The Kola nuclear power plant is the northernmost nuclear power plant in Europe. Photos of the control panel of the PSU Bshu NPP

Last time we visited the engine room of the Novovoronezh NPP. Walking between the intricate interweaving of pipes, one involuntarily wonders at the complexity of this huge mechanical organism. nuclear power plant... But what is hidden behind this multicolored jumble of mechanisms? And how is the station controlled?

1. This question will be answered in the next room.

2. Patiently waiting for the whole group, we find ourselves in a real MCC! Main control point or Block control room (MCR). The brain of the 5th power unit of the Novovoronezh NPP. It is here that all information about each element of the large organism of the station flows down.

3. The open space in front of the operator's workstations is specially set aside for such familiarization meetings. Without interfering with the work of the staff, we can calmly inspect the entire hall. Control panels extend from the central panel with wings. One half is responsible for managing the work nuclear reactor, the second for the operation of the turbines.

4. Looking at the control panel, at last it comes to the consciousness of what kind of monster the man has tamed and holds it tightly in his hands! The incredible number of buttons and lights that densely cover the block shield are mesmerizing. There are no superfluous details here - everything is consistently subordinated to the logical structure of the nuclear power plant operation process. Monitors of constantly humming computers stand in orderly rows. Eyes run up from the richness and fullness of the information received, which is understandable and meaningful only for highly qualified professionals - only such people find themselves in the chairs of leading engineers.

5. Although the control is fully automated, and the operators carry out mainly visual control, in an emergency situation it is the person who makes this or that decision. Needless to say, what a huge responsibility lies on their shoulders.

6. Weighty magazine and many phones. Everyone wants to sit in this place - in the chair of the shift supervisor of the 5th power unit. Bloggers could not resist, with the permission of the station workers, to try on the responsibility entailing the possession of this position.

7.

8. In each side of the "wings" of the control unit hall, there are long rooms in which relay protection cabinets are arranged in orderly rows. As a kind of logical continuation of the panels, they are responsible for the reactor and turbines.

9. This is a perfectionist's dream behind a glass cabinet door.

11. This time we are led by secret paths to the reserve shield.

12. A reduced copy of the main control panel, it performs the same basic functions.

13. Of course, there is no full functionality here, it is designed, for example, for the safe shutdown of all systems in the event of a failure of the main control unit.

14. ... And it has never been used in its existence.

15. Since our blog tour to Novovoronezh NPP was made with an emphasis on safety, it was impossible not to tell about the most interesting simulator. A full-fledged toy and the most accurate copy of the control panel.

16. A long way to the position of a leading engineer-operator in the control room is not possible without full-fledged training at the training center (USP). In the process of training and examination, various possible emergency situations at a nuclear power plant are simulated, and the adept must find a competent and safe solution in the shortest possible time
.

17. A detailed story about the work of the USP gradually came down to a topic of particular interest to all bloggers. The Big Red Button, which we noticed in the main control unit. The emergency protection button (AZ) - sealed with a red ribbon of paper, looked intimidating.

18. Here, with a sinking heart, we were allowed to press it! Sirens sounded, lights ran across the panels. This triggered the emergency protection, which gradually leads to a safe shutdown of the reactor.

19. In contrast to the control room, the simulator can be approached and examined more closely. By the way, the control unit of the 5th power unit is unique, like any nuclear power plant. That is, an operator trained on this simulator can only work on this unit!

20. And learning never stops. Each operator is required to undergo scheduled drills of 90 hours per year.

21. Constantly returning in our conversations with engineers to accidents at different nuclear power plants, we try to understand what were their causes and the existing possibilities for their occurrence. After all, it is here that scenarios of extreme or extreme accidents are scrolled.

22. ... The howl of a siren and blackouts make us stop talking. And pay attention to the control panels dotted with winking lights. Nice ... How nice? It's scary, of course, if it wasn't for our simulator. It was this error that was issued by the control unit at Fukushima during the 2011 accident.

23. In order to prevent such accidents from happening again, specialists of the highest level are constantly working. Continuous checks are underway. Now the atom and the world are inseparable from each other. And someday the time will come for thermonuclear energy.

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The APCS function is a set of system actions aimed at achieving a particular control goal. The functions of the APCS are subdivided into information, control and auxiliary.
The content of the information functions of the APCS is the collection, processing and presentation of information about the state of the TOU to the operating personnel, as well as its registration and transfer to other APCS
Consider the information functions of the APCS.

1. Control and measurement of technological parameters, which consists in converting the values ​​of the object's parameters (pressures, flows, temperatures, neutron fluxes, etc.) into signals suitable for perception by operational personnel or for their subsequent automated processing. Distinguish between the function of individual control, when the secondary indicating devices work directly from the primary converter or (with switching from a group of primary converters, and the function of centralized control, carried out by means of a computer.
2. The calculation of indirect values ​​is performed using a computer and provides the determination of the values ​​of the parameters, the direct measurement of which is either difficult for design reasons (temperature of the fuel element cladding), or is impossible due to the absence of appropriate primary converters (thermal power of the reactor, technical and economic indicators).
3. The registration of values ​​is carried out for the subsequent analysis of the operation of the ATC. Registration is carried out on paper tapes of secondary recording devices (recorders), in the computer memory, as well as on the computer output media (paper tapes of typewriters).
4. Signaling of the state of shut-off devices (valves) and mechanisms of auxiliary needs (pumps) is carried out using color signals corresponding to certain states of valves and pumps. group, in which the signal notifies about the state of a group of organs and mechanisms; centralized, carried out by the computer and its output devices.
5. Technological (warning) signaling is carried out by supplying light and sound signals and draws the attention of personnel to violations of the technological process, expressed in deviations of parameters outside the permissible limits. Distinguish between individual signaling, in which each signaling parameter corresponds to its own signaling device, equipped with an inscription indicating the nature of the violation, group, in which a light signal appears when one of a predetermined group of parameters is deviated, centralized, carried out by a computer and its output devices
6. Diagnostics of the state of technological equipment serves to determine the root cause of its abnormal operation, predict the likely occurrence of malfunctions, as well as the degree of their danger for the further operation of the equipment
7. Preparation and transmission of information to adjacent ACS and reception of information from these systems. The purposes of this exchange of information are discussed in § 1 1.

The content of the control functions of the APCS is the development and implementation of control actions on the TOU. Here, “production” means the determination of the required values ​​of control actions on the basis of the available information, and “implementation” means actions that ensure the compliance of the actual value of the control action with the required one. The development of control actions can be carried out both by technical means and by the operator; implementation is carried out with the obligatory use of technical means.
Consider the control functions of the APCS.

1. Function remote control consists in the transfer of control actions from the operator to the electric drives * of the actuators (open-close) and auxiliary electric motors (on-off).

Nuclear power plants also have a small number of non-electrified shut-off and regulators that are manually operated locally; this is done not by operators, but by special walkers at the command of the operators.

1. The automatic control function consists in automatically maintaining the output values ​​of the object at a given value.
2. The automatic protection function serves to preserve the equipment in case of emergency disturbances in the operation of the units. The simplest examples of such a function can be the opening of a safety valve when the pressure rises above the maximum permissible or automatic shutdown of the reactor in the event of an emergency shutdown of several MCPs.An important variation of this function is the emergency switching on of the reserve (ATS), designed to automatically turn on a backup unit (for example, a pump) in the event of an emergency shutdown. working. This function includes notification of the fact of protection operation and their root cause.
3. The automatic blocking function is used to prevent emergency situations that may arise due to improper management. It implements a technology-based relationship between individual operations. An example of interlocks is an automatic prohibition on starting a pump in the absence of lubrication or cooling, as well as automatic closing of valves at the head and suction of the pump when its engine is turned off.
4. Logic control function is to generate discrete ones. control signals (of the "yes-no" type) based on the logical analysis of discrete signals describing the state of the object. Logic control is widely used in control systems for reactor regulators, turbines, etc. Strictly speaking, the functions of emergency protection and automatic interlocks can also be considered logical control, however, logical control usually includes operations performed according to more complex laws. Logic control results in changes in the technological scheme (switching on, off pipelines, pumps, heat exchangers) or switching in the circuits of automatic regulators.
5. The optimization function ensures that the extreme value of the adopted control criterion is maintained. In contrast to the functions of automatic control, blocking, logical control, which are designed to stabilize the output parameters of an object or change them according to a previously known law, optimization consists in searching for previously unknown values ​​of these parameters, at which the criterion will take an extreme value. The practical implementation of the results of determining the optimal parameters can be carried out by changing the setting for automatic regulators, switching in the technological scheme, etc. turbines by optimizing the performance of the condenser circulation pumps).

Fig. 1 3. The structure of the automated process control system of the power unit.
1-14 - subsystems, 1 - control of especially critical parameters, 2 - technological signaling; 3 - remote control, 4 - automatic protection, 5 automatic control, 6 - FGU, 7 -SUZ, 8 - ACS T, 9 - VRK, 10 - SRK U-KTO and KTsTK, 12 - SU RCP, 13 - auxiliary control subsystems technological systems, 14 - UVS; 15 - block operators, 16 - operators of auxiliary technological systems, 17 - computer operators

Optimization can also concern the parameters of the automated process control system itself, an example of which is the determination of the optimal settings of the regulators according to the criterion of the accuracy of maintaining the controlled values.

* Drives with other types of auxiliary energy (hydraulic, pneumatic) are not widely used at nuclear power plants (except for the turbine speed control system and some types of high-speed reduction units).

Secondary functions.

APCS are functions that ensure the solution of intra-system problems, that is, they are designed to ensure the system's own functioning. These include checking the operability of the APCS devices and the correctness of the initial information, automatic input of backup APCS devices in case of failures of the working ones, reporting to the personnel about failures in the APCS, etc. the normal functioning of the systems is impossible.
For the convenience of development, design, delivery, installation and commissioning of APCS, they are conventionally divided into subsystems. Each subsystem provides control of a part of the object or combines technical means that perform any one specific function; in the first case, they speak of a multifunctional subsystem, in the second, of a single-functional subsystem are relatively independent from each other and can be developed and manufactured by various organizations with their subsequent docking directly at the facility. Let's consider the main subsystems of the APCS of power units (Fig. 1.3).

1. The subsystem for monitoring especially critical parameters performs the function of monitoring and measuring. It is realized on individual measuring instruments and contains sensors, transducers, indicating and recording devices. The recorders also perform the recording function. The presence of this subsystem is associated with the need to maintain a minimum amount of control in the event of a computer failure. The information received by this subsystem can be used in other subsystems of the APCS.
2. The technological signaling subsystem performs the functions of individual and group signaling. It contains primary converters, devices that compare analog signals with set values ​​and devices for sound and light signals. In some cases, this subsystem does not have its own primary converters, but uses information from the subsystem for monitoring critical parameters.
3. The remote control subsystem provides remote control of regulating, shut-off elements and mechanisms, performs the functions of signaling the state of controlled mechanisms, automatic interlocks and entering information about the state of organs into a computer.
4. The automatic protection subsystem performs the specified function, as well as some functions of automatic interlocks. It consists of primary converters, alarm generation circuits, executive bodies emergency protection and devices for light and sound notification of the operator about the facts of protection activation and the root causes of accidents. In some cases, the initial information about the parameter values ​​comes from other subsystems. Devices of other subsystems (for example, contactors of electric motors of pumps) can be used as executive bodies.
5. The automatic control subsystem regulates the parameters using individual regulators. In addition, this subsystem provides control over the position of the regulating bodies and their remote control when the regulators are disabled. Possibilities modern means regulation allows transferring some logical control functions to this subsystem.

In addition to the main devices, all subsystems contain connecting cables, panels on which devices are located, power supplies, etc.
In addition to these subsystems, intended mainly to perform any one function for the block as a whole, there are a number of multifunctional subsystems designed to perform a set of functions for controlling any unit or technological system.
Aggregates are controlled using devices that form a functional group control subsystem (FGU). To start or stop the unit controlled by the FGU, it is enough to give one command, after which all operations are performed automatically.
Multifunctional subsystems of the APCS of the block that control individual technological systems are usually called a "control system". This is due to the fact that such subsystems were developed and formalized before the advent of automated process control systems as independent systems. They can have their own computers, and then they are transferred all the functions of controlling the corresponding technological equipment. In the absence of its own computer, part of the functions is transferred to the computer of the APCS of the unit (centralized control, calculation of indirect values, registration of some parameters, diagnostics of the state of technological equipment, information exchange with the APCS, optimization). These multifunctional subsystems include:

1. control, protection, automatic regulation and control system of the reactor (CPS) for controlling the power of the reactor in all modes of its operation and their auxiliary equipment;
2. automated system turbine control (ACS T), designed to control turbines and their auxiliary equipment;
3. refueling and fuel transport control system, which controls all mechanisms that carry out the movement of fuel from its arrival at the NPP to sending spent fuel for reprocessing.

If this is dictated by the requirements of the technology, then the APCS may include other subsystems.For example, units with fast neutron reactors have a subsystem for controlling the electric heating of the circuits and a subsystem for controlling the speed of the main circulation pumps (CS RCP).
Some of the multifunctional subsystems are operated by their own operators, supervised by the unit operators.
Modern NPPs also have multifunctional subsystems that perform a full set of information functions for monitoring homogeneous mass parameters. These include:

1. an in-core control system (IRC) designed to control the values ​​of heat release, temperatures and other parameters inside the reactor core;
2. a radiation monitoring system (RMS) designed to monitor the radiation environment of technological equipment, NPP premises and the surrounding area;
3. systems for monitoring the tightness of fuel element cladding (CGO) and monitoring the integrity of technological channels (CCTC), which monitor the state (integrity) of the cladding of fuel elements and technological channels based on the analysis of data on the activity of the coolant and other parameters of the reactor.

The most important subsystem of the APCS, which performs the most complex information and control functions, is the control computer system (CCS) [or the control computer complex (CCS)]. In the automated process control system, UVS units can perform almost all information and control functions.

NPP control panels

Control panel(SCB) is a specially designated room intended for permanent or periodic stay of operators, with panels, consoles and other equipment located in it, on which the technical means of the APCS are installed and with the help of which the technological process is controlled. NPP control is organized from several SCBs.
The central control panel (CCC) refers to the NPP APCS. From it, the overall coordination of the operation of power units, control of electrical switchgear and general plant systems is carried out. The central control room is the place of residence of the station engineer on duty (DIS) or the shift supervisor of the NPP. A room is allocated near the central control room for the location of the UVS of the NPP ACS. If necessary, to control some general station equipment - special water treatment plants, boiler, ventilation systems - a shield of general station devices (SCHOU) (or several SCHOU) is organized.
The main control of the technological process of the unit is carried out from the block control panel (MCR). According to the nuclear safety requirements, for each NPP unit, a reserve control panel (RCR) is organized, which is designed to carry out operations to shutdown the unit in situations in which it is not possible to carry out these operations from the MCR (for example, in the event of a fire at the MCR).
To control some auxiliary systems, both plant-wide and block, local control panels (LCC) are organized. Depending on the technological requirements, these shields are intended for permanent or periodic stay of operating personnel (for example, during refueling). Often no special rooms are allocated for the MCR, but they are located directly at the controlled equipment (for example, the MCR of the turbine generators are located directly in the engine room).
Let's consider in more detail the organization of the control room. A modern power unit is a complex control object with a large number of measurable (up to 5-10 thousand) and controllable (up to 4 thousand) quantities. Each unit is operated by two to three operators. An increase in the number of operating personnel is not possible due to the difficulties in coordinating the work of a larger number of operators. In addition, the increase in personnel reduces the efficiency of the NPP. Naturally, even with the use of modern control facilities (including computers), the operators are subject to a great mental and physical load.
When designing the APCS, the units strive to reduce the number of monitored parameters and controlled objects.However, due to the peculiarities of the technology, as mentioned above, the number of monitored and controlled parameters is measured in thousands, and the placement of such a number of indicating instruments and controls on the operational fields directly in front of the operators is simply impossible. ... In modern process control systems, the following methods are used to reduce operational fields.

1. location of all devices that do not require control by operators (regulators, FGU devices, relay circuits of interlocks and protections, etc.), on special non-operational panels, taken out to separate rooms of the control room. Maintenance of these devices is carried out by personnel who ensure the correctness of their operation, but does not participate directly in the control of the unit;
2. the use of centralized control by means of a computer and a decrease in the number of parameters controlled by individual secondary devices; in modern automated process control systems, the number of such parameters is no more than 10% of the total;
3. the use of calling, group and functional group controls, in which one body controls several executive mechanisms;
4. the removal of secondary instruments and controls, which are necessary only for relatively rare operations (preparation for starting the unit), to auxiliary panels located in the operating room of the control room, but outside the main control loop (on the side or behind the operators). With a large number of auxiliary systems, the control of which is not directly related to the control of the main technological process, a special board of auxiliary systems (SHS) can be organized for them, located in the immediate vicinity of the operational circuit of the control room.

Another way to reduce the burden on operators is to make it easier to decipher incoming information and find the right controls. For this, in particular, in modern APCS, mnemonic diagrams are used. They represent a simplified image of the technological scheme of equipment with conventional images of the main units (heat exchangers, pumps). In the locations of the images of the corresponding units, as well as the shut-off devices, there are state signaling devices (light bulbs with light filters), and in the locations of the images of the regulatory bodies - position indicators.


Fig 1.4. An example of an image of a technological line on a mnemonic diagram
1 - pump mnemonic with status indicator, 2 - gate valve mnemonic with status indicator, 3 - regulator position indicator; 4 - tank mnemonic, 5 - pump control key; 6 - valve control key, 7 - control key for the regulating body, 8 - pressure deviation indicator, 9 - level deviation indicator, 10 - red filter, 11 - green filter

In some cases, the mnemonic diagram contains devices showing the values ​​of technological parameters, as well as devices signaling the deviation of these parameters from the norm. If the mnemonic diagram is located within the reach of operators, controls are also installed on it (Fig. 1-4).

a - with a free-standing remote control; b - with an attached remote control, 1 - vertical panels, 2 - remote control; 3 - table top; 4 - vertical attachment, 5 - inclined panel


Fig 15. Variants of the layout of the operating circuit of the control unit (section):
Structurally, the operational contour of the control room is usually performed in the form of vertical instrument panels and a free-standing console (Fig. 1.5, a). The vertical panels contain large-sized instruments, as well as mimic diagrams and rarely used controls. When the mnemonic diagram is located at the top of the console, it is usually oblique to improve visibility. The operational part of the control panel consists of an inclined (or horizontal) tabletop on which controls, position indicators of shut-off and regulating bodies and indicators of the state of auxiliary electric motors are located.


Fig. 1 6. Variants of the control room operational contour layout (plan)
a - arched, b - linear, 1 - operational panels, 2 - control panel, 3 - table-panel, 4 - auxiliary panels; I - III - control zones, respectively, of the reactor, steam generators and turbine generators

In some cases, mnemonic diagrams are located both on the tabletop and on the vertical console attachment. The consoles, serviced by one operator, have a considerable length (up to 5 m), and when carrying out transient modes, the operator works standing. In stationary modes, when the volume of control operations is small, the operator can work in a seated position. For this, a special workplace, near which the most important control and management bodies are located. The tabletop of this workplace should be free of devices so that the operator can use instructions, keep records, etc. modern systems- and computer communication devices
Auxiliary panels (as well as MCU panels) usually do not have stand-alone consoles, but are performed in an attached version (Fig. 1.5, b), work behind such consoles, as a rule, while standing.
Basically, there are two variants of the layout of the control room operational contour: arcuate and linear (Fig. 1.6). Usually the unit is controlled by two or three operators from one, two or three consoles. For ease of passage to the vertical panels, gaps are made between the consoles.
Operational panels are located directly in front of the consoles, auxiliary panels are located on the side and behind. Usually, in the center of the control room, there is a desk-console for the unit shift supervisor (or senior operator). At the same table, operators' workplaces for sitting can be allocated.
The placement of instruments and devices on the control room panels and consoles is subject to a sequential-technological principle, i.e., from left to right, in accordance with the technological process (reactor - MCP - steam generators - turbine generators). Accordingly, the left auxiliary panels are assigned to control the reactor and steam generators, the right ones - to the turbine generators.
In the room of the operational circuit of the control room, the specified illumination of panels and consoles (200 lux), temperature (18-25 ° C) and humidity (30-60%) of the air are provided; the noise level should not exceed 60 dB. The control room is carried out according to a special architectural project, which takes into account the aesthetic and engineering requirements. The access of cable streams to all switchboard devices must be ensured. The MCR room must comply with safety standards, fire safety and the rules for electrical installations.
The operational contour of the control room occupies only a part of all rooms of the control room. Non-operational panels occupy a significant area. Typically, the operational circuit is located in the central part of the control room, and the non-operational panels are located in rooms on the sides of the operational hall. There are layouts in which non-operational panels are placed under the operational hall. Taking into account the significant number of cable connections between the operational circuit of the control room and the computer, the computer room is also sought to be brought closer to the operating room.
The reserve control room (RC) is located in a special room, separated from the control room by a fire-resistant fence or at some distance from it, but so that access to it can be provided without hindrance and in a minimum time. The volume of monitoring and control equipment installed at the control room must be sufficient for the normal shutdown of the unit, even in the presence of accidents in the technological equipment, while all safety requirements are met.

The use of the block layout of the main equipment led to the transition to new principles of power unit control. These principles consist in the creation of a unified centralized control system for the units of the block, all elements of which are located on the block control panel (MCR).

The control system of the unit includes control, automation, alarm and remote control devices. The control room also provides communication with workplaces and the central control panel. In addition, control and information-computing machines are located at the control room, if their installation is provided for by the project.

All elements of the control system are located on operational panels and control panels. The block panel also houses the electrical panels of the generator-transformer unit, technological protection panels, control panels, power panels, central alarm panels and a number of other non-operational panels. The control panels contain keys for remote control of valves and electric motors, which allow starting, stopping and normal operation of the unit. The presence of a mnemonic diagram and alarm panels facilitates the work of operating personnel in both normal and emergency conditions. From the control room, the generator is also switched on in parallel operation.

According to established practice, the control of two units is located in one room of the control room. This allows you to expand the control area without compromising operational reliability (Fig. 1-3).

It should be noted that at present there is still no unified layout of panels and consoles, even for the same type of equipment. This is due to the search for the most convenient and rational layout of the control and management elements of the unit. In fig. Figures 1-4 show the control room plan for 200 MW units. Here, for the consoles and operational panels, a closed layout with a mirror arrangement of the panels of each block is adopted. Nine panels of the operating circuit are installed on one unit: 01 - generator panels, 02 - auxiliary transformer panels, 03-06-turbine panels, 07-09 - boiler panels. The rest of the panels belong to the non-operational contour.

The use of block control panels made it possible to concentrate all control of the block> in one place, which made the operation of the equipment more efficient, especially in emergency situations. This solution to the issue provided a high level of automation of modern equipment, measuring equipment and remote control. With the introduction of centralized management methods, safe working conditions are improved due to the elimination of permanent jobs around operating * equipment. Soundproofing of the control room, good lighting conditions and air conditioning create favorable sanitary conditions for operating personnel.

Some disadvantage of the centralized control system is that the operational personnel is deprived of the possibility of visual observation of the operating equipment, since they cannot replace the systematic observation by the attendants on duty. This problem can be solved by the widespread use of television installations, the television cameras of which are located in the most critical places of the block. Having one TV screen, the operator can use a special switch to get an image of any nodes and objects of interest to him. This system is widely used in the United States. Note that in order to provide a certain visual overview of the equipment, control rooms of a 300 MW unit have one

Glass wall overlooking the machine room.

The use of central control panels does not exclude the use of local control panels installed in the most critical places (feed pumps, deaerators, etc.). All the necessary monitoring and control equipment for one or another element of the unit is installed on these boards.

Local control panels are used when starting the unit, as well as to monitor the operation of equipment during rounds.

Let us consider in more detail the power unit control panel - the main panel from which the power unit is controlled.

The structure of the control room has undergone significant changes during the development of nuclear power. To date, it looks like this.

Control room equipment consists of one or several information panels, a control panel and operator workstations or consoles. The panels display general information: block mnemonic diagram, technological parameters, alarm. Some of the information and the main controls are located on the control panel.

The control room is usually divided into two zones (two circuits): operational zone, which contains information tools and equipment for controlling the main equipment in normal and emergency modes of operation, as well as equipment for monitoring security systems, and non-operational zone, in which all controls and means of providing information are concentrated, which allows non-operational personnel, who are not process operators, to carry out all the necessary actions for the maintenance of the software and hardware of the automated control system, without interfering with the process operator to control the unit. In new projects, it is planned to create a third zone - a supervisory circuit, which will provide non-operational, "supporting" personnel with information about the operation of the unit and the structure of technical control objects, without interfering with the main operators. An earlier version of the general view and plan of the control room is shown in Fig. 12, perspective in Fig. 13.

Below are the general structures of shields and control posts of a power unit with a VVER-1000 reactor.

Rice. 12. General form block control room and layout of technical means:

1-8 - monitoring and control panels of the reactor compartment, 9-16 - monitoring and control panels of the turbine compartment, 17 - collective use boards, 18-19 - monitoring and safety control monitors, 20 - keyboard, 21 - AWS SIUR, 22 - bodies remote individual control, 23 - security panels, 24 - control monitors, 25 - workstation of the deputy shift supervisor of the station, 26 - workstation of SIUT, 27 - workstation of a crisis situation specialist.

The structure of the operational control loops of the control room is as follows.

The automated workstation of the SIUR is located in front of the monitoring and control panels serving the subsystems of the NFMM, CPS and mnemonic diagrams with the most important thermotechnical measurements. Directly on the AWP there are remote control elements of the CPS, four color monitors and one safety monitor, buttons for acknowledgment of the mnemonic scheme alarms and a panel for collective use, emergency communication equipment.

AWS SIUT has keypads for control and remote selective control, four color monitors and one security monitor, buttons for acknowledging alarms, mnemonic schemes and panels for collective use, emergency communication equipment.

AWP ZNSS is equipped with information displays and security display, information output keyboards.