Calculation of the average annual cost of fixed production assets. Fixed assets of the enterprise How to calculate the change in the value of fixed assets

Average annual cost of fixed assets- this is the average value of the indicator of the availability of fixed assets during the year.

Average annual cost of fixed assets formula

Average annual cost of fixed assets = (Value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year + Cost of fixed assets at the end of the year) / 2

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OPF - tangible elements that repeatedly participate in the production process, do not change their original form, and transfer their cost in parts to the cost of manufactured products.

The average annual cost of the OPF in the reporting period is determined by the formula:

Where: - cost of OPF at the beginning of the year;

- the cost of received OPF;

- the cost of retired OPF;

m - the number of months of deregistration of retired OPF in the reporting year.

million rubles

The cost of OPF at the end of the reporting year:

Million rub.

1.2 Calculation of BPF usage indicators

Return on assets is an indicator that expresses the ratio of the cost of construction and installation works produced in one year (or other period of time) to the average annual cost of the OPF. Shows how much production (in monetary terms) received from each ruble of operating capital.

Capital intensity is an inverse indicator of capital productivity. Shows what share of the OPF is in 1 ruble of construction and installation works performed on their own.

The renewal coefficient is the ratio of the value of the received OPF to the value of the OPF at the end of the reporting year.

The capital-labor ratio is an indicator that characterizes the cost of the active part of the OPF per one worker employed in construction.

Table 2. Calculation of indicators for the use of OPF

No. p / p	The name of indicators	Conventional designation	Period Values
Base	Reporting

1.	return on assets		2,007846	-
	-	1,912368
2.	capital intensity		0,4982	-
	-	0,5228
Continuation of table 2

3.	OPF renewal factor		-	2,18
4.	OPF disposal rate		-	2,121
5.	OPF reproduction rate		-	0,069
66.	Labor capital-labor ratio		62,22	-
	-	60,72

Conclusion: as can be seen from the calculation of indicators of the use of the OPF:

A decrease in the return on assets in the reporting year relative to the base year indicates a decrease in the volume of construction and installation works, which could occur due to inefficient and irrational use of new equipment, as well as due to the short time spent by production assets in operation.

2. An increase in the capital intensity indicator in the reporting year in relation to the base year indicates a decrease in production efficiency, since the manufacture of this construction product is provided at high cost of the OPF.

3.Refresh rate- the main indicator characterizing the rate of reproduction of fixed capital. It is calculated as the ratio of the value of injected physical capital to the total value at the end of the year. For a construction organization it is 2.18%. This value indicates a certain share of the renewal of the BPF in the construction organization. The leading areas of renewal are an increase in the scale of disposal of physically and morally worn-out means of labor and a corresponding increase in the share of new ones aimed at replacing the former.

4.Retirement rate- the value reflecting the intensity of renewal of production assets, is calculated as the ratio of retired capital investments to the total value at the beginning of the year (taking into account the capital retired due to physical and moral deterioration, since it also retires for reasons not related to its aging). It is equal to 2.121%. This value means that the organization is updating obsolete equipment to some extent. An increase in the degree of renewal is possible by attracting new equipment or overhauling (modernizing) the old one, provided that the costs for this should not lead to an increase in the cost of production.

5.Reproduction rate- reflects the relative increase (decrease) in the OPF due to their renewal (retirement). It is equal to 0.069%, which indicates that the retirement of OPF does not exceed their renewal. The tangible difference between the retirement rate and the renewal rate indicates that the BPF is more updated than retired.

6. Capital-labor ratio- characterizes the equipment of workers of enterprises of the OPF. A decrease in this coefficient indicates that in the reporting year, in comparison with the base year, the share of manual labor increased and the share of mechanized labor decreased.

1.3 We determine the shares of intensive (due to changes in capital productivity) and extensive (due to changes in the size of OPF) factors of changes in the volume of construction and installation works.

The successful functioning of fixed assets depends on how fully the extensive and intensive factors for improving their use are implemented.

Intensive factors changes in the volume of construction and installation works are factors in the development of the production activity of a construction organization through a more complete use of each unit of resource potential due to an increase in labor productivity, a more complete use of materials, an increase in the return on fixed assets, and a better use of working time.

Extensive factors changes in the volume of construction and installation works are factors involved in the development of construction production, an increase in the output of finished construction products by attracting additional resources without increasing the efficiency of their use.

extensive path development involves a way to increase production through quantitative factors while maintaining its former technical basis: additional involvement of labor, the number of enterprises, workshops, sites, and an increase in the construction of new facilities. With this path of development, a large amount of resources (natural, labor, material) is involved in production, but there are no significant changes in technology and technology, labor organization, and the qualifications of workers.

Intra-production reserves for improving the use of existing production capacities are divided into extensive and intensive reserves.

TO extensive factors include reserves for increasing the useful time of equipment operation within the regime fund. These include eliminating intra-shift and day-to-day equipment downtime, as well as reducing the duration of scheduled repairs.

Group intensive reserves includes measures for a more complete loading of equipment per unit of time, advanced training of workers and, on this basis, a more complete use of the productivity of machines, an increase in the output of finished construction products, etc.

extensive Improving the use of fixed assets implies that, on the one hand, the operating time of existing equipment in the calendar period will be increased, and on the other hand, the share of existing equipment in the composition of all equipment available at the enterprise will be increased.

Although the extensive way of improving the use of fixed assets has not yet been fully utilized, it has its limits. The possibilities of the intensive path are much wider.

intensive improving the use of fixed assets involves increasing the degree of equipment utilization per unit of time. This can be achieved by modernizing existing machines and mechanisms, establishing the optimal mode of their operation. Operation under the optimal mode of the technological process ensures an increase in output without changing the composition of fixed assets, without an increase in the number of employees and with a decrease in the consumption of material resources per unit of output.

Intensity the use of fixed assets is also increased through the technical improvement of labor tools and the improvement of production technology, the elimination of "bottlenecks" in the production process, the reduction of the time to achieve the design productivity of equipment, the improvement of the scientific organization of labor, production and management, the use of high-speed methods of work, advanced training and professional skills workers.

The development of technology and the associated intensification of processes are not limited. Therefore, the possibilities for an intensive increase in the use of fixed assets are not limited.

1.3.а Dynamics of construction and installation works volumes in the reporting year due to changes in capital productivity:

Million rub.

1.3.b. Dynamics of the volume of construction and installation works due to changes in the size of the OPF:

Million rub.

Dynamics of construction and installation works volumes:

;
(1.3)

Million rub.

- therefore, the calculations are performed correctly.

2. CALCULATION OF INDICATORS RELATED TO THE LEVEL OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

In recent years, due to the steady growth in the range of products and the pace of its renewal, the nature of industrial enterprises has changed. Enterprise management has become impossible without effective planning of its activities and control over the implementation of plans. Satisfying the needs of consumers required the acceleration of the organization of the release of new products, i.e. flexible development of enterprises. The elements of the flexible development of the enterprise should also include the process of manufacturing competitive products in conditions of limited financial opportunities using all available resources.

In market conditions, when developing new areas of activity, the ideology of budgeting as an element of strategic control becomes the main instrument of corporate governance.

The formation of the company's budget - the basis of financial management and the economic regulator of relations between its structural divisions and the external environment - is one of the main factors in ensuring competitiveness.

The means of production at the disposal of factories are divided into means of labor (buildings, machines, machine tools) and objects of labor (materials, semi-finished products, fuel, locomotives and wagons).

The means of production form production assets, which are divided into fixed and circulating.

Fixed production assets (OPF) are means of labor that fully or partially retain their natural-material form for many production cycles (usually years) and transfer their value to finished products in parts, as they wear out.

The results of modern production are increasingly determined by the renewal and improvement of production assets and depend on the degree of their use.

According to the composition, purpose, functions performed in the production process, fixed assets are usually divided into the following groups that characterize their structure: buildings, structures, transmission devices, machinery and equipment, vehicles, tools, production and household equipment.

According to the role in the production process, the active and passive parts of fixed assets are distinguished.

Active fixed assets are tools of labor that directly affect output, i.e. involved in the transformation of objects of labor into finished products. These are machines and equipment installed in the main workshops of enterprises, adjustable instruments and devices, tools.

Passive fixed assets are those that ensure the normal functioning of the active part of the funds. These are buildings, roads, power plants that supply working machines with electricity, transmission devices that deliver this energy, and vehicles.

The initial cost of fixed assets is expressed in the prices of their acquisition or commissioning. At these prices, fixed assets are taken into account in the balance sheet of the enterprise and depreciation is charged. The initial cost of equipment included in fixed assets consists of the purchase price, transportation costs for delivery and costs for construction and installation works (construction of the foundation, installation and debugging).

Replacement cost is the cost of reproduction of fixed assets. It takes into account the same costs as the initial cost, but in modern conditions, and allows you to compare the volume of fixed assets across enterprises. For these purposes, an inventory and revaluation of fixed assets is periodically carried out.

The full (original and replacement) cost is the cost of fixed assets in a new, unworn condition. At full cost, the funds are accounted for on the balance sheet of the plant during the entire period of their operation.

The residual value is calculated as the difference between the full original cost and the amount of depreciation. It expresses that part of the value of fixed assets that has not yet been transferred to the cost of products manufactured with their help, and is determined by the formula:

F srg = F ng + (F cc* p) / 12 - F select * (12 - p) / 12, ( 1.1)

where f srg - average annual cost of fixed assets;

F ng - initial (book) cost of fixed assets;

F centuries - the cost of fixed assets introduced;

n - the number of months of operation of the commissioned / retired fixed assets;

F sb - liquidation value;

The return on assets is determined by the ratio of the volume of output to the value of fixed production assets, calculated by the formula:

F otd = V vp / F srg , ( 1.2)

where f otd - capital productivity;

V vp - volume of output;

F srg - average annual cost of fixed assets.

Capital intensity - is an inverse indicator of capital productivity and shows the number of fixed assets required for the production of products per 1 ruble. Determined by the formula:

F capacity = F srg /V vp , (1.3)

where f capacity - capital intensity.

The capital-labor ratio shows the share of fixed production assets per worker, that is, it characterizes the level of provision of production personnel with the means of production. Calculated according to the formula:

F voor = F srg / h cn , (1.4)

where f voor - capital-labor ratio;

H cn - headcount.

Profitability of sales - an indicator of the financial performance of the organization, showing what part of the organization's revenue is profit. In this case, various profit indicators can be used as a financial result in the calculation. Determined by the formula:

R=P/S*100%, (1.5)

where R - profitability of sales;

P - profit from sales;

C - cost.

Calculations of the average annual cost of fixed assets are made according to the balance sheet. In turn, this indicator serves as the basis for calculating the performance indicators for the use of fixed assets and studying the dynamics of changes in their value.

In the system of indicators for assessing the movement of fixed assets, the characteristic of the intensity of their renewal is also important.

To do this, calculate the coefficient of renewal of fixed assets for a certain period:

TO update = F input / F con. G , . ( 1.6)

where K o6n - update factor;

F input - the cost of newly introduced (arrived) fixed assets for a certain period;

F con. G. - the value of fixed assets at the end of the year (period) for which the fixed assets are analyzed.

The process of updating fixed assets involves studying the nature of their disposal. The assessment of this process is carried out according to the retirement rate of fixed assets for a certain period:

TO select = F select / F early , ( 1.7)

where K you6 - retirement rate;

F select - the cost of retiring fixed assets for a certain period;

F early - the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the same period.

The processes of renewal and disposal of fixed assets should be mutually evaluated. To do this, study the growth rate of fixed assets:

TO nature = (F input - F select ) /F ng , ( 1.8)

where K nature - coefficient of growth of fixed assets;

F ng - the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the period.

Average annual cost of fixed production assets is the sum of the value of fixed assets at the beginning and end of the period, divided by 2.

Average annual cost of fixed assets formula

Average annual cost of fixed production assets = (Fixed production assets at the beginning of the period + Fixed production assets at the end of the period) / 2

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What applies to fixed assets (OS) of an organization in accounting and tax accounting, we told in ours. And what is meant by fixed production assets (OPF) and how is the average annual cost of OPF calculated?

How to determine the average annual cost of fixed assets

There is no concept of OPF in the current legislation. Usually, OPFs are considered as opposed to non-productive fixed assets. The former refers to a part of fixed assets that are directly involved in the production of products, performance of work or provision of services or create conditions for these processes (for example, buildings and structures, machinery and equipment, computers, transport, etc.). And non-production fixed assets are objects of cultural and community purposes (for example, a canteen or a cinema). However, from the point of view of a commercial organization, non-production assets are not related to fixed assets in principle. Therefore, the terms "OPF" and "OS" are often considered as equivalent.

However, for the purposes of planning and analyzing indicators, an organization can group OS objects, referring them to BPF or other types based on any other criteria. For example, only the active part of the OS, which is involved in production (for example, machine tools), can be considered the BPF, and the plant management building may no longer be attributed to the BPF.

Accordingly, according to accounting data, the cost of the OPF can either correspond to the balance of account 01 “Fixed assets”, or be only a part of this indicator. In the latter case, analytical accounting information is used to allocate the share of fixed assets in the cost of fixed assets.

The average annual cost of OPF (OPF SG) can be calculated in various ways. The simplest - as the arithmetic mean of the OPF at the beginning (OPF N) and the end (OPF K) of the reporting year:

OPF SG = (OPF N + OPF K) / 2

In this case, both and can be used.

Taking into account that the cost of the OPF can change significantly during the year, a formula similar to that used to determine the average annual cost when calculating property tax can be used to smooth out possible jumps and more accurate averaging (