Types of prints. What is printmaking? Full instruction from an expert. Rollback and impression technology

MASTER - CLASS FOR PARENTS

Tasks:

Educational - the development of cognitive interest, logical thinking.

Educational - to acquaint with the concept of printmaking, improve the skills of composing compositions.

Developing - the development of memory, thinking, attentiveness, broadening one's horizons.

Course of the lesson

Examination of paintings made in the style of prints.

All these images are prints (prints) of dried plants covered with paint.

A print from any form on paper is called printmaking.

A print can be a decoration for a room if it is made large and placed in a suitable frame. Small pictures can be used to design greeting cards.

How to make a print from raw leaves.

The technique for obtaining such an image is not difficult, but in order to learn how to make expressive pictures, you will have to practice first.

Preparation for work.

For work, in addition to leaves, you will need: gouache paints, brushes, a jar of water, newsprint and paper for prints (landscape, color, etc.).

Proof prints.

Place the selected shape (leaf) on the table on top of a small piece of newspaper and cover it with paint.
We attach the piece of paper with the painted side to the paper, cover it from the top with a dry piece of newspaper and without moving it, rub it well with your hand.
Carefully, so as not to smear the paint, remove the newspaper and the leaf from the surface of the paper - an imprint remains on it. Did it turn out well? If we put too much ink or it was liquid, the print will look like a blurry spot. If the ink is low -0, the print will be indistinct. Take a few more impressions, determine the right amount of ink. Now you can try to make compositions using the technique of printmaking. You don't need to have many different leaves for this. You can make compositions from one shape (print several times).

Thank you for coming to my master class and you really liked it.

Exhibition of drawings in print style.

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

master class "Working with parents"

master class for teachers on working with parents "Conflict-free behavior in the family" (with elements of training) Purpose: Mastering and subsequent active application of trainings in the practical activities of the teacher ...

Master class for educators. Socio-game style of working with children as an effective pedagogical technology.

The motto of the socio-play style of working with children: “We do not teach, but we establish situations when their participants want to trust both each other and their own experience, as a result of which an effective ...

Master class for educators "Socio-game style of working with children as an effective pedagogical technology".

The traditional methods are being replaced by active methods of teaching and upbringing, aimed at enhancing the cognitive development of the child. The FSES contains an indication of what types of activities can be ...

The target audience: methodologists, teachers additional education, educators of preschool institutions.

The purpose of the master class: acquaintance with the technology of creating a print by application.

Target: presentation of the teacher's experience in using the technology for creating printmaking by application in order to increase the professional competence of teaching staff.

Tasks:

· To acquaint the participants of the master class with the technology of creating prints by application;

· To motivate the participants of the master class to create a print on their own;

· Contribute to the improvement personal qualities participants in an educational event (self-control and poise; tolerance, desire for knowledge, self-development).

Master class progress

Hello. I propose to first define the basic concepts.

Print -

1) the generalized name of works of printed graphics, which is an engraving or any other print on paper with printed form.

2) the same as engraving.

Cliche- a copy of an image carved on wood, linoleum, or metal, used for reproduction of prints.

Materials and equipment.

Materials and equipment for the production of cliches.

· Cardboard or thick paper, A3 size.

· Cardboard, 0.5-1 mm thick.

· PVA glue for children, for adults - "Monolith" second.

· Scissors.

· Simple pencil.

· Ruler.

· A set of stencils.

Materials and equipment for haulage and impression.

· Sheets of white paper, A3 format (paper for watercolor or sketching).

· Rubber roller 17.5 cm wide.

Black gouache 200-300 g.

· Cuvette 25cm wide.

· Tablespoon 2 pcs.

The sequence of making cliches

1. Come up with, draw a sketch.

You can use stencils depicting flowers, butterflies, animals, birds, etc.

2. On a sheet of cardboard (A3 format) draw margins 3 cm wide. (When working with children, the teacher draws the margins in advance).

3. Cut out all parts of the cliche from cardboard with a thickness of 0.5 - 1 mm.

4. Lay out the parts on a sheet of cardboard with margins.

Important! The distance between the parts is 2-3 millimeters (the lead of a simple pencil is placed).

5. Glue the details without going beyond the border of the fields.

6. Dry under load for about one day.

There is one important point in creating clichés. For example, you drew a sketch and it is important for you that in the finished form it was exactly like that and everything was located on the other side as in the sketch. This means that the cliché should be done in a mirror image!

Rollback and impression technology

1. Place the gouache in a cuvette.

2. Spread the gouache evenly on the roller.

3. Roll the cliche with a roller. Photo 6.

Imprint. The quality of the print largely depends on the density of the cardboard, the amount of paint, the uniformity of paint distribution on the plate.

4. Put the prepared sheet on the plate.

5. Gently rub the convex parts on top with a spoon.

Better to iron it with your hands!

6. Carefully, holding the cliché, remove the sheet of paper.

7. If necessary, make additional impressions.

8. Dry finished products.

You ask: how many prints can be made from one cliché?

Until the cliché details begin to soak.

At the mini-exhibition you can see how children of 6-8 years old unfolded the plot, made the composition of the print using animal stencils.

The impetus for building a composition can be the shape and size of the vase.

From the printing plate (matrix). A print, as a work of printed graphics, has a specificity in relation to authorship: those prints made by the artist himself or the printer with the participation of the author are considered original. In Europe, printing techniques have been known since the 15th century. At first, not as an independent section of the fine arts, but only as a technique for the reproduction of images. The first prints were made from engraved wooden boards. They were purchased by those who could not afford unique works.

Types of prints

Depending on the method of creating the printing plate and the printing method, printing techniques can be divided into four large volumes.

Letterpress printing: wood engraving (cut and end); linocut; engraving on cardboard.
Intaglio printing: etching techniques: needle etching, aquatint, lavis; dotted line, pencil manner, drypoint; soft varnish; mezzotinto, incisor engraving.
Flat printing: lithography, monotype.
Screen printing: silk-screen printing techniques; cut stencil.

Print artists

Literature

Parygin A. B. The art of silk-screen printing. XX century (history, phenomenology, techniques, names). - SPb. : SPb GUTD, 2010 .-- 304 p. - ISBN 978-5-7937-0490-8
Parygin A. B. Silk-screen printing as an art. Technique, history, phenomenology, artists. - SPb. : SPb GUTD, 2009 .-- 261 p. - ISBN 978-5-7937-0397-0
Galeev E. Leningrad easel lithography. Pre-war period (until 1941). - M .: Scorpio, Galeev-Gallery, 2009 .-- 304 p.
V. Zvontsov, V. Shistko Etching. Technique. History. St. Petersburg: Aurora, 2004 ISBN 5-7300-0712-5
Zorin L. Print. A guide to graphic and printing techniques. - AST, Astrel, 2004 .-- 112 p. - ISBN 5-17-022291-2
Polyakov V.V. European print run graphics from Goya to Picasso. Moscow, 2002.284 p. ISBN 5-94183-005-X.
Woodcut // Popular Encyclopedia of Art: Architecture. Painting. Sculpture. Graphics. Decorative arts: In 2 books / Ch. ed. V.M. Polevoy. - M .: Big Ros. encyl, 1999 .-- 448 p. - ISBN 5-85270-314-1
Fleckel M.I. Russian engraving of the 17th-18th centuries. - M., 1999 .-- 20 p. - ISBN 5-85952-001-8
Alekseeva M.A. Engraving of Peter's time. - L.: Art, 1990 .-- 20 p. - ISBN 5-85952-001-8
Favorsky V.A. Literary-theoretical heritage / Comp. G.K. Wagner. - M .: Sov. artist, 1988 .-- 588 p. - ISBN 5-269-00094-6
The team of authors of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Essays on the history and technique of engraving, in 14 notebooks (in one case, continuous pagination). - M .: Fine art, 1987 .-- 688 p.
Fleckel M.I. From Marcantonio Raimondi to Ostroumova-Lebedeva. Essays on the history and technique of reproduction engraving of the 16th-20th centuries / Comp. G.K. Wagner. - M .: Art, 1987 .-- 368 p.
Zhurov A.P., Tretyakova K.M. Woodcut. - M .: Art, 1977 .-- 248 p.
E. What is printmaking. - L.: Artist of the RSFSR, 1963 .-- 94 p.
Pavlov I.N. The life of a Russian engraver / Ed. and entered. Art. M.P.Sokolnikov. - M .: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Arts, 1963. - 320 p.
M. Kholodkovskaya, E. Smirnova Russian engraving. (Album) / Design by artist D. Bisti. - M .: Fine art., 1960. - 156 p. repr., 20 p.
Herzenberg V.R. Contemporary Soviet printmaking (album). M., 1960.
A.F. Korostin Russian lithograph of the 19th century. M., 1953.
P.E. Kornilov Etching in Russia in the 17th - 20th centuries. - Moscow: Academy of Arts of the USSR, 1953 .-- 144 p.

The edition, with numerous illustrations, contains five short sketches: Etching in the 17th century, Etching in the 18th century, Etching in the 19th century, Etching in the early 20th century, and Soviet etching.

Suvorov P.I. The Art of Lithography, 3rd ed. M., 1952.
Ed. Merwolf, N.R. Introductory article Kornilov P.E. Russian engraving of the 16th - 19th centuries - L.: Art, 1950. - 116 p., shooting range. 5000 copies
A.F. Korostin The beginning of lithography in Russia. M., 1943.
Christeller P. History of European engraving. XV-XVIII centuries. - L.: Art, 1939 .-- 518 p.
Pavlov I. N., Matorin M. T Engraving technique on wood and linoleum. Ed. M.P.Sokolnikov. M.-L .: Art., 1938 .-- 140 p., 123 fig., 9 colors. incl.
G.A.Kh.N. Graphic commission. Meeting of January 18, 1928. M .: GAKHN, 1928 .-- 8 p., Ill. Shooting gallery. 50 copies ...

The reports read at the meeting are listed: V. A. Adaryukov - To the 35th anniversary of the artistic activity of V. I. Sokolov. IE Bondarenko - VI Sokolov as a public figure. I. N. Pavlov - V. I. Sokolov as an engraver. 2 original engravings.

Adaryukov V. Ya. Index of engraved and lithographed portraits of A.S. Pushkin. - M .: Engraving office of the Pushkin Museum, 1926. - 36 p.
Chayanov A.V. Old Western engraving. A quick guide to museum work. - M .: Edition of M. and S. Sabashnikovs, 1926. - 81 p.
Friedlander M. Lithograph (translated from German). With an essay attached - Voinov V.V., Lithography in Russia. - L., 1925.
Falileev V.D. Etching and engraving with a chisel. - M. - L., 1925.
Varshavsky L.R. Essays on the history of modern engraving in Russia: Woodcut and linocut / Ed. and entered. Art. M.P.Sokolnikov. - M., 1923 .-- 176 p. Circulation 1000 copies.
Gollerbach E.F. History of engraving and lithography in Russia. - M.-Pg., 1923.
Leman I.I. Engraving and lithography. Essays on history and technology. - SPb, 1913.
Adaryukov V. Ya. Essay on the history of lithography in Russia. - SPb. : Apollo, 1912 .-- 126 p.
Matveev N. - comp. Catalog of commercially available prints and etchings from the collection of the Imperial Academy of Arts. With illustrations on separate sheets. - St. Petersburg: M.O. Volf typ.t., 1907 .-- 75 p.
Rovinsky D.A. A detailed dictionary of Russian engravers of the 16th-19th centuries, vols. 1-2. - SPb. , 1895-1899.
Wessely I.E. On recognizing and collecting engravings (a guide for amateurs). Per. S. S. Shaikevich. With two tables of monograms. - M .: type. M.N. Lavrova and K, 1882 .-- 368 p.
Rovinsky D.A. Russian engravers and their works from 1564 to the founding of the Academy of Arts. - M., 1870.

Short description

The technology proposed by the author has been tested and can be used by teachers of additional education, parents and people who are simply interested in the fine arts in the classroom with children and in individual activities, as a developing creative task and in creating your own works of art.
The work uses slides created by the teacher himself for the presentation on the topic "Printed graphics".

Description

State budgetary educational institution
additional education for children
Children's and Youth Center "Vasilievsky Island"
DIY printmaking. Printed graphics. Olga Brandina, additional education teacher St. Petersburg 2012 “Creativity develops
only in creativity " In the old days, they said: painting without a drawing is the same as a person without bones. Xvi century Tintoretto did not know the end of his students. They all wanted to find out the secrets of the skill and asked what to do? But he answered all the same: you have to draw. The young men were worried: "And what are the secrets?" Tintoretto bent his line: “Draw. He was silent and added: and more to draw. " Probably really drawing or graphics are the fundamental principle of any work of art. These are the first sketches, and sketches, and the first sketches. The term graphics comes from the Greek word graphike, by grapho - I write, draw, draw. it , including drawing and printed works of art (engraving, lithography, etc.), based on the art of drawing, but having their own visual means and expressive capabilities. Graphics are simpler than painting or sculpture, which is why graphics are often called art for everyone. You can start drawing lessons at any age, even with the whole family. The process itself is excitingly interesting. Graphics classes develop spatial imagination and extraordinary thinking, educate in a person the ability to seek, think, fantasize, accept independent decisions... And these traits are always useful to a person, even if he is not associated with the visual arts by the nature of his professional activity.
Graphics is a real generator Have a good mood... You can create a print with your own hands and, by placing it in a beautiful frame, decorate an apartment, you can invent and make an ex-libris yourself - a book sign for your home library. Every child, from 2-3 years old to adolescence, draws with gusto. Children draw everything they see, know, hear and feel. They even paint smells. Drawing classes, particularly print graphics, can deepen children's interest in drawing. The visual arts are more related to the material base than, for example, literature or music . Outside of the material, artistic images of painting, sculpture, and in particular graphics, are not perceived by the viewer, and namely technique- one of the main means of artistic expression. With the help of specific operations, that is, physical actions with a material and instrument, the child is embodied in works of fine art: form, color, composition, organization of space, which make up the artistic image as a whole. Mastering techniques - mastering practical skills through the free manipulation of materials and artistic means is the first step towards a child discovering what he can draw and can draw what he wants. Performing work in the "Printing by Applique" technique, the child "draws" a lot at once with scissors, without resorting to a pencil and an eraser, using the most ordinary paper as the material with which to draw. This helps him not to control the correctness of the image. The use of technologies such as "print on applique" is aimed at the liberation of the creative potential of the child himself. Also, performing work in this technique, children, as it were, playfully join the "mystery" of working with paints, scissors and paper - the tools of a graphic artist, and also get acquainted with professional technologies of letterpress printing. qPRINT ON APPLIQUE

This technology refers to letterpress printing, as the paint is rolled onto the protruding parts of the board, in this variation - cardboard.
One of the available, inexpensive and harmless technologies that can be used in working with preschoolers. It is also one of the most accepted fast work technologies that engages the child. preschool age to professional letterpress technologies.
The image itself can be corrected along the way, which also helps the child.

- pressed cardboard (not less than 2 millimeters thick);
- several sheets of paper of different tone, texture and density (for applique and prints), fabrics, threads, strings, carbon paper (or tracing paper);
- lead pencil, cutter, glue brush, glue;
- etching machine or photo roller, printing, oil paint or gouache, roller for rolling paint or foam sponge, odorless thinner, cloths.

Execution technology:
The preparation of the printed board is as follows: 1. A sketch is prepared in advance; 2. The sketch is translated into tracing paper; 3. The image is transferred to the cardboard in an inverted "mirror" form in relation to the sketch;
4. The appliqué elements are cut out. 5. The protruding parts are glued to the very surface of the cardboard - when printed, they will be in dark tones; 6. Paint is applied to the prepared board with a roller; 7. Put a blank sheet of paper on top; 8. We roll the paper with a photo roller, holding the sheet itself; 9. Carefully remove the sheet from the cardboard - a test print is obtained
1. Sketch. 2. The sketch is translated into tracing paper.

4. From tracing paper we transfer the details to the paper for applique work. Then we cut out the elements
applications.

5. On the very surface of the cardboard
protruding parts are glued. 6. Roll up the prepared board with paint.

7. We select paper for printing. Put a blank sheet of paper on top of the cardboard.

8. Roll the paper with a photo roller, holding the sheet itself. We get an impression.

Rolled up board. Imprint.

Work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area. Good luck…… The technology proposed by the author has been tested and can be used by teachers of additional education, parents and people who are simply interested in the fine arts in the classroom with children and in individual activities, as a developing creative task and in creating their own works of art. The work uses slides created by the teacher himself for the presentation on the topic "Printed graphics".
Literature
Zorin L. Print. A guide to graphic and printing techniques. - AST, Astrel, 2004.- 112 p.

Kovtun E. What is printmaking. - L .: Artist of the RSFSR, 1963.- 94 p.
Favorsky V.A. Literary and theoretical heritage. - M., 1988.
Gerchuk Yu.Ya. History of graphics and art of the book. - M, 2000.
Essays on the history and technique of engraving. - M., 1987.
Rozanova N.N. History and theory of printing and graphic art: Tutorial... 17. Issue. 1, - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. Lubok: The Artistic World of Russian Folk Pictures: Textbook. Issue 3. - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. On the issue of visual interpretation of works of fiction: Textbook. Issue 1. - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. On the question of the plastic-shaped features of the Russian book XVII century: textbook. Issue 5. - M., 1999.

Distance learning of teachers according to the Federal State Educational Standard at low prices

Webinars, refresher courses, professional retraining and vocational training. Low prices. More than 9500 educational programs. State diploma for courses, retraining and vocational training. Certificate for participation in webinars. Free webinars. License.

article on the site - uchmet.doc

State budgetary educational institution

additional education for children

Children and Youth Center "Vasilievsky Island"

DIY printmaking.

Printed graphics.

Olga Brandina,

additional education teacher

the highest qualification category

St. Petersburg

“Creativity develops
only in creativity "

In the old days, they said: painting without a drawing is the same as a person without bones.

Great Venetian painter Xvi century Tintoretto did not know the end of his students. They all wanted to find out the secrets of the skill and asked what to do? But he answered all the same: you have to draw. The young men were worried: "And what are the secrets?" Tintoretto bent his line: “Draw. He was silent and added: and more to draw. "

Probably really drawing or graphics are the fundamental principle of any work of art. These are the first sketches, and sketches, and the first sketches.

The term graphics comes from the Greek word graphike, by grapho - I write, draw, draw.

it kind of fine arts, including drawing and printed works of art (engraving, lithography, etc.), based on the art of drawing, but having their own visual means and expressive capabilities.

Graphics are simpler than painting or sculpture, which is why graphics are often called art for everyone. You can start drawing lessons at any age, even with the whole family. The process itself is excitingly interesting.

Drawing lessons develop spatial imagination and extraordinary thinking, educate in a person the ability to search, think, fantasize, and make independent decisions. And these traits are always useful to a person, even if he is not associated with the visual arts by the nature of his professional activity.

Drawing classes is a real generator of good mood. You can create a print with your own hands and, by placing it in a beautiful frame, decorate an apartment, you can invent and make an ex-libris yourself - a book sign for your home library.

Every child, from 2-3 years old to adolescence, draws with gusto. Children draw everything they see, know, hear and feel. They even paint smells.

Drawing lessons, particularly print graphics, can deepen children's interest in drawing.

The visual arts are more related to the material basis than, for example, literature or music . Outside the material, artistic images of painting, sculpture, and in particular graphics, are not perceived by the viewer, and namely technique- one of the main means of artistic expression. With the help of specific operations, that is, physical actions with a material and instrument, the child is embodied in works of fine art: form, color, composition, organization of space, which make up the artistic image as a whole.

Mastering techniques - mastering practical skills through the free manipulation of materials and artistic means is the first step towards a child discovering what he can draw and can draw what he wants.

Performing work in the "Printing by Applique" technique, the child "draws" a lot at once with scissors, without resorting to a pencil and an eraser, using the most ordinary paper as the material with which to draw. This helps him not to control the correctness of the image.

The use of technologies such as "print on applique" is aimed at the liberation of the creative potential of the child himself.

Also, performing work in this technique, children, as it were, playfully join the "mystery" of working with paints, scissors and paper - the tools of a graphic artist, and also get acquainted with professional technologies of letterpress printing.

PRINT ON APPLIQUE

This technology refers to letterpress printing, as the paint is rolled onto the protruding parts of the board, in this variation - cardboard.

One of the available, inexpensive and harmless technologies that can be used in working with preschoolers.

It is also one of the most suitable technologies for getting the job done quickly and introduces professional letterpress technology to a preschool child.

The image itself can be corrected along the way, which also helps the child.

Materials required for work:

Pressed cardboard (not less than 2 millimeters thick);

Several sheets of paper of different tone, texture and density (for applique and prints), fabrics, threads, strings, carbon paper (or tracing paper);

Lead pencil, cutter, glue brush, glue;
- etching machine or photo roller, printing, oil paint or gouache, roller for rolling paint or foam sponge, odorless thinner, cloths.

Execution technology:

The preparation of the printed board is as follows:

A sketch is prepared in advance;

The sketch is translated into tracing paper;

The image is transferred to the cardboard in an inverted "mirror" form in relation to the sketch;

The appliqué elements are cut out.

The protruding parts are glued to the very surface of the cardboard - when printed, they will be in dark tones;

Paint is applied to the prepared board with a roller;

Put a blank sheet of paper on top;

We roll the paper with a photo roller, holding the sheet itself;

Carefully remove the sheet from the cardboard - a test print is obtained

1. Sketch. 2. The sketch is translated into tracing paper.

4. From tracing paper we transfer the details to the paper for applique work. Then we cut out the elements

applications.

5. On the very surface of the cardboard

protruding parts are glued. 6. Roll up the prepared board with paint.

7. We select paper for printing. Put a blank sheet of paper on top of the cardboard.

8. Roll the paper with a photo roller, holding the sheet itself. We get an impression.

Rolled up board. Imprint.

Work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area.

Good luck……

The work uses slides created by the teacher himself for the presentation on the topic "Printed graphics".

Literature

Zorin L. Print. A guide to graphic and printing techniques. - AST, Astrel, 2004.- 112 p.

Polyakov European print run graphics from Goya to Picasso. Moscow, 2002.284 p.

E. What is printmaking.- L .: Artist of the RSFSR, 1963.- 94 with.

Favorsky V.A. Literary and theoretical heritage. - M., 1988.
Gerchuk Yu.Ya. History of graphics and art of the book. - M, 2000.
Essays on the history and technique of engraving. - M., 1987.
Rozanova N.N. History and theory of printing and graphic art: Textbook. 17. Issue. 1, - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. Lubok: The Artistic World of Russian Folk Pictures: Textbook. Issue 3. - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. On the issue of visual interpretation of works of fiction: Textbook. Issue 1. - M, 1999.
Rozanova N.N. On the question of the plastic-shaped features of the Russian book XVII century: textbook. Issue 5. - M., 1999.

In many houses, flat black pieces of wood with simple pictures cut into them have survived to this day. The few owners of this Soviet consumer goods are confident to this day that they have objects of art called prints. Not that they are completely wrong, although there can be no question of real art here. Just print is a much broader concept than many people think. Understanding: printmaking - what is it?

About the meaning of this word

The word "print" is a Russian version of the term brought to us from Europe, where it appeared in the 14-15th centuries (estampe in French, stampa in Italian), and was directly related to the development of book printing. A print was called an engraving or some other imprint from a matrix (printing plate) onto a paper sheet. At first, printmaking was not a self-sufficient form of art, but was only a technical way of reproducing images. Moreover, it is very laborious, requiring meticulousness and the highest skill from the performer. But since then, the printing technique has been constantly evolving and improving. It acquired unexpected techniques, took on new outlines, and therefore it is no longer so easy to determine the meaning of a word. Prints nowadays are a generalized name for many types of art.

About types of prints

Trying to understand what the printing technique is, let us first turn to history. Before an image is printed on paper, it must be drawn or engraved on some basis: wood, metal, etc. Wood engravings began to appear first, and later on copper. Over time, other varieties of similar techniques have emerged. Convex and in-depth engraving - their technologies differed only in the color of the print that the indentations on the matrix board would correspond to. Lithography - paint was applied to a flat surface, and the resulting print, as a rule, had no relief. Currently, prints, depending on the method of their production, can be attributed to several types: high and intaglio printing, flat, screen printing. Each of these types, in turn, is divided into groups. Let's talk about this in a little more detail.

Print graphics

Graphics in Greek is drawing. The graphics later transferred to another material - printmaking. But prints should not be considered some kind of ancient, antediluvian art: this type of creativity in many countries is popular to this day. For example, in Mexico, competitions and exhibitions are regularly held to help those wishing to master this common occupation in the country. After viewing the works of local masters, the answer to the question: "Print - what is it?" - will sound like this: "Print is the combined talent of an artist and a carver." After all, the technology of work has practically not changed for a long time. The desired pattern is applied to a hardwood board with chisels, then it is covered with printing ink using a roller. And then a sheet of paper is applied to the board and pressed with a press. A lot of prints can be made, and each one will be considered an original.

Etching

And yet to the question "Print, what is it?" do not rush to answer: "Craft". Printmaking is an art that even the most eminent painters did not shy away from. One of the types of prints - etching - became known, among other things, thanks to the works of such geniuses of their time as Rembrandt and Goya. The word "etching" (from the French words eau-forte, strong water, ie. Nitric acid) means the type of engraving on metal, a method that allows you to get prints from printing plates, pre-treated with acids. A drawing is made on a metal board with a needle, then the deepening of the image elements is enhanced by etching the metal with acids. Later, the etched places are filled with paint and the print is printed on a moistened sheet of paper on special machines. The technology is not easy, but the result! The genius Albrecht Durer became famous for his etchings, but many others - famous or already forgotten masters - worked in the same technique.

About silk screen printing

Correct to the question "Print, what is it?" there will be an answer: "Silk-screen printing". Silk-screen printing, or screen printing, is a method of reproducing texts or drawings using a printing plate-stencil, thanks to which the ink gets onto the material prepared for this purpose. The method using photo emulsions is very similar to the process of printing photographs. Currently, screen printing is especially popular, as it is the most technologically advanced. The area of its use is practically limitless: from microcircuits to huge posters, from one copy to thousands of copies. The screen printing method is applicable to paper and textiles, ceramics and synthetic materials. Silk-screen printing is ideal for decorating products of various shapes and purposes: cans, bottles, latex balloons, etc.

But silk-screening is not only of great practical importance. Silk-screen printing is also a very interesting art form that gained popularity in the last century. Even such famous personalities as Jackson Pollock and Fernand Leger, and a number of other wonderful, dissimilar masters, turned to him. They proved that printmaking can be great!