A medium sized bird with a yellow breast in winter. Birds of the Moscow region (photo and description): large predators and small birds. Great Spotted Woodpecker

The nature of the Ivanovo region is peculiar and unique in its own way, which is facilitated by the geographical location - the central part of European Russia. It is not for nothing that these lands have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with an amazing inimitable relief and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast, deep rivers and rich clean air all contribute to development tourism infrastructure... Especially attractive is the turbulent Lukh rivulet - a tributary of the Klyazma - a favorite place for tourists - kayakers.

The flora of the Ivanovo region

The nature of these places is surprisingly diverse. The flora is represented by different orders of flora representatives. On the way in the forest, you can see dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves, oak stands are replaced by pine forests. And also endless meadows in the floodplains of rivers. The richness of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species of them. In the swampy areas of the forest, cranberries grow in abundance. Closer to autumn, whole meadows of mushrooms are found throughout the forest.

Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the general landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberries, mountain ash, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, irga, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region; oak, linden, three types of birches, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. There are a lot of plants listed in the Red Book - these are lily of the valley, skirt, yart, raven eye, the whole family of bell-flowers, carnations, white and yellow water lilies. The most common berries are lingonberries, blueberries, gonoble, blueberries, drupes, and strawberries are represented by three types ...

Fauna of the Ivanovo region

The Klyazmensky nature reserve, which has federal status, is one of the most significant nature conservation objects in the Ivanovo region. It stretches across the territory of Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with a total area of 21000 km. Here you can often find a fox, hare, squirrel, marten, mink, river otter.

Many animals have been inhabited, including wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons - sisari, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, owls. Nesting birds are represented by the common gray crane, cuckoo, swift, swallows, nightingales, ducks. Their flying birds are ducks, geese, swans.

The favorable environment promotes the development of the species of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see a lizard, frog, toad, snakes and various snakes. Water world inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected butterfly species are ubiquitous throughout the region. These are Apollo and Swallowtail. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which favorably affects the pollination of plants and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 species of animals in this region are listed in the Red Book and are protected to the fullest extent of the law.

Climate in the Ivanovo region

The Ivanovo region is located in a temperate continental climatic zone, which determined its climate features. The summers are relatively warm here, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest is July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to - 12 degrees, and in summer - from + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. Annual precipitation is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while the freezing of the ground reaches 25-45 cm.

A large number of large and small birds live in the vicinity of Moscow. Although the proximity of a huge metropolis makes its own adjustments to their habitat, the forests, fields and swamps near Moscow are rightfully considered their home. Let's consider examples of their most famous types:

White stork

Our list of "Birds of the Moscow Region" opens with a beautiful and majestic white stork

A large bird with white plumage and a long powerful beak. A shiny black edging along the edge of the wings creates the illusion of a black back on a seated stork. In the cold season, it migrates to Africa and India. The bird prefers to nest near a person's dwelling on rooftops or poles.

Golden eagle

Other birds of prey of the Moscow region, photos and descriptions of which are presented here, cannot be compared with the Berkut. This representative of the order of hawks is very large in size. Its wings have a span of up to 2.5 meters. Rodents, hares, lambs or even small deer become the objects of his hunt.

Big bittern

A rare endangered bird species listed in the Red Data Book of the Moscow Region. Has a black and yellow variegated color. The bittern lives in swampy areas and feeds on small fish. The bird is of average size and weighs about 1 kilogram. A distinctive feature is a low trumpet voice, similar to a bull's roar.

Crow

This majestic large bird should not be confused with the common crow. Black plumage with a metallic sheen, powerful beak and large body size distinguish the crow from this ubiquitous human companion. Crows live up to 75 years.

Wood grouse

Capercaillie is another prominent representative of the list of "Birds of the Moscow Region"

A bird of the order of chickens, the size of a turkey. Females and males are very different, both in color and size. They fly very hard and noisily, without unnecessarily climbing high above the forest. The bird owes its name to the peculiarity of the structure of the larynx. During mating games, he makes bubbling sounds, at the moment of which he loses his hearing.

Rook

A close relative of the crow, but more slender. The black metallic color and the absence of feathering in front of the beak distinguishes the rook from her. It feeds on almost everything that it can do. Small rodents and human waste, worms and grain - everything to his taste.

Thrush

The thrush itself is rather faded, but it has bright accents in the form of an orange breast and beak.

When viewing the catalog, which lists the birds of the Moscow region, their photos and descriptions, it does not attract much attention. The nondescript brown-brown motley back color, white belly and rusty-red sides do not prevent him from making beautiful sounds, which can rightfully be called singing.

Little owl

A nocturnal bird, similar in appearance to an owl, but smaller in size. The owl's head is large with huge eyes surrounded by facial corollas. Above them there are black protrusions similar to eyebrows. There are no ears-like feathers. Owls often live in buildings next to people.

Yellow wagtail

The yellow wagtail weighs only 17 grams

A small bird weighing up to 17 grams. Has a color of yellow-green shades. Her long tail is always in motion. The wagtail can often be found near water bodies on tall stalks of grass. Belongs to the order Passeriformes.

Green woodpecker

A bird with a very beautiful olive green color. The size is comparable to a jackdaw. Inhabits deciduous forests. He is very shy, so it is a great success to meet him. Like all woodpeckers, it feeds on small bugs, which it finds in rotten trees and stumps.

Kingfisher

This small bird has a very extraordinary appearance. A large head with a huge spear-shaped beak on a short body. Weak thin legs and short wings complete this whole picture. With all this, the kingfisher has a very bright plumage: its back and wings are blue, and the bottom of the body is yellow. The bird settles on the banks of reservoirs, as it hunts near the water.

Finch

When considering small birds of the Moscow region, the photo and description will be remembered by the fact that this songbird has a very bright color of feathers. His chest is reddish-brown, and the back is brownish-green. Due to this, it is clearly visible in nature.

Oriole

Possesses an elegant color of feathers of yellow and black. Starling-sized. Sings very beautifully, like a flute. However, it can occasionally make a terrible sound, like a cat stepped on its tail. The bird is fast and agile. Lives in forest thickets, flying in waves from branch to branch.

Mallard

This common waterfowl is the ancestor of the domestic duck. It has a body up to 60 centimeters long and weighs up to 1.5 kilograms. In the plumage, sexual dimorphism is observed, which consists in the presence of a green iridescent plumage of the head and a white collar in drakes. Mallard is a game bird, a favorite hunting object among hunters.

Kobchik

Belongs to the order Falconiformes. A kobchik is a mini falcon. The color is black, the males have brick-red "pants", while the females have red head and lower body. Like all representatives of falconifers, they are an excellent hunter. It is a predator that hunts for small rodents, swiftly grabbing them with tenacious claws from above.

Landrail

The body dimensions of the corncrake are from 20 to 22 centimeters. The body is elongated. The color of the feathers is gray or ocher-red. The beak is short. Likes to nest near swamps or in wet meadows. Winters in central Africa. This bird does not like to fly. In case of danger, he prefers to run away or fly close.

Merlin

Large representative of falconiformes with blunt wings. Has a light color, which can be either pure white or gray. Prefers northern regions, but in some winters it was found in the Moscow region. Small birds are the object of his hunting.

Mute swan

Pure white beautiful bird with an orange beak, equipped with a black outgrowth. Black legs are equipped with webbing for swimming. The swan flies and swims beautifully, but walks poorly on the ground. A swan can weigh up to 18 kilograms and a wingspan of 220 centimeters.

Coot

A duck-like game bird of black color with a white beak and a bald forehead, to which it owes its name. A relative of the corncrake. There are no membranes on the legs, but it moves well in the swamp and water. The beak is more like a chicken's. For this it is sometimes called "swamp chicken".

Burial ground

The Imperial Eagle is a very large bird of prey. In Central Asia, he builds nests on ancient burial mounds. For this, he received such a terrible name. It can hover high in the air for hours, tracking down prey. Perfectly runs on the ground in the morning, waiting for warm air currents for flight.

Moskovka

A bird of the titmouse family. Slightly smaller than a common tit and differs from it in plumage color. Black head and wings in a composition with a white belly. He prefers to live in coniferous forests, but often flies to parks, eat from feeders.

Common cuckoo

A gray bird the size of a magpie. Has a long tail. In the first half of summer, it publishes characteristic "ku-ku" sounds. The peculiarity of this species is that females do not incubate chicks, but "throw" eggs to other birds.

Common bullfinch

A very bright representative of the feathered family. The bright red breasts of bullfinches are very visible in winter on the white snow. They feed on fruits and berries remaining on trees. The size of a bullfinch is no larger than a starling.

Black-headed gull is much smaller than sea gull

It is ubiquitous on the territory of our country. It has white plumage with a black head. It feeds on fish. Breeds near freshwater bodies of water. The size of this gull is much smaller than that of its marine relative.

White-tailed eagle

A large representative of the hawk, which reaches a mass of 7 kilograms. Males are much smaller than females. The bird is brown in color, with the exception of the white plumage of the tail. This type is characterized by consistency in the choice of a pair.

Grouse

The forest bird is a relative of the domestic chicken. It has brown plumage with a gray belly. Males have bright red eyebrows and a tufted head.

Waxwing

Very beautiful winter birds. They have bright plumage with red, yellow and brick-colored elements. The head is decorated with a gorgeous crest. You can often see them on mountain ash when they eat berries left over for the winter.

Hoodie

Doesn't need any special introduction. The bird settles next to the person. It feeds on its waste.

Jay

The jay is the hardest working bird to worry about winter supplies in advance.

Studying the birds of the Moscow region, the photo and description should also be taken into account, since this is the most hardworking bird that prepares its reserves for the winter.

Nightingale

King of the song. With a small size, it has an exceptionally beautiful voice. No wonder there is a comparison "sings like a nightingale."

Fauna of Moscow

Moscow, like any large city, has its own fauna of birds, just as it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds by species composition, number certain types and their distribution over urban habitats, of course, is somewhat similar to the fauna of other European cities, which are similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.

White-backed woodpecker

White-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is of medium size, slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker (body weight 105-112 g for males, 105-106 g for females).

Upper neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head ("cheeks"), black; the sides of the neck, lower back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and outer tail feathers are white; the forehead is light cream; the bottom of the neck, chest, sides of the body are pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; bottom of belly, undertail red or pink.

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is slightly larger than the starling (body weight 70-96 g for males, 70-97 g for females). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, upper tail, tail are black, the same color is the stripe from the beak to the back of the head, bounding the white cheeks; forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.

In some individuals, the outer tail pair is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, and the whole top of the head is red in young birds. Voice - sharp "kick-kick" or loud squealing. In spring, birds emit a kind of "drum roll" with quick blows of their beaks against dry twigs and tops of trees.

Green woodpecker

Green woodpecker (Picus viridis), a bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). His back is bright green, the upper tail is golden yellow, the wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, the forehead and “mustache” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish off-white; voice - a loud cry "peck-peck-peck."

It is a rare nomadic, partially sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near edges and clearings.

Lesser spotted woodpecker

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdro-copos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on wings and on lateral tail feathers, underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - a loud continuous "ki-ki-ki-ki-ki".

It is a rare, in places common sedentary, partially nomadic species of mainly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. In nesting time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.

Hoodie

The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with a contrasting color. The head, throat, goiter, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, the back and belly are dirty gray, the legs and beak are black. Calm flight is heavy, with uniform flaps of wide wings.

In autumn and winter, crows often hover in flocks in updrafts, single and group games in the air are common, when birds make sharp turns, falls and takeoffs.

The general avifaunistic list of the Ivanovo region is 238 bird species of different residence status.

In 11 surveyed model areas, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which make up 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model areas (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species are included in three orders: falconiformes (21.43%), charadriiformes (21.43%), passerine (11.43%).
Representatives of these detachments experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: a detachment of falconids due to their territorial needs and direct pursuit, and a detachment of charadriiformes - due to direct pursuit and a small number of habitable biotopes. Representatives of the Passeriformes order more successfully adapt to anthropogenic influences (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic impact, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in terms of the number of species, which led to their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with a relatively stable abundance, vulnerable species in need of control over their condition, are found in all hospitals, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Dispersing and endangered species are found only at some stations. The settling species are noted mainly in those territories where the species are endangered. This indicates that the dispersal of species follows paths that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered species and species that are decreasing in numbers are recorded in the territories that have been least transformed by humans and, at the same time, have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and poorly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
Moreover, most often they choose the territory that has been least transformed by humans and has the highest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose the territories most similar to natural biotopes and also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat quarries, etc.).

List of rare bird species noted in the model areas

Endangered species
Black throated loon
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Grey goose
Serpentine
Osprey
Peregrine falcon
White-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Great Spotted Eagle
Owl

Declining species
Derbnik
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
Green woodpecker
Big curlew
Wood lark
Great snipe
Gray shrike

Species with relatively stable numbers
Red-necked toadstool
Little gull
Sviyaz
White-winged tern
Gogol
Long-tailed owl
Meadow harrier
Kingfisher
Gray crane
Gray-headed woodpecker
Great shawl
White-backed woodpecker
Turukhtan
Three-toed woodpecker
Guardsman
Nutcracker
Morodunka
Blue tit

Species with undefined status requiring additional information
Gray-faced toadstool
Wasp eater
Field harrier
Garshnep

Species on the border of the range
Big merganser
Deaf cuckoo
Burial ground
Hoopoe
Golden plover
Middle woodpecker
Fifi
Yurok
Great gray owl
Garden bunting
Dispersing species
Great egret
Ringed dove
Herring gull

Vulnerable species that need to be monitored
Black-necked toadstool
Big snail
Big bittern
Sparrow owl
Black kite
Upland Owl
Common kestrel
Nightjar
Wood grouse
Meadow horse
Landrail
Common cricket
Herbalist

The current state of rare bird species

Eastern Upper Volga. In the course of the work, 16 bird species included in the Red Book were registered Russian Federation... Globally threatened species (great spotted eagle, burial ground, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 stations: Klyazminsky reserve (2 species), r. Lukh (3 species), Morkush reservoir (2 species), r. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly testifies to their significant conservation value. However, at present, only the Klyazminsky reserve has an official status of a specially protected natural area.
At stations 1 (Klyazminsky nature reserve), 2 (Lukh river), 3 (Balakhninskaya lowland), the largest number of rare species belonging to different rarity groups was recorded.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. The method of using types of indicators was used by us in identifying and substantiating new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the natural park V “YuzhskyV”.
Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the IBRA of international rank B “Poyma r. Luh from s. Myt to the village. Mugreevo-NikolskoeV ". The identification of the IBA and the determination of its boundaries was carried out in the course of research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of project B "Key Bird Areas of Russia". When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements in such a way that the individual territories of the indicator species (osprey, great spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic species-indicator of valuable floodplain landscapes experiencing insignificant anthropogenic load, characterized by a high level of landscape and faunistic diversity and stable over time, is the great spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 breeding territories of this species have been identified.
Of the species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, the territory of the proposed Lukh ornithological reserve is inhabited by: osprey, white-tailed eagle, great spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, eagle owl, blue tit, Russian desman.
Natural park V "YuzhskyV" is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhninskaya lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species were found in this area: black stork, snake eagle, golden eagle, gray crane and eagle owl. Of the species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, in the territory of the proposed natural park "YuzhskyV" live: black stork, snake eagle, great curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, blue tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was recorded once (May 10, 2001).

1. At least 70 rare bird species live and breed on the territory of the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. As indicators of high faunistic diversity when identifying valuable territories, such bird species as black stork, osprey, spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, snake eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, eagle owl can be used.
3. Biological and ecological characteristics of bird species suggested as indicators of faunistic diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are well visible, sensitive to changes in the environment, when feeding and nesting are found in the overwhelming majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region; the time interval between the change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of types of indicators when observing from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights, marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas should fully include their individual territories.

Reports REPORTS

Large Raptors of the Ivanovo District

LARGE FEATHERED PREDATORS OF THE IVANOVO REGION

Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo, Russia)

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, 153004, Russia, Ivanovo, Lenin Ave., 136 [email protected]

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, Lenina av., 136, Ivanovo, Russia, 153004 [email protected]

The present-day data on 10 species of rare large birds of prey in the Ivanovo region are presented. An increase in nesting numbers was noted in the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (number of 20-25 pairs), snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), great spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) (up to 20 pairs), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs) and Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). A decrease in numbers (from 10-15 pairs) is expected in the owl (Bubo bubo) after the 2010 fires. For the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos), single nesting pairs are known. Regular sightings during the nesting period were recorded for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Solitary dwarf eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) with no signs of nesting are occasionally seen.

Key words: Ivanovo region, birds of prey, birds of prey, status. Received: 06.10.2013 Accepted: 10.11.2013

The article presents the current data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo district. Increase the number of breeding pairs is observed for the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (20-25 pairs), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (about 20 pairs), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs), Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). Decline (from 10-15 pairs) expected for the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) after fires in 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) are known single breeding pairs ... Regular meetings in the nesting period are marked for the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally single Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed. Keywords: Ivanovo, birds of prey, raptors, population status. Received: 06/10/2013. Accepted: 10/11/2013.

Introduction

The territory of the Ivanovo region is located in the center of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, on the border of the subzones of the southern taiga and mixed forests. The central part of the region is agricultural, however, significant areas of farmland have been taken out of economic use, and the fields are at different stages of overgrowth. Forestry is more developed on the northern and southern outskirts of the region. The southeastern part (Balakhninskaya lowland) in 2010 was subjected to significant pyrogenic effects during catastrophic wildfires. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network; the Gorky reservoir is located on the northern and eastern borders. Thus, the territory of the Ivanovo region is highly mosaic, the peripheral areas experience a moderate anthropogenic impact - all this together determines the conditions for the habitation of rare bird species, including large feathered predators.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). There has been an increase in the number of the species along the coasts of the Gorky water reservoir, the Klyaz "ma river and its tributaries; new habitats are appearing, with the total of 20-25 breeding pairs observed in the area.

Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).

The number has slightly increased, reaching 5-7 pairs. The main habitat is Balakhnins-kaya depression.

Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).

Single birds are occasionally observed with no signs of nesting.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clan-ga). A slight increase in the number of the species is currently observed in the flood basin of the Kliazma and the Luh rivers. Up to 20 pairs are nesting in the region.

Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina).

The nesting of 3-5 pairs is currently known

The directed study of birds of prey in the region has been carried out since the 80s. XX century. During this time, a wealth of material has been accumulated on the population, abundance and its dynamics, distribution, features of the ecology of birds of prey, large territories have been surveyed, more than 40 key bird areas (IBA) have been identified, 7 of which are of international importance (Melnikov et al., 2013). Monitoring studies are carried out at the most significant IBRAs. The current state of large birds of prey on the territory of the Ivanovo region is characterized in the form of the species-specific sketches given below.

results

Osprey (Pаndion haliaetus) - listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Very rare breeding species. Osprey nesting has been known on the territory of the Ivanovo Region since the early 90s. XX century.

In the survey "Birds of the Ivanovo Region" (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), the osprey is positioned as a rare migratory and very rare breeding species. Since 1991, a nest has been known in the Sokolsky district (now the Nizhny Novgorod region); in total, at least 3 pairs were supposed to nest in the Sokolsky district by 2000, nesting in other areas was considered unlikely.

Our research in the 90s. supplement these data with finds of new osprey habitats (Melnikov, Barinov, Roma-

Rice. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district.

Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj Photo by V. Melnikov.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj.

Photo by V. Melnikov.

in the region. The habitation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the Ivanovo district is the easternmost of all the known for the species.

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos).

Single pairs are known to inhabit the Ivanovo district in the valley of the Luh river, at the Gorky water reservoir. The territorial pair was observed in the Bal-akhninskaya depression. However, the pair is it not reported to be seen after the fires in 2010.

White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). The number of the species is gradually recovered with these birds observed on the Gorky water reservoir and its spurs, on the Kliazma and the Luh rivers as well as on Morkushskiy and Uvod "sky Dams - 5-7 pairs of eagles in total.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Regular encounters of the species during the breeding period suggest nesting of a few individual pairs.

Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). The number of the species in the Ivanovo district was estimated as 10-15 pairs in total. Five breeding areas were identified in Balakhninkaya depression, however the species is not observed after the fire in 2010.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). The

number of the species has slightly increased accounting for the total of 50 pairs of the species in the area.

nova, 2000). In the lower reaches of the river. The Nodoga Osprey has been observed annually since 1990, since 1999 2 pairs have been recorded, broods have been observed many times. Also, 2 pairs of ospreys were recorded on the Nemdinsky spur of the Gorkovsky Reservoir., An osprey was noted on the Markushsky Reservoir, Lake Podozerskoe, on the river Klyazma within the Klyazminsky nature reserve. By the end of the XX century. we estimated the number of osprey in the modern territory of the region up to 10 pairs.

In the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2007), we indicate new habitats of the osprey discovered by that time - Uvodsky Reservoir, r. Lukh (on 2 sites), Andronikhovskaya floodplain of the Gorkovsky reservoir, Balakhninskaya lowland.

In the collection “Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials for maintaining the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region ”(Melnikov, 2012), in addition to the above, we provide new habitats: the lower reaches of the river. Yolanat, the coast of the channel part of the Gorky Reservoir. - within the Ivanovo region

Rice. 2. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin.

6-7 pairs. An increase in the number is observed in the lower reaches of the Zhelvaty and Nodogi rivers (5-6 pairs), in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (2-3 pairs), in the Klyazminsky reserve (2 pairs).

Thus, the current estimate of the osprey population in the Ivanovo region is 20-25 breeding pairs. With a tolerant attitude of humans to birds of prey, a further increase in the number of this rare species is possible. However, the active development of the shores of the reservoirs suitable for habitat, which has begun, may become a factor limiting its distribution.

The snake-eagle (Circaetus gaШcus) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Buslaev S.V. in the 80s. observed a snake-eagle during the nesting period in the Kineshsky district on the bank of the river. Zhelvat and in the Klyazminsky reserve (Gersimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At the turn of the century, we observed the serpentine in the same territories (Melnikov, Barinov Romanova, 2000). In the last decade, the records of the serpentine in the interfluve of the Zhelvaty and Nodogi rivers, as well as in the Klyazminsky reserve were quite regular (our data; Slashchinina, 2012).

On the territory of the northern part of the Balakhna lowland, snake eagles are observed annually; here, within the Ivanovo region, 4 regularly occupied nesting territories were identified, and in the adjacent territories of the Nizhgorod and Vladimir regions, 2 more pairs (Baka and Kiseleva, 2001; Voloshina 2005). After the catastrophic fires of 2010, the abundance of the snake eagle at the station remains the same, but there is some displacement of the nesting sites, which are located on the periphery of the cleared burnt areas (Shmeleva, 2013). Registrations of the serpentine during the nesting period are also known in the middle reaches of the river. Lukh and in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoye (Chudnenko et al., 2012).

Thus, the number of snake eater

Rice. 3. Encounters of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 4. Distribution of a large polorlik (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 4. Distribution of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 5. Distribution of the small polorlik (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo district.

on the territory of the Ivanovo region has slightly increased and reaches 5-7 pairs. The key habitat is the Balakhna lowland and the adjacent valleys of the Klyazma and Lukh rivers.

The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) is a very rare, possibly nesting species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). Solitary birds with no signs of nesting are occasionally observed. In particular, sightings of a dwarf during the nesting period are known on the territory of the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (the coast of the Gorky Reservoir), the Balakhninskaya lowland, the Klyazminsky reserve (S.V. Romanova, personal communication; Slashchinina, 2012), the village of Shumilovo, Teikovsky district (V. T. But'ev, personal communication).

Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) -

very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species.

In the Ivanovo region, it is known about the breeding of great spotted eagles in the 40-50s in the northwestern part of the Volga and Komsomolsky districts (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Within the region, Greater Spotted Eagles are observed nesting in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Luh, in the floodplain of the Klyazma, in the swampy forests on the border of the Gavrilovo-Posad region and the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region, in the Komsomolsk region, in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (Gorkovskoe reservoir). The complex of floodplain landscapes of the r. The Klyazma and its tributaries are one of the most important nuclei of the population of this species in Europe. In particular, in the floodplain of the middle course of the river. Luh is known for 6 nesting territories, in the Klyazma floodplain within the Ivanovo region - 4-5 nesting territories, a nesting site regularly occupied by spotted eagles is also known in the interfluve of Klyazma and Lukh. In total, 8-12 pairs of great spotted eagles nest in the Klyazminsko-Lukhskaya group annually, and up to 20 pairs throughout the region.

Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomлrinл) -

very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. V

Rice. 6. Distribution of the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 6. Distribution of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 7. Distribution of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 7. Distribution of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 8. Meetings of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 8. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo district.

On the territory of the region, nesting of 3-5 pairs is known. In particular, nesting of 2-3 pairs is known in the Klyazminsky nature reserve (Melnikov, 2004; Slashchinina, 2012); during the nesting period, lesser spotted eagles were noted in the area of Lake Shadrino (middle course of the Lukh River), in the north of the Gavrilovo-Posad region, in the Volga region (Kalinin A.A., personal communication). A single successful nesting of the Lesser Spotted Eagle was noted in the vicinity of Ivanovo, in a forest belt near the fields of the IGSKhA educational farm in 2007 (Melnikov, 2012). The settlements of lesser spotted eagles in the Ivanovo region are the most eastern ones identified at the moment. At the same time, hybridization of the species with the great spotted eagle is known (Melnikov et al., 2008).

Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species.

On the territory of the Ivanovo region, single pairs live - territorial birds were noted in the valley of the river. Lukh, a couple with a chick - at the Gorky Reservoir. The territorial pair, which was observed for a number of years in the Balakhninskaya lowland, has not been recorded after the 2010 fires (Shmeleva, 2013).

White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus

albicilla) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. In the Ivanovo region, it is now regularly observed on the Gorky reservoir and its spurs - in the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga, Zhelvata, Nemda, and was also noted during the nesting period in the Morkushsky reservoir, on the river. Luh, r. Klyazma, in the Balakhninskaya lowland, on the Uvodsky reservoir. In 2012, a residential nest was found in the western part of the Klyazminsky nature reserve, on the border with the Vladimir region. Since 2010, the living nest of the eagle on the river. Klyazma in the area of the pier im. February 8 watching D. Malakhov

Rice. 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 10. Identified nesting sites of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 10. Distribution of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo district.

(private message). In 2013 r. here we have repeatedly observed a pair of adult eagles carrying food towards the nest. In total, at least 5-7 pairs of eagles nest in the region.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a very rare, possibly nesting species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). In the Ivanovo region at the beginning of the XX century. peregrine falcon nested in the center of r. Ivanovo, on the old bell tower, until the birds were shot at the numerous requests of pigeon breeders (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Until the mid 50s. last century sapa

we nested in the town of Gavrilov Posad (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At present, migratory birds are occasionally recorded, including in the cities of Ivanovo, Shuya. A wounded peregrine falcon was found in the Teikovsky district and taken to the Ivanovsky zoo (Melnikov et al., 2000). During the nesting period, the peregrine falcon was recorded on the territory of the Klyazminsky reserve, in the valley of the river. Lukh, on the Gorkovskoe reservoir, at the peat extraction sites of the Teykovsky and Pestyakovsky regions (Krasnaya kniga of the Ivanovo region, 2007), in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (Gorkovskoe reservoir), at the peat extraction sites Bolshoye Boloto. Regular meetings during the nesting period suggest nesting of single pairs.

Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Very rare meetings in the central part of the region (v. Tserkovnovo), was recorded in the north of the region - at the village. Reshma, in the Zavolzhsky region near the village of Posulovo, in the valley of the river. Nodoga (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Mating vocalization was observed in the middle reaches of the river. Luh. There is unverified data on the sightings of the owl in the west of the region, in the vicinity of the Markush reservoir.

The most significant habitat of the owl in the Ivanovo region is the Balakhninskaya lowland. Five nesting territories were identified here, mating vocalizations were recorded annually, broods, remnants of prey, and a flutter were repeatedly noted. But after the fires of 2010, the species does not occur there (Shmeleva, 2013). In total, 10-15 pairs are expected to nest on the territory of the Ivanovo region, probably the number in last years decreased.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa)

It is included in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region with category 3 - a species with a low abundance and sporadic distribution over large territories. Rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, during the nesting period, it was recorded in the Zavolzhsky region (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), near the village of Degtyarevo, in the Klyazminsky reserve. Nesting was observed in Za-

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.

Teikhinsky nature reserve (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), in the middle reaches (M.V.Sheptukhovsky, personal communication) and the lower reaches of the Teza (Melnikov et al., 2005), in the Balakhninskaya lowland (Melnikov et al., 2009). In August 2013, a brood of a Great Gray Owl (2 chicks) was photographed with a camera trap at a feeding area for elk in the Lobtsovsky protection area, Leninskaya Dacha tract, Gavrilovo-Posad district "2.

The number has slightly increased, the total number of the species in the region is estimated at 50 pairs. Unfortunately, in the Red Data Book of Ivanovo Oblast (2007), as a result of a technical error, the section “abundance” in the essay for the Great Owl was coiled up from another species, therefore the population density and the total abundance of the species in the region indicated there is overestimated by an order of magnitude.

A site in the Balakhninskaya lowland near the lake. Tonki, on which the nest was located, which has been known for a number of years, was burned by a fire in 2010 and was cut down in 2012. After the fires, the Great Gray Owl was not recorded in this area (Shmeleva, 2013).

Literature

Bakka S. V., Kiseleva N. Yu. Key bird areas of the Nizhny Novgorod region. - Inventory, monitoring and protection of key bird areas in Russia. Issue 3.M., 2001.S. 98-110.

Voloshina O.N. Observations of the snake-eater in the Vladimir region. - Ornithology. Issue 32. M., 2005.S. 117-119.

Gerasimov Yu.N., Salnikov G.M., Buslaev S.V. Birds of the Ivanovo region. M., 2000.125 p.

Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. Volume 1. Animals / Ed. Isaev V.A .; comp .: Egorov S.V., Tikhomirov A.M., Barinov S.N., Lazareva O.G. et al. Ivanovo: IPK "PressSto", 2007. 236 p.

Melnikov V.N. New habitats of birds listed in the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. - Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials for maintaining the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. Ivanovo, 2012.S. 69-70.

Melnikov V.N., Barinov S.N., Romanova S.V. Rare species of birds of prey in Ivanovo region

sti. - Materials of the working meeting "Rare species of birds of prey in the north of the forest zone of the European part of Russia: prospects for study and ways of protection." Cherepovets, September 11-14, 2000 Cherepovets, 2000.S. 17-19.

Melnikov V.N., Buslaev S.V., Chulnenko D.E., Kiselev R.Yu. Notes on the population of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia. M., 2005.S. 155-158.

Melnikov V.N., Dmigrenok M.A., Ivanov M.N., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiseleva S.V., Dombrovsky V.Ch. Results of the 2005 expedition to study spotted eagles European Center Russia. - Study and protection of the Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles in Northern Eurasia. Materials of the V International Conference on Birds of Prey of Northern Eurasia. Ivanovo, February 4-7, 2008 Ivanovo, 2008.S. 191-194.

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Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of falconids on the territory of the Klyazminsky republican reserve (Ivanovo region). - Birds of prey in the dynamic environment of the third millennium: state and prospects. Proceedings VI International conference on falcon and owls of Northern Eurasia. Kryvyi Rih, September 27-30, 2012 Kryvyi Rih, 2012.S. 234-237.

Chulnenko D.E., Melnikov V.N., Lazareva O.G., Shmeleva G.P., Grilneva V.V., Kiseleva S.V. Characteristics of the avifauna in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoye (Teykovsky district, Ivanovo region). - Actual problems of studying and preserving the biodiversity of the Upper Volga region. Interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Department of General Biology and Botany of the Botanical Garden of Ivanovo State University. Ivanovo, 2012.S. 90-99.

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