the system.

Moreover, in the course of the tracking, some features of the interaction of the American surface ship with its submarines and components of the stationary complex for long-range sonar detection were revealed. However, unexpectedly "McCloy" stopped testing and went to base. K-324, left "without work", received an order to change the navigation area.

However, this could not be done - suddenly a strong vibration arose, requiring the shutdown of the main turbine. Having surfaced, the K-324 commander discovered that he had received an unexpected "valuable gift from Uncle Sam" - 400 m of the top-secret TA58 armored cable antenna had been wound around the propeller of his ship. Of course, the Soviet boat that surfaced in the area of ​​the American training ground was soon discovered by a "potential enemy." By the morning, destroyers Peterson and Nicholson (type "Spruens") arrived in the area of ​​the incident, establishing close guardianship for the K-324. Obviously, the commanders of these ships received a very specific order - by any means not to allow the Russians to take possession of the antenna. The "joint voyage" of the boat and the destroyers, which was practically immobilized, lasted almost 10 days, the Americans behaved more and more "harshly" (and what else could they do?), Trying to pass in the immediate vicinity behind the stern of the submarine and chop off the antenna. Fearing even more decisive actions by the destroyers, the boat commander, Captain 2nd Rank V.A.Terekhin, gave the order to prepare his ship for an explosion.

The situation was discharged only when the Soviet ship "Aldan" arrived to the aid of the K-324. The American command finally realized that it would hardly be possible to return its antenna by peaceful means, and to start a third world war because of the "hose" nobody wanted. As a result, the destroyers were recalled to the base, the K-324 was towed to Cuba by the Aldan, where it was repaired, and the ill-fated antenna was delivered to the USSR for detailed study.

The main "hero" of the described events was the cruising submarine of Project 671RTM - the seventh ship in the series, built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

In parallel with the development of work on the creation of fundamentally new nuclear submarines of projects 945 and 971, a very successful attempt was made in the USSR to "squeeze" the maximum possible out of the design of boats of projects 671 and 671RT. The modernized project 671RTM (code "Pike") is based on studies on the deployment of a new generation of electronic weapons - a powerful GAK, a navigation complex, a combat information and control system, an automated radio communications complex, reconnaissance complex equipment, as well as measures to reduce the ship's unmasking fields. In fact, Project 671RTM, like the missile submarine of Project 667BDRM, "smoothly passed" from the 2nd to the 3rd generation of nuclear-powered ships.

The chief designer of the 671RTM project was G.N. Chernyshev (creator of boats 671 and 671RT), in 1984 he was replaced by R.A.Shmakov.

One of the most important elements of the modernized nuclear submarine's armament was to become an anti-submarine missile system"Shkval", the development of which began in accordance with the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the SSR in 1960. The "ideologists" of the new complex were the scientists of the Moscow branch of TsAGI im. Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (now the State Research Center of TsAGI), in particular, Academician G.V. Logvinovich. The direct development of the weapon was carried out by NII-24 (now GNPO "Region") under the leadership of chief designer I. L. Merkulov (later he was replaced by V. R. Serov, and completed the work by E. D. Rakov).

The Shkval complex included a super-high-speed submarine missile developing 200 knots (with a cruising range of 11 km). This was achieved by using an engine running on hydroreactive fuel, as well as by moving the projectile in the gas cavity, which minimizes hydrodynamic drag. A missile equipped with a nuclear warhead was controlled by an inertial system that was not sensitive to interference.

The first launches of an underwater missile were carried out on Lake Issyk-Kul in 1964, and on November 29, 1977, the VA-111 Shkval complex with an M-5 missile was adopted by the Navy. It should be noted that there are no analogs to this highly effective complex, which has an almost absolute probability of hitting a target that has fallen within its reach, and at the present time there are no analogues abroad.

An additional set of measures was adopted to increase the secrecy of the nuclear submarine by introducing fundamentally new solutions for depreciation (1 n. "Disconnecting foundations"), acoustic decoupling of mechanisms and structures. The ship received a demagnetizing device that makes it difficult to detect by aircraft magnetometers.

The Skat-KS hydroacoustic complex (chief designer of B.E. India) ensured the detection and classification of targets, as well as their automatic tracking during noise direction finding in the sound and infrasonic frequency ranges. The complex made it possible to detect targets by means of echo direction finding with measuring the distance to them and gave initial data for target designation to torpedo weapons.

In terms of its capabilities, the Skat-KS complex was three times superior to the SACs of the previous generation and came close to the American complexes (although it was still inferior to them in terms of weight and dimensions). The maximum target detection range under normal hydrological conditions was 230 km. On-board noise receivers operating in passive mode were used, as well as an extended towed infrasonic antenna, folded up, placed in a special bulb-shaped container located above the vertical tail of the boat.

Navigation complex "Medveditsa-671RTM" provided continuous automatic generation of coordinates of place, course, speed relative to water and ground, roll and pitching angles, as well as automatic transfer of these parameters to other ship systems.

Combat information control system "Omnibus" produced automated collection, processing and visual display of information that ensures decision-making on maneuvering, combat use of weapons, as well as control of torpedo and rocket fire.

The ship was equipped with a new automated communications complex "Molniya-L" with a space communications system "Tsunami-B", as well as a special reconnaissance complex.

It was decided to simultaneously organize the construction of Project 671RTM submarines at the Leningrad Admiralty Association (with subsequent completion at the Zvezdochka shipyard) and in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, at the SZLK (with completion at the shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen).

The development of Project 671RTM submarines in the fleets was somewhat delayed. The reason for this was the lack of knowledge of the BIUS "Omnibus": until the mid-80s, the system was not able to fully solve the tasks assigned to it. On ships of early construction, the Omnibus had to be refined during the operation of the boats, which significantly limited their combat capabilities.

The most important improvement introduced on the Project 671RTM nuclear submarine is a fundamentally new type of weapon - the Granat strategic subsonic cruise missiles with a maximum firing range of 3,000 km. Equipping nuclear submarines with cruise missiles turned them fully into multipurpose ships capable of solving a wide range of tasks in both conventional and nuclear wars. In terms of their weight and size characteristics, the "Granat" missile systems did not actually differ from standard torpedoes. This made it possible to use them from standard 533-mm torpedo tubes.

The five last Leningrad-built boats were commissioned according to the 671RTMK project (with a weapons complex supplemented by a CD). Subsequently, the remaining ships of Project 671RTM were also equipped with cruise missiles.

After the entry into service, some of the boats received "proper names". Since 1996, K-414 has been called "Daniil Moskovsky", and K-448 (the last boat of Project 671 RTM, put into operation after the collapse of the Soviet Union) has been called "Tambov" since April 10, 1995. K-138 was named "Obninsk". Perhaps one of the most striking fragments in the biography of the Project 671RTM ships was the participation in the large-scale operations Aport and Atrina, conducted in the Atlantic by the forces of the 33rd Division and largely shaking the confidence of the "potential adversary" - the United States - in the possibility of its military - the naval fleet to solve anti-submarine missions.

On May 29, 1985, three boats of Project 671RTM (K-299, K-324 and K-502), as well as K-488 (Project 671RT), simultaneously left Zapadnaya Litsa. A little later, the K-147 (project 671) also joined them. Of course, the entry into the ocean of a whole compound of nuclear submarines could not go unnoticed by the American naval intelligence. An intensive search began, which, however, did not bring the expected results. At the same time, Soviet nuclear-powered submarines, acting covertly, themselves carried out intense work to track American missile submarines in their combat patrol areas (in particular, the K-324 had three sonar contacts with the American nuclear submarine, the total duration of which was 28 hours), and also studied the tactics of the US Navy anti-submarine aviation. The Americans managed to establish contact only with the K-488 (which was already returning to the base). Operation Aport ended on July 1.

In March-June 1987, operation Atrina, which was close in scope, was carried out, in which five boats of Project 671RTM took part - K-244 (commander 2nd rank captain Alikov), K-255 (commander 2nd rank captain Muratov), ​​K- 298 (Commander 2nd Rank Captain Popkov), K-299 (Commander 2nd Rank Captain Klyuev) and K-524 (Commander 2nd Rank Captain Smelkov), whose operations were supported by naval aviation aircraft, as well as by two Kolguev-class reconnaissance ships equipped with GAS with extended sonar antennas. Although the Americans knew about the withdrawal of nuclear-powered ships from Zapadnaya Litsa, they lost them in the North Atlantic. The dramatic "spearfishing" began again, in which almost all the anti-submarine forces of the US Atlantic Fleet took part - deck and coast-based aircraft, six anti-submarine nuclear submarines (in addition to the boats already deployed by the US Navy in the Atlantic), three powerful naval search groups and also three newest hydroacoustic observation ships of the "Stolworth" type, which use powerful underwater explosions to generate hydroacoustic impulses. The ships of the British fleet also joined the search operation. According to the stories of the commanders of the Soviet boats, the concentration of anti-submarine forces was such that it seemed almost impossible to swim up for a radio communication session and air pumping. Nevertheless, the nuclear submarines managed to go unnoticed into the Sargasso Sea region, where the Soviet "veil" was finally discovered.

The Americans managed to establish the first contacts with submarines only eight days after the start of Operation Atrina. At the same time, the nuclear submarines of Project 671RTM were mistaken for SSBNs, which further strengthened the worried American naval command and the political leadership of the United States (it should be recalled that the events described fell on the next peak of the Cold War, which at any moment could be transformed into a "hot "). When returning to the base to detach from American anti-submarine weapons, the submarine commanders were allowed to use secret hydroacoustic countermeasures.

The successful conduct of Operation Aport and Atrina confirmed the assumption that the US Navy, with the massive use of modern nuclear submarines by the USSR, will not be able to organize any effective countermeasures against them. The most difficult ice navigation at the end of 1985 was made by K-524 (commander - Captain 1st Rank V. Protopopov, senior on board - Commander of the 33rd Division Captain 1st Rank A.I. Shevchenko). The idea of ​​the campaign was to pass from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean, bypassing Greenland from the northeast. For this campaign, the commander of the nuclear submarine was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Entering the Lincoln Sea, the boat passed through the narrow and shallow Robson and Kennedy Straits separating Greenland from Grant Land and Grinnell Land, passed the Kane Basin, and through Smith Strait entered Baffin Bay and further into the North Atlantic.

The route was extremely difficult and dangerous. It abounded in shoals and icebergs, abundantly tossed by the glaciers of Greenland. In the Baffin Sea, because of icebergs, there were no safe depths at all. Under these conditions, the only reliable information tool was hydroacoustics. Already in the Atlantic, K-524 met with an American aircraft carrier; "America" ​​and secretly "attacked him (of course, conditionally). The entire campaign lasted 80 days, 54 of which - under ice, at depths of more than 15 m. For participation in this operation, Captain 1st Rank V.V. Protopopov was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.

The boats of Project 671RTM were the first to master the transpolar passages of the Pacific Ocean to the Northern Theater in 1981, 1982 and 1983. in order to optimally distribute multipurpose nuclear submarines between fleets, such transitions were carried out by boats K-255 (commander, captain 2nd rank V.V. Avdeichik), built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. In early 1989, in accordance with Russian-American agreements, weapons equipped with nuclear warheads were removed from the multipurpose nuclear submarines of the US Navy and the Russian Navy and stored on the shore. As a result, Project 671RTM boats lost their "Shkvala" and "Granata".

The ships of the 671RTM project took part in solving not only military, but also purely peaceful tasks. So, "Daniil Moskovsky" (Captain 1st Rank P.I. , 10 tons of sugar and flour. On August 29, 1991, for nuclear submarines of projects 671, 671RT, 671RTM, 945, 945A, 670M, the letters "K" in tactical numbers were replaced with the letter "B". In the mid-90s, the ships of the 671RTM project began to gradually leave the system. On July 31, K-247, K-492 and K-412 were excluded from the Pacific Fleet, which made a total of 12, 10 and 6 autonomous campaigns. After a fire in the turbine compartment, which occurred in 1994, the K-305 never returned to service, becoming part of the technical reserve.

However, being already at a very respectable age, "Pike" continued to demonstrate high fighting qualities. This is evidenced by an incident that occurred in the winter of 1996, 150 miles from the Hebrides. On February 29, the Russian embassy in London appealed to the command of the British Navy with a request to provide assistance to a submarine sailor (commander Captain 1st Rank M. Ivanisov) who underwent an operation to remove appendicitis on board the ship, after which peritonitis was discovered (treatment of which is possible only in stationary conditions) ... Soon the patient was redirected to the shore by helicopter Lynx from the destroyer Glasgow. However, the British press was not so much touched by the unexpected manifestation of Russian-British naval cooperation, as expressed bewilderment at the fact that at the time when negotiations were underway in London on the evacuation of the patient, in the North Atlantic, exactly in the area where the Russian submarine submarine, NATO anti-submarine maneuvers took place (by the way, EM "Glasgow" also took part in them). However, the submarine managed to detect only when it itself surfaced in order to transfer the unfortunate sailor to the helicopter. According to the influential British newspaper The Times, the Russian submarine has demonstrated how secretive it is by tracking anti-submarine forces while remaining unnoticed. It is noteworthy that the Pike was mistaken by the British for a more modern (and, naturally, quieter) boat of Project 971.

In 1999, the Northern Fleet included B-138, B-255, B-292, B-388, B-414, B-448, B-502 and B-524. In the ranks of the Pacific Fleet there were B-264 and B-305.

Probably, in the future, the rate of "washing out" of the ships of Project 671RTM from the fleet will accelerate even more. However, some boats of this type will most likely survive until 2010. It can be assumed that these nuclear submarines will undergo modernization aimed at reducing their noise levels, strengthening weapons and onboard radio-electronic equipment. However, the volume of this work will depend on the extent to which the government is able to finance the Navy.

The appearance of Project 671 nuclear submarines in the Soviet Navy marked the beginning of a new era in the confrontation between the fleets of the two superpowers - from that moment on, the submariners of the US Navy could no longer feel safe. This primarily applied to the George Washington-class missile carriers.

The first Soviet nuclear submarines of Project 627 were created primarily to combat aircraft carriers and other large surface ships of the enemy, as well as for a possible attack on naval bases using super-powerful nuclear torpedoes. In accordance with such tasks, the priorities for the creation of these nuclear submarines were determined in the form of the most powerful weapons. However, several years later, it became clear that the nuclear submarine could pose an even more serious danger - the most important event in the late 1950s was the creation of the world's first ballistic missile submarine missile carriers. During 1960 (in fact) four George Washington-class SSBNs entered service. It was supposed to counteract this most serious threat both with the help of anti-submarine aviation and the creation of special submarine hunters capable of finding and attacking enemy missile carriers. At the same time, an important requirement was to ensure maximum stealth of the hunter boat.

NEW CHALLENGES

The main directions of work in the creation of the submarine of project 671 was the reduction of acoustic and other physical fields, allowing to detect submarines; installation of a powerful sonar system for detecting and pursuing the enemy, combined with high maneuverability and underwater speed. The development of the project was entrusted to the same Leningrad OKB-143, which successfully coped with the task of creating the first domestic nuclear submarines of project 627. The basis of the working project was the development of L. Samarkin, but the more experienced G. Chernyshev was eventually appointed the chief designer.

During the development of the project, the designers developed several basic principles that made it possible to endow the boat necessary qualities and at the same time minimize displacement: use only three-phase alternating current for the mains, optimization of the hull contours for diving, one line of shafts.

The increase in the hull diameter (compared to the nuclear submarine of Project 627) made it possible to accommodate more compact nuclear reactors transversely, which shortened the length of the boat. Much attention was paid to the automation of control as power plant and ship mechanisms, including the submarine depth stabilization system. In general, the solution of such specific tasks as the fight against submarines was associated with numerous problems, for example, ensuring firing from torpedo tubes at a depth of 250 m, but they were successfully overcome. When designing the hull, taking into account the immersion depth increased to 400 m, there was a temptation to use titanium, but the lack of experience in processing it forced the use of AK-29 structural steel.

The design of the boat began in 1960 and was completed by the end of the year. During 1961-1962, equipment placement, pipelines and cable routes were tested. The lead boat of the series was laid down on April 12, 1963, launched on July 28, 1966, and commissioned on November 5, 1967 (just in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution). The construction of this and 14 subsequent "671" nuclear submarines was carried out by the shipyard No. 196 in Leningrad (Novo-Admiralteyskiy shipyard); if the first boats were built for about 5 years, then for the latter this period was reduced to 20 months. According to the years of commissioning of the Project 671 nuclear submarine, they were distributed as follows: 1967 - K-38; 1968 - K-69 (renamed K-369 in 1977), K-147; 1969 - K-53, K-306; 1970 - K-323, K-370; 1971 - K-438, K-367; 1972 - K-314, K-398; 1973 - K-454, K-462; 1974 - K-469, K-481. K-314, K-454 and K-469 were completed according to the modified project 671V - in addition to torpedoes, they carried anti-submarine missiles "Blizzard-53" launched from conventional torpedo tubes. Another nuclear submarine, K-323, was upgraded in 1984 according to Project 671 K, having received the S-10 Granat cruise missiles (also launched from TA) for strikes against ground targets with a launch range of up to 2500 km.

20 YEARS IN BUILD

Having entered service with the Northern and Pacific fleets, the "Ruffs" were engaged, of course, not only in hunting for missile submarines, but also in related tasks: escorting aircraft carrier strike groups (with the aim of disabling the "main player"), protecting their SSBNs from boats- hunters and actions on enemy communications.

Service "Ruffs" was rich in various events, but, fortunately, all 15 boats survived until the end of their life cycle... Some of the most notable episodes of their service are worth remembering. At the beginning of 1976, K-469 made (together with another nuclear submarine) the transition from the North to the Far East, but not by the traditional Northern Sea Route, but by the southern option - across the Atlantic, Drake Passage and the entire Pacific Ocean. For 22 thousand miles, the boat constantly went under water, only once rising to periscope depth.

In August 1977, K-481 made an under-ice transition to the North Pole, accompanying the nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika, which was making its way to the pole through the ice. On March 21, 1984, the K-314, which had the task of secretly pursuing the AUG led by the attack aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Korea, when surfacing to the periscope depth was just in the path of the aircraft carrier. In the collision, she received significant damage, lost speed and was towed to the base.

On September 19 of the same year, on the other side of the Earth, near Gibraltar, the K-53, while surfacing to periscope depth, collided with the Soviet bulk carrier "Brotherhood", which only miraculously did not sink. The boat received significant damage and was sent to the base for repair. The service of the first series of nuclear submarines of Project 671 lasted about 25 years: after the end of the Cold War, it made no sense to keep boats with deliberately low noise levels and not the newest sonar equipment in combat. In the period from 1989 to 1994, all of them were decommissioned and put on a sludge awaiting cutting.

SUBMARINE PROJECT 671 "Ruff"

In St. Petersburg, next to the Novo-Admiralteyskiy plant, a large-scale model of a project 671 nuclear submarine has been installed.

The robust body consisted of cylindrical sections and truncated cones. Frames (except for the aft end) were located outside. Light hull casing - with longitudinal dialing system. Its contours are optimized for high speed underwater travel.

FRAME

The body was divided into seven watertight compartments:

1st - torpedo, battery and residential;
2nd - central post, provisions and auxiliary mechanisms;
3rd - reactor;
4th - turbine (it also houses autonomous turbine units);
5th - electrical and auxiliary mechanisms, as well as a sanitary block;
6th - residential and diesel generator;
7th - helmsman (rowing motors and galley are also located here).

During the serial construction, work continued to improve the thermal fuel element, increase the reliability of equipment, eliminate the shortcomings identified during the construction and operation. Particular attention was paid to reducing the noise of ships - on the last nuclear submarines of the series it was reduced by 1.5-3 times, and the noise levels of the SAC by 1.5 times compared to the first.

On all submarines, except for the first one, an absorbing anti-hydrolocation coating is applied to the outer (light) hull.

POWER POINT

The main power plant included two steam generating units OK-300 (pressurized water reactor VM-4 with thermal power of 72 MW and four steam generators PG-4T), autonomous for each side. Recharge of the reactor core - every eight years. The layout of the second generation nuclear power plants has been significantly changed. The number of large-diameter pipelines connecting the main elements of the plant has been reduced. Most of the pipelines of the primary circuit were placed in uninhabited premises and closed with biological shielding. Significantly improved instrumentation and automation systems; the share of remotely controlled valves, gate valves, dampers, etc. has increased.

The steam turbine unit consisted of the GTZA-615 main turbo-toothed unit and two OK-2 turbine generators that produced 380 V alternating current (consisted of a turbine and a 2000 kW generator).

As a backup means of propulsion, two PG-137 DC electric motors (2 x 275 hp) were installed on the boat, each of which rotated its two-blade small-diameter propeller. There were two storage batteries (112 cells each with a capacity of 8000 Ah), as well as two 200-kW diesel generators connected to the RDP system. The reserve installation was intended not so much for the movement of the boat in the event of a power plant failure, but to ensure maximum secrecy by reducing the noise associated with the operation of the PTU and cooling the reactor at high power modes. In addition, due to the 2-screw scheme, slightly better maneuverability was provided.

WEAPON

Due to the need to place the bulky SJC "Rubin" in the bow, the installation of torpedo tubes in the same place turned out to be a difficult task. Even options were considered with the onboard placement of the TA at an angle to the hull, but in this case it was possible to use the weapon only at a low speed.

As a result, the classic version of the placement of the TA was adopted - in the upper third of the first compartment, in two horizontal rows. Along the longitudinal axis of the hull, above the first row of the TA, there was a horizontal torpedo loading hatch, in front of which there was a horizontal tray for loading torpedoes. The torpedoes were pulled into the compartment, moved along the tray, loaded into the vehicles and lowered onto the racks using hydraulic drives. This scheme was later used on most Soviet anti-submarine nuclear submarines.

533-mm torpedo tubes could fire at depths of up to 250 m. The ammunition load included 18 53-65K and SET-65 torpedoes or up to 36 minutes (of which 12 were in the TA).

The setting of mines could be carried out at a speed of up to 6 knots. For aiming and launching of torpedoes, the torpedo firing control device "Brest-671" was used. When reloading the TA, the control system of the torpedo fast loader and the preparation of the Cypress TA was used.

HYDROACOUSTIC COMPLEX

The SJSC "Kerch", which was supposed to be installed on the Ruffs, was replaced by the new SJSC "Rubin" by the decision of the Chief Designer, which significantly surpassed the "Kerch" in terms of basic characteristics.

"Rubin" had a maximum target detection range of about 50 km. It consisted of a low-frequency bow hydroacoustic emitter, a MG-509 "Radian" high-frequency mine-detecting GAS antenna in the front part of the fence of the retractable deckhouse devices, a sound-underwater communication and hydroacoustic signaling station. "Rubin" provided all-round visibility, independent automatic tracking and determination of heading angles of targets, ranging by the method of echolocation, as well as the detection of active hydroacoustic means of the enemy.

However, these relatively high (compared to other Soviet SACs) data were, as always, obtained at the cost of large dimensions and weight: in particular, at the bow end it was required to place SAC units weighing 20 tons and a volume of 23 sq. m.

After the modernization, which most of the boats underwent in the late 1970s, the Rubin was replaced by the more advanced Rubicon SJC with an infrasonic emitter, with a maximum detection range of more than 200 km.

EQUIPMENT

The submarine was equipped with the Sigma all-latitude navigation system. There was a television monitoring system for the general and ice conditions MT-70, capable, under favorable conditions, to issue specific information at a depth of 50 m.

The designers tried to automate the control of technical means and weapons of the submarine as much as possible. The boat was equipped with a centralized control system, regulation and protection of the nuclear power plant; the complex spatial maneuvering control system "Spat", which provided automatic stabilization of the course and depth of submarine immersion on the move and without the ability to remote control course and depth of immersion; automatic compensation system for emergency trims and dips in depth "Tourmaline"; system of centralized automated control general ship systems (OCS).

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOARDS TYPE "Ruff"

• Displacement, t:
  - surface: 4250
  - underwater: 6080
• Dimensions, m:
  - length: 93.0
  - width: 10.6 (body)
  - draft: 7.2
• GEM: 2 reactors VM-4.1 PTU with a capacity of 31,000 liters. With.
• Travel speed, knots:
  - surface: 11
  - underwater: 33.5
• Autonomy of the day: 50 (limited only by food supplies)
• Armament: 6 x 533-mm torpedo tubes (ammunition - 18 torpedoes)
• Crew, pers .: 68-76

MULTI-PURPOSE NUCLEAR SUBMARINE PROJECT 671RTM

ATTACK SUBMARINE PROJECT 671RTM

16.04.2013
MODERNIZATION OF NOISY PADS OF PROJECT 671RTM. RECOGNIZED INEFFECTIVE

The Main Command of the Navy will write off the legendary Project 671RTM Shchuka nuclear submarines until 2015. These boats in the 1980s were the main threat to American aircraft carriers, but in modern conditions turned out to be too noisy. The decision was made in March, after the main command of the Navy worked out all the options for modernizing these boats and recognized them as unpromising.
- In these boats it is necessary to change all the filling, from the reactor to the hydroacoustic station. The hull also requires fine-tuning, because in these boats it is significantly worn out. Therefore, the cost of such modernization is approaching the cost of building a new boat, - explained the source of Izvestia.
He recalled that the production of "Pike" was completed in 1992. These boats belong to the second generation of nuclear submarines, now all their peers - Soviet boats of the Lyra project and American projects Sturgeon and Trasher - have been decommissioned.
Projects for the modernization of "Shchuk" were developed by several military research institutes and the naval engineering bureau "Malachite", which at one time created these submarines. Although a modernization project was presented, it turned out that their main drawback - a lot of noise - could not be overcome.
“They incorporate the technical solutions of the 1960-1970s, and the ships are significantly inferior to the American Los Angeles in terms of noise level. Therefore, it will not be possible to upgrade the submarines to the required parameters, it is better to spend money on repairing third-generation ships of projects 971 "Akula" and 945 "Condor", the source continued.
However, in the submarine fleet, the Pike are appreciated. One of the officers of the Northern Fleet told Izvestia that they occupy a very necessary niche of multipurpose nuclear-powered ships.
- There are about 70 boats in Russia, but apart from the strategic missile and diesel, as well as those under repair, there are no more than a dozen torpedo ships, and the tasks they face are big. Now there is nothing to replace "Pike" - "Sharks" are no longer produced, and missile "Ash" are still being tested, - says the officer.
Now all four remaining boats of Project 671 are assigned to Northern Fleet... "Daniil Moskovsky" and "Petrozavodsk" go to sea, and "Tambov" and "Obninsk" are at the pier because of the resource depletion. The boats are armed with S-10 Granit cruise missiles.
Business newspaper "Izvestia"

20.05.2014


As the blog zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com of the press service of the Zvezdochka Ship Repair Center reports, on Friday, May 16, a dock operation to launch the multipurpose nuclear submarine Obninsk (project 671RTMK) was carried out at the Nerpa branch of the shipyard. Upon completion of the five-hour operation, Obninsk was moored to the pier, where the final stages of repairs will now be carried out.
Most of the work on the dock repair and restoration of the technical readiness of the ship is already behind. Outfitting works and operation # 2 will be carried out afloat. Submarine "Obninsk" - delivery order of the current year.