The formula for the average annual output of one worker. Production - what is it? Output as an indicator of labor productivity Output per 1 worker in what is measured

To determine the efficiency of production and its profitability, the formula for calculating labor productivity is used. Based on the data obtained, the management of the enterprise can draw conclusions about the introduction of new machines or changes in production technology, reduction or increase in the workforce. Calculating this value is very simple.

Basic information

By calculating labor productivity, you can find out how fruitful the work of workers is for a given period of time. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to plan the further work of the enterprise - calculate the estimated production volumes, revenue, draw up a cost estimate and purchase materials for production in the required quantity, hire the required number of workers.

Labor productivity is characterized by two main indicators:

• Working out , which indicates the volume of products manufactured by one worker for a certain period of time. Often calculated for one hour, day or week.
• Labor intensity - on the contrary, it already indicates the amount of time that the worker spent on the production of one unit of goods.

Calculation of production and labor intensity

B=V/T or B=V/N, where

• V
• T - the time it takes to make it
• N

• V - quantity of the manufactured product;
• N - the average number of employees.

Both formulas can be used to calculate the productivity of one worker.

In 5 days, the confectionery shop produced 550 cakes. There are 4 confectioners in the shop.

The output is:

• В=V/T=550/4=137.5 - the number of cakes made by one confectioner per week;
• В=V/N=550/5=110 - the number of cakes made in one day.

R=N/V= 4/550=0.0073 - indicates the amount of effort that the confectioner makes to make one cake.

Formulas for calculating performance

• The volume of output is calculated in units of manufactured goods. For example, for shoes - pairs, for canned food - cans, etc.
• Only the personnel involved in the production are taken into account. So, accountants, cleaners, managers and other specialists who are not directly involved in production are not considered.

Balance calculation

The formula looks like this:

PT=ORP/NWP where:

• Fri - labor productivity;
• ORP - the volume of output;
• NWP- the average number of workers involved in the process.

PT=195 506/60=3258.4, which means that the labor productivity of the enterprise for the year amounted to 3258.4 machines per worker.

Profit Performance Calculation

Labor productivity for the year or month for the enterprise is calculated by the formula:

PT \u003d V / R, where

• Fri - average annual or average monthly output;
• AT - revenue;
• R - the average number of employees for the year or month.

Fri = 10 670 000/60 = 177 833. 3 rubles. It turns out that for one year of work, each employee brings an average of 177,833.3 rubles of profit.

Average daily calculation

PTC=V/T, where

• T - the total cost of working time for the production of products in hours or days;
• AT - revenue.

PT=10657/30=255. 2 machines per day.

Natural Calculation Formula

This formula looks like this:

PT \u003d VP / KR, where

• VP - manufactured products;
• KR - the number of workers.

Fri=150/8=18.75 cars.

Factors affecting value

• Natural and weather conditions . The productivity of agricultural enterprises directly depends on weather conditions. So, bad weather conditions - rain, low temperatures - can reduce human productivity.
• Political situation . The more stable it is, the more attention is paid to the development of production, therefore, the productivity is higher.
• General economic situation , both enterprises and states, the world as a whole. Loans, debt - all this can also reduce productivity.
• Making changes to the structure of production . For example, previously one employee performed 2 or 3 operations, then a separate employee was involved in each operation.
• Application of various technologies . This includes not only the implementation new technology and equipment, but also methods and techniques of production.
• Change in management team . As you know, every leader tries to make his own additions to manufacturing process. Not only the performance indicator, but also the quality of the goods largely depends on his knowledge and qualifications.
• Availability of additional incentives - premiums, increased pay for processing.

In general, the productivity of any enterprise is constantly growing. This is due both to gaining experience and to building up technical and technological potential.

Video: Formula for calculating labor productivity

Any work must be efficient: to produce material or other benefits in sufficient quantities and with a reasonable ratio of income and expenses. Labor is embodied in the products produced by man. Therefore, it is so important to evaluate the indicator of labor productivity as a factor in production efficiency. Thus, we can conclude that the labor costs of both an individual worker and a group or a large team are optimal.

In the article, we will talk about the nuances of assessing labor productivity, give a formula and specific examples of calculations, as well as factors that an analysis of the results can show.

Relativity of labor productivity

Labor productivity as an economic indicator carries direct information about the degree of efficiency of workers' labor invested in the output.

Working, a person spends time and energy, time is measured in hours, and energy is measured in calories. In any case, such work can be both mental and physical. If the result of labor is a thing, product or service created by a person, then the labor invested in it takes on a different form - “frozen”, that is, embodied, it can no longer be measured by the usual indicators, because it reflects already past labor investments and costs.

Assess labor productivity- means to determine how effectively a worker (or a group of workers) has invested his labor in creating a unit of output in a specified time period.

Performance Study Coverage

Depending on how wide the audience needs to be researched for labor productivity, this indicator can be:

• individual- show the efficiency of labor costs of one employee (its increase reflects the efficiency of production of 1 unit of output);
• local- the average for the enterprise or industry;
• public- show productivity on the scale of the entire employed population (the ratio of gross product or national income to the number of people employed in production).

Production and labor intensity

Labor productivity is characterized by two important indicators.

1. Working out- the amount of labor performed by one person - this way you can measure not only the number of things produced, but also the provision of services, the sale of goods and other types of work. The average output can be calculated by taking the ratio of output to the total number of workers.
   The output is calculated according to the following formula:
   • B - production;
   • V - the volume of manufactured products (in money, standard hours or in kind);
   • T is the time taken to manufacture a given volume of products.
2. Labor intensity- costs and attendant efforts accompanying the production of goods. They can be of various types:
   • technological- labor costs for the production process itself;
   • serving- expenses for equipment repair and production service;
   • managerial- labor costs for managing the production process and its protection.

   NOTE! The total of technological and maintenance labor costs is production labor intensity. And if we add to the production managerial, then we can talk about full labor intensity.

   To calculate the labor intensity, you need to apply the following formula:

Methods for assessing labor productivity

Applying one or another formula to calculate this economic indicator is determined by the intended result, that is, the answer to the question of what units we want to receive as indicators of labor efficiency. It can be:

• monetary expression;
• the product itself, that is, its quantity, weight, length, etc. (the method is applicable if the manufactured product is the same);
• conditional units of goods (when the manufactured products are heterogeneous);
• volume for accounting time (suitable for any type of product).

To use any of these methods, you must know the indicators:

• N - the number of workers for which the calculation is applied;
• V is the amount of work in one expression or another.

Calculation of labor productivity by cost method

PRst = Vst / N

• PR st - cost productivity of labor;
• V st - the volume of manufactured products in financial (value) terms.
• N - the number of units producing products

Example #1

The owner of the pastry shop wants to know the productivity of the pastry department. This department employs 10 confectioners who, in an 8-hour work shift, make cakes estimated at 300,000 rubles. Let's find the labor productivity of one confectioner.

To do this, first divide 300,000 (daily output) by 10 (number of employees): 300,000 / 10 \u003d 30,000 rubles. This is the daily productivity of one employee. If you need to find this indicator per hour, then we divide the daily productivity by the duration of the shift: 30,000 / 8 = 3,750 rubles. at one o'clock.

Calculation of labor productivity by natural method

It is more convenient to use it if the manufactured products can be easily measured in generally accepted units - pieces, grams or kilograms, meters, liters, etc., while the goods (services) produced are homogeneous.

PRnat = Vnat / N

• PR nat - natural labor productivity;
• V nat - the number of units of manufactured products in a convenient form of calculation.

Example #2

We investigate the productivity of the calico fabric manufacturing department at the factory. Suppose that 20 employees of the shop produce 150,000 m of calico in 8 hours of daily hay. Thus, 150,000 / 20 = 7500 m of calico is produced (conditionally) per day by 1 employee, and if we look for this indicator in metro hours, then we divide the individual output by 8 hours: 7500 / 8 = 937, 5 meters per hour.

Calculation of labor productivity according to the conditionally natural method

This method is convenient in that it is suitable for calculations in cases where the manufactured products are similar in characteristics, but still not the same, when it can be taken as a conventional unit.

PRsl = Vcond / N

• PR conv - labor productivity in conventional units of production;
• V conditional - the conditional volume of production, for example, in the form of raw materials or others.

Example #3

The mini-bakery produces 120 bagels, 50 pies and 70 buns in an 8-hour working day, 15 employees are employed in it. We introduce a conditional coefficient in the form of the amount of dough (assume that all products use the same dough and they differ only in shaping). For a daily norm of bagels, 8 kg of dough is consumed, for pies - 6 kg, and for buns - 10 kg. Thus, the indicator of the daily consumption of dough (Vusl) will be 8 + 6 + 10 = 24 kg of raw materials. Let's calculate the labor productivity of 1 baker: 24 / 15 = 1.6 kg per day. The hourly rate will be 1.6 / 8 = 0.2 kg per hour.

Calculation of labor productivity according to the labor method

This method is effective if you need to calculate time labor costs, while taking the volumetric indicator in standard hours. It is applicable only for such types of production, where the temporary tension is approximately the same.

PRtr \u003d Vper unit T / N

• PR tr - labor productivity;
• V per unit T - the number of products manufactured in a selected unit of time.

Example #4

It takes a worker 2 hours to make a stool, and 1 hour to make a high chair. Two carpenters made 10 stools and 5 chairs in an 8-hour shift. Let's find their labor productivity. We multiply the volume of manufactured products by the time of production of one of its units: 10 x 2 + 5 x 1 \u003d 20 + 5 \u003d 25. Now we divide this figure by the time period we need, for example, if we want to find the productivity of one worker per hour, then we divide by (2 workers x 8 hours). That is, it turns out 25 / 16 \u003d 1.56 units of production per hour.

Note. The texts of the tasks are taken from the forum.

Task

Comment.
The difference between economists and bookkeepers and other "figuration stackers" is that economists try to get to the bottom of the process they are working with.

Let's start with the output per person per quarter. We divide by three, we get 1667 rubles per month. Let's subtract VAT, at least 5% of the profit, take into account that the share of wages usually does not exceed 30%, and we get 400 rubles of wages per person! And that's with fees! It immediately becomes clear that this task does not have any normal semantic economic content.

Now let's take a look at the second proposition. In it, we learn about the company's plans for production and reduction. For some reason, the author is sure that the development of the third quarter should be the basis for the development of the fourth. And if the enterprise stood for a month or two? And the author of the problem does not realize that the number of working days (and, accordingly, the amount of working time) in the third and fourth quarters is different? That is, if we even have an automatic plant, then performance will still vary.!

From where we have a simple conclusion: for a specialist in enterprise economics this problem has no solution!

And further. The increase in labor productivity is ensured not by "the stroke of a pen", but by organizational and technical measures. And only on the basis of these data it is possible to carry out staff reductions and determine the results that we can get. Here, everything is turned upside down. But we need an "A" from the teacher...

Decision.
Let's determine the planned number. For this (for some reason) we take the fact of the third quarter (see comment)

15,000,000 / 5,000 = 3,000 people

Now "cut down with a stroke of the pen" 80 people
3,000 - 80 = 2,920 people

Also we will define "new" productivity. Apparently, the author of this problem will come to the podium and turn to the team with a fiery speech... Everyone will immediately begin to "work better".

15,000,000 / 2,920 = 5,136.99 rubles per person

Well, let's divide it into a "base period"
5 136,99 / 5 000 * 100% - 100% = 2,74%

Answer: output will be 5,136.99 rubles, labor productivity growth of 2.74%

Task

Comment.
From the point of view of economics or the possibility of learning something, the task is of no interest. Training on the ability to press the buttons on the calculator.

However, if you are even a tiny bit of an economist, you must ask yourself, what kind of enterprise is this, which produces products for 1713 UAH. per person per month?(18,500,000 / 900 / 12 ≈ 1,713). If materials, taxes, electricity, gas are subtracted from this amount, then how much will remain on wages? The teacher should have thought about this.
Sadly...

Decision.
We present the solution in the form of a completed table.

The answer, as we see, is given in the table, while the figures, in their economic essence, are complete nonsense ....

The effectiveness of the use of personnel in the work of the company is characterized by indicators of labor productivity.

Labor productivity is economic category, which expresses the degree of expediency and fruitfulness of the activities of the employees of the enterprise for the production of spiritual and material benefits.

Labor productivity is determined by the amount of time spent by an employee on the production of a unit of output (or on the performance of a certain work) or the amount of output (volume of work) that an employee produced in a certain unit of time (shift, hour, year, quarter).

Labor productivity is determined through a system of indicators of labor intensity and output.

Working out

Output (W) - the actual productivity of labor, in the economy is understood as the quotient of dividing the volume of work performed (output) by the number of employees (labor costs).

W = q / T

Labor intensity

Labor intensity (t) is determined by dividing labor costs (number of employees) by the amount of work (output). Labor intensity indicators characterize labor costs per unit of output (work performed), and output indicators characterize the volume of work performed (product received) per unit of headcount.

t = T / q

Where q is the volume of manufactured products, T is the cost of working time.

Basic coefficients of labor productivity are calculated both separately and on average for the organization.

Production of products and production at individual work sites and places involved in the production of products are always determined in kind, in the volume of produced units of products.

For example, the volume of certificates issued on average by a telephone operator in the GTS information service per hour, the volume of written correspondence sorted by one sorter per hour. At individual workplaces, the volume of output, as a rule, is normalized - each employee is assigned a separate planned task or a specific output rate.

Productivity of maintenance workers various means communications are difficult to characterize with performance indicators, since they are engaged in the regulation and elimination of damage, and their work activity often involves only staying at their workplace. Therefore, on this stage it is important to measure the indicators of labor intensity, that is, the amount of time spent, for example, on eliminating communication interference.

The volume of labor productivity in a communications organization is determined by the indicator of the average amount of output. However, in a communications company it is impossible to know the output in physical terms as a whole, since the company provides various types of services and works, therefore the output is determined in monetary terms - the total volume of the company's products sold will be displayed by the received revenue, therefore, when calculating labor productivity, the indicator is generally used sales proceeds.

The formula for calculating labor productivity is as follows:

PT = O / H

Where O is the amount of work per unit of time, PT is labor productivity and H is the number of employees.

• Before carrying out calculations, determine the indicators by which the calculation will be carried out: production output or labor intensity.
• Choose the method by which the volume of labor productivity will be calculated: labor, natural or cost. The natural method is used to calculate the exact amount of output and output produced (in quantity, mass, cubic or square meters).

Examples of calculating labor productivity

Consider the following examples:

1. The company, which employs 50 workers, produced 50,000 nails in a month. The output of one worker will be: 1000 pieces of nails / person (50,000 divided by 50).
2. The company, which employs 50 workers, produces about 30,000 window frames per week. Under such conditions, the output will be calculated as follows: 30,000/50 = 600 window frames (one worker produces per week).

With the labor method, the quantity of products is determined in standard hours, it is not suitable for medium or small businesses, it is used mainly by large companies. For example, a turner grinds 0.5 bushings per minute of his shift. In the cost methodology, value expressions are taken as the basis.

Let's give an example: two factories produce products worth 1,000,000 rubles in one day. One factory employs 10 people, the other 40. Calculation: 1,000,000/50 = 20,000 rubles (one factory employee produces products for this amount).

When making calculations, take into account the fact that the volume of labor productivity is a variable value that depends not only on employees, but also on the head (owner) of the company: the better the working conditions at the enterprise, the higher and more reliable will be the motivation of employees and their productivity.

It is very important to correctly calculate labor productivity for an enterprise, since the work schedule and staffing employees, as well as the cost of products (services), the costs of its production and the final profit of the company.

Labor productivity in accounting

Not only an enterprise economist, but also an accountant can calculate labor productivity. The indicator of labor productivity can also be determined by indirect indicators reflected in the balance sheet. To do this, you must use the following formula:

PT \u003d Vvr / PE

Where PE is the number of personnel, PT is labor productivity, Vvr is the amount of work performed, which is indicated in the balance sheet.

An increase in labor productivity in 100% of cases means a reduction in costs and an increase in the profitability of the company, and also indicates that the company has a competent leader. Productivity growth should not be short-term and sudden, for example, due to a sharp increase in the workload of employees, but gradual and smooth. Labor productivity is directly related to the cost of goods (products, services) - the higher the productivity, the lower the cost and vice versa.

Factors affecting labor productivity

Labor productivity indicators change under the influence of various factors, which may be internal or external to the company.

The following can be distinguished external factors:

• Political: by decision of the state, capital is accumulated in the hands of a certain circle of high-ranking officials, which leads to a mass unwillingness of the people to work.
• Natural: in difficult climatic conditions (heat, fog, humidity, cold), the overall productivity of labor is significantly reduced.
• General economic: tax and credit policy, systems of quotas and licenses, freedom of entrepreneurial activity.

To internal factors relate:

• Application of modern achievements of science and technology in production.
• Change in the structure and volume of production.
• Improving the organization and stimulation of the work of employees.
• Modernization of the organization of production and management in the company.

How to increase labor productivity

To improve performance, if we are talking about the production of products, the management of the enterprise needs to:

• Implement automated lines.
• Don't be sorry financial resources to a new software and training their employees to use the latest technologies.
• Optimize logistics, because if an employee spends most of his working time on downtime and waiting, then the efficiency of his work will be low.

The right motivation of employees also plays a big role - an employee who has four shifts a week and no additional motivation will produce fewer parts per hour than an employee who has two shifts and additional bonuses from company:

• Additional health insurance policy.
• Holiday awards.
• Discounted pool membership.

Labor productivity is very difficult to calculate in the activities of managers who are not involved in direct sales or employees who are engaged in the service, maintenance or recruiting industry. To make the work of such employees more efficient, it is necessary to use methods non-material motivation. For example:

• Attendance by employees of free trainings on effective communications and team building.
• Praise and recognition of work.
• Contests, competitions.
• Motivating meetings.
• Discounts for services.
• Congratulations on significant dates.
• Informing other employees about the achievements of their colleagues.
• Incentive trips.

Video: how to calculate labor productivity

In order to analyze and predict the productivity of the enterprise, the following indicators are used:

• Private: display the time spent on the production of a unit of output or show how many goods of a particular type in physical terms are produced in a certain unit of time.
• Generalizing: average daily, average annual, average hourly production of products (goods) per employee. These indicators are calculated by dividing the volume of production in rubles or standard hours by the total number of employees or all industrial and production personnel of the company.
• Auxiliary: give an idea of ​​the time spent by an employee to perform a unit of any work or the total amount of work carried out per unit of time.

2.4.3 Factor analysis of labor productivity

The average annual output per employee is determined by the formula:

AMS employees - the average number of employees.

FDR - number of days of work;

Average hour vyr-ka - average hourly output per employee.

Average hourly output per worker:

thus:

216 * 8 * 0,70 = 1210

The average annual output of 1 employee depends on:

1. Average hourly output of 1 employee;

2. Duration of the working day;

3. The number of days worked by 1 employee.

4. To calculate the influence of factors on the average annual output of an employee, it is presented in the form of a formula:

Let's analyze by the method of absolute differences:

SW - average hourly output of one worker;

DRD - the duration of the working day;

FDR is the number of days of work.

ΔAverage average hourly output \u003d (0.69 - 0.68) * 8 * 220 \u003d 17.6 rubles / person

ΔAverage production of DWP \u003d 0.69 * (8 - 8) * 220 \u003d 0

ΔAverage production of FDR \u003d 0.69 * 8 * (215 - 220) \u003d - 27.6 rubles / person.

17,6 + 0 – 27,6 = 1187 – 1197

Table 14

Factor analysis of output

The influence of the factor average hourly output is determined by the formula:

SW - average hourly output of one worker;

DRD - the duration of the working day;

FDR is the number of days of work.

ΔAverage output average hourly output \u003d (0.70 - 0.63) * 8 * 220 \u003d 123.2 rubles / person

The influence of the factor the length of the working day is determined using the formula:

ΔAverage production of DWP \u003d 0.70 * (8 - 8) * 220 \u003d 0

Influence of the factor number of days of work:

ΔAverage production of FDR \u003d 0.70 * 8 * (216 - 220) \u003d -22.6 rubles / person.

123,2 + 0 – 22,6 = 1210 – 1109

The average annual output of one worker shows how much on average one person can produce per year (in rubles) under certain conditions, such as the number of days of work per year, the length of the working day and the average hourly output of one worker. Thus, it can be seen that in 2008 the plan was underfulfilled by 10 rubles, that is, people did not fit into the planned values ​​and produced less, but already in 2009, in fact, annual output increased by 101 rubles, that is, the plan was overfulfilled. The underfulfillment of the plan is explained mainly by the days actually worked. Instead of the planned 220 days, each worker worked on average for 215 days, respectively, the enterprise lost 5 days (or 27.6 rubles of average annual output). But also as a result of an increase in the number of man hours worked by an employee, the average annual output increased by 17.6 rubles, but this still did not lead to the fulfillment of the plan. In turn, the situation in 2009 is explained by the increase in the average hourly output at a faster pace than the decrease in the number of days of work, and also the expanded composition of workers gives an increase in output. Its increase in dynamics is a positive trend for the enterprise, since it will bring more profit later.