Farming: where to start and how to succeed. Business plan crop production - greenhouse farming

For those people who have their own plot of land outside the city, it can be proposed to organize crop production as a business. Its profitability is quite high, and the feedback from entrepreneurs suggests that this one is not at all difficult.

True, first you need to understand the features of growing a particular crop, decide what exactly you will do, and draw up a competent business plan. Only with such an approach can one count on the successful implementation of the project.

Advantages and disadvantages

The following are the advantages of running a small business in the field of crop production:

• Many of the crops of flowers, vegetables, mushrooms and even berries can be grown all year round in modern greenhouses.
• Thanks to technology, automated lines and special machines, manual labor is becoming easier and requires less and less of your effort.
• There is a constant demand for products of this kind, and if you sell seasonal vegetables, for example, at an unusual time for them, then the cost of such a product will be much higher, which will bring high profits.
• Due to the Internet, it is possible to significantly expand the circle of buyers and deliver goods to different cities of Russia or even abroad.
• The availability of any technical and scientific information in the field of crop production reveals the secrets of cultivation even to an inexperienced entrepreneur.

True, this business also has disadvantages:

1. For some varieties of plants, large areas under crops and special equipment will be required, which will entail large initial investments.
2. Such a product quickly deteriorates and loses its attractive appearance, so you need to establish permanent distribution channels.
3. In most cases, even when growing unpretentious plants, certain experience and theoretical knowledge are desirable. Always take into account the characteristics and needs of the selected crops, observe the optimal conditions for their growth and storage.
4. Imported suppliers of such products are a significant competitor, as they offer high quality goods at low prices.

To reduce the risks and initial costs of a business, it is desirable to have at your disposal a piece of land and a little experience in a similar direction.

Paperwork

Noteworthy for start-up entrepreneurs in the field of crop production will be the laws of the Russian Federation, according to which it is enough for you to register as a private household plot, that is, a personal subsidiary farm. This immediately opens up a number of perspectives:

• the first time you do not have to pay taxes;
• the state provides various benefits;
• minimum requirements for the organization of the case;
• availability of land for rent for a long time without participation in specialized auctions;
• seed subsidies;
• favorable interest on bank loans and other guarantees.

The design process will take little time and the main forces will be spent only on the implementation of the idea itself.

Here you can download for free as a sample.

Choice of culture

Before you buy seeds, sprouts, tubers or seedlings, you need to decide what exactly you are going to grow. In doing so, you should focus on the following criteria:

1. The climatic zone and the band of the region of residence. Stop at those options that grow well in this particular place, do not experiment with rare and exotic plants.
2. Take into account your experience or the skills and knowledge of those people to whom you entrust the entire technological process. There is not enough theoretical training here, since some characteristics and features of plants in practice look a little different.
3. The volume of available space, the ability to install one or another greenhouse. So, for wheat, a large field is required, and for growing violets, only a properly equipped attic is enough.
4. Focus on the main demand in the market, as well as the level of competition in the region. Perhaps some niches in the immediate area are already fully occupied, while others are completely free and are still in demand.
5. Remember the timing of growth and maturation of each of the plants. Some of them go from seed to marketable product in a few months or weeks, while others will take years for the first harvest. All this will be reflected in the financial plan.
6. The whimsicality of plants and the complexity of their cultivation. It is worth taking on certain varieties of crops only if you have extensive experience and the ability to achieve some certain conditions, otherwise you will doom yourself to large losses.

flower business

By organizing greenhouses and greenhouses, you can make good money selling any flowers - violets, roses, tulips, whatever. They are always in demand in the market and the goods are sold all year round. Demand increases before various holidays.

A nice feature is that you will need small areas of land or premises that one person can take care of. Therefore, there is no need to hire additional staff.

You can sell flowers not only in the nearest city, but also on the Internet. In convenient special containers, they will be delivered by any postal agency to various cities of the country. It is even easier to arrange the sale of goods - to open a flower shop. Especially since you can focus on several varieties at once and gradually expand the range of products.

True, this business has its drawbacks:

• initial investments for the arrangement of greenhouses;
• with the help of special lighting and heating, it is necessary to maintain optimal conditions for their growth;
• quickly lose their marketability.

If we talk about the financial component, then the figures look approximately as follows.

The profitability of this direction does not fall below 70%, and under favorable circumstances it reaches 300%, which makes this business a profitable investment.

cucumbers

Such a vegetable is especially loved by all segments of the population of our country. It is added to salads, marinated, salted and simply eaten as a separate product. For an entrepreneur, it is an unpretentious vegetable that can be easily grown in simple greenhouses and has a high yield in any latitude.

If you ensure that there are no unnecessary pesticides, chemicals in it, then the demand for fresh, environmentally friendly and healthy products will be very high. And their cost in the winter will cover any initial investment in greenhouse equipment.

But remember that in this case you will need to hire a specialist technologist and a few simple workers. The first will monitor the correctness of planting, control growing conditions, etc. And the latter are needed for timely harvesting.

With the cost of acquiring a small plot of land (for example, 500 sq. M.), arranging greenhouses and heating them, you can achieve about 2,000,000 rubles of profit in the first year. Such indicators are very attractive despite the simplicity of organizing a business.

Greens

A special place is occupied by various greens. It can be parsley, dill, basil and other herbs. They are added to dishes almost all year round. Thrifty housewives dry summer supplies and use them in this form in winter. But it is much more pleasant to buy fresh dill on the shelves in the store, which will give the food a rich hue.

Greens are also considered unpretentious and easy to grow, especially since they require much smaller areas and physical strength to harvest. But here you need to pay attention to established permanent distribution channels, since in large cities this niche is occupied by foreign suppliers.

The costs look like this.

With one such greenhouse, you can make a profit of about 500,000 rubles per year. Profitability is not less than 40%, and if it is established on a permanent basis, after 5 months you can reach full payback and expand production volumes.

Mushrooms

In artificial conditions, oyster mushrooms and champignons grow well. They are used to prepare hundreds of dishes. The main advantage is:

1. The complete safety of such mushrooms in comparison with cases of poisoning when collecting forest varieties.
2. A person does not have to go far for them - today not everyone has time to get out into nature, it is much more convenient to buy your favorite product in the store.
3. High yields and unpretentiousness enable the entrepreneur to engage in a profitable business with almost no effort on his part.

True, in this case, you will first have to understand the technology of their cultivation, the features of creating the required conditions and equip the room properly. Until you gain some experience, the first batches of the harvest can be disappointing. But after overcoming difficulties, a stable income is provided.

To grow mushrooms, you will need a suitable room, even a basement is suitable, in which you will have to install an irrigation system and maintain the temperature at the right level. It is especially important to take care of creating a suitable microclimate for the selected variety. Acquired substrate and mycelium. With some effort and compliance with all norms, high yields are achieved in a short period.

Agribusiness

Not included in the list of simple and low-cost projects, but deserves attention. If there is a large initial investment, then by purchasing enough land in a suitable area, it is possible to establish an annual cultivation and marketing of wheat or other similar products.

The advantage of the business is that the demand for such a product never falls. Any cereals, cereals, bakery products, feed, the basis for processed semi-finished products - all this requires large batches of grains. By choosing the right crops and setting up sales, you can achieve very high profits in a few years.

Potato

This is the most popular product on the tables of our compatriots and it is worth making money on it. It is grown in large volumes, which will require a suitable sown area. Of the special care conditions, only the establishment of watering the land and the fight against the Colorado potato beetle are distinguished. Everything else is a matter of automated technology.

Average spending figures:

The advantage of this culture is that it does not have to be sold immediately. You have a lot of time to sell the goods, as they are subject to relatively long storage. But for this you will also have to equip a suitable warehouse.

whimsical cultures

With some experience and a correct assessment of the existing risks, you can try to grow other plants:

• - a rather demanding berry, for which you need not only to choose a suitable region, but also to guess with the weather conditions. When it is produced in a greenhouse, the profit from the sale is low, which is unlikely to cover your costs.
• Grapes - brings a good income to their owners, especially if you immediately organize a winery. But this is achievable only in conditions where there are acidic soils and a lot of sun. In other regions, the product will not be suitable.
• Orchards are quite profitable and profitable business. But they require high costs and a long wait for the first harvests. Also, for a stable profit, it is recommended to plant several varieties of trees at once, so that in the event of an unsuccessful year for some varieties, you can get income from other fruits. But this requires large areas.

It is possible that you will choose one of the cultures not listed. But the conditions for successful business remain the same. You need to understand what is required to grow a particular plant, provide them with optimal conditions and think over in advance the distribution channels for products.

Sale of goods

Depending on the chosen culture, a variety of places for their sale are suitable. So, it is convenient to deliver flowers to specialized stores. And if you grow seedlings for planting, you can cooperate with green farms, the administration of the nearest city and various institutions that decorate flower beds every year.

When growing food, it is enough to establish sales through shops and retail outlets, wholesale warehouses and markets, as well as supply them to catering establishments. If you are focusing on forage crops, then they will be a bargain for most nearby livestock farms.

Video: crop production, compliance with agricultural technologies.

Today, such a branch of the national economy as farming is well developed all over the world. Our distant ancestors were engaged in agriculture. In Russia, in recent years, fewer and fewer people are engaged in agriculture. Perhaps this is due to low income and high competition. Or maybe because small business is a fairly wide area of ​​​​entrepreneurship, perhaps there are more profitable areas. But despite all this, the demand for farm products has always been, is and will be. This is especially relevant at the present time in connection with scientific and technological progress, the production of genetically modified products. That is why agriculture is a rather profitable business.

The business plan for agriculture involves the cultivation of natural products. It can be meat, milk, honey, cereals, vegetables and fruits, berries, eggs, useful plants and much, much more. It is important that they are all natural, and therefore are of great value in the Russian market. In addition to food raw materials, it also includes animal breeding, the sale of wool, and so on. Let us consider in more detail an example of how to open subsidiary plots, that is, a plan for an agricultural enterprise.

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The main directions of agriculture

So, the main areas of farming are: crop production, including the cultivation of cereals, vegetables and fruits, berries, animal husbandry (breeding of cattle and small cattle, poultry, pig farming), beekeeping.

All of them are very profitable, you just need to properly organize the business plan of an agricultural enterprise. Of course, all of the above is an incomplete list. Let's take a closer look at an example of organizing your own business. First of all, in order to build a business plan for an agricultural enterprise, you need to choose the direction in which you will work. It can be a mini-farm, pig farms, a large farm (KFH) and so on. Then you must register with the tax office as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The first option is the most optimal, as you can save money.

After all this, you need to obtain permission from the relevant authorities: the fire inspection, the sanitary and epidemiological service and the territorial property management. If the business premises are rented, then the permission of the fire service is not needed, all responsibility rests with the landlord. Building a new farm is unprofitable, as there are many abandoned lands with land. The business plan of the enterprise also includes the purchase of the necessary equipment that is needed for any business.

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Purchase of equipment and layout

Let's give an example of how pig farms are equipped. Ready for work, they must have a complete set of equipment. This may require: space heating ovens, feed dispensers, individual or collective feeders, animal feeders, meat transporter, refrigeration equipment. Any, even mini-farms, require a clear organization of work. Equipment can be purchased in specialized stores, from private entrepreneurs or in neighboring farms. Pig farms are usually located in rural areas or outside the city. The layout of the premises must necessarily comply with regulatory requirements.

The area is calculated by the number of livestock. Mini-farms usually have a small number of livestock. The animal room must be equipped with beds for each animal. The microclimatic conditions of the farm are brought to optimal values. The productivity of animals, their growth and morbidity and, accordingly, the income of the owner will depend on all this. The plan includes the acquisition of the animals themselves. They can be bought at the market or at another pig farm. It is important that the individuals are from different hosts to avoid inbreeding, which can reduce the productivity of the animals.

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Costs and income for rural businesses

The cost of organizing a business will depend on the type of farm and its size. Example: for crop production, the most expensive will be the purchase of equipment for irrigation and harvesting, as well as the purchase of raw materials. For animal husbandry, most of the money will be spent on renting land and premises, buying equipment and fodder for livestock. For example, for a pig farm, you may need about 20-30 thousand dollars, depending on the number of pigs. An example of expenses is made for a small city. The poultry business is considered the most cost-effective. It does not require large equipment and huge areas, and the income from it can be very large.

Thus, we have given an example of how you can equip your own farm. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the farming business is very profitable and cost-effective. The main thing is to have initial capital. It is very important to choose a place for the future farm, to collect the necessary documents, otherwise such entrepreneurship will be considered illegal. Another important point is the purchase of animals, raw materials (grain for planting). When drawing up a business plan, it is necessary to take into account the costs that may be associated, for example, with the repair of equipment.

Agriculture is considered the most important branch of the economic complex of Russia. It not only produces food and produces raw materials for other industries, but also provides ample opportunities for the development of private business. The business plan for growing crops describes the basic steps and procedures for starting a crop farming enterprise. Its implementation will allow solving several important social tasks at once: to help meet the demand for crop products, create new jobs in rural areas, and contribute to replenishing the budget through taxes paid.

Market analysis

The basis of state policy in agricultural production is Federal Law No. 264-FZ, adopted in December 2006. This document puts into effect the State Program "Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2013-2020". In particular, it provides for a set of measures to increase the production and processing of crops, increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises (up to 15%), and increase the average monthly salary of agricultural workers to 25,490 rubles.

For entrepreneurs, the point on increasing the activity of the work of Rosselkhozbank OJSC to support peasant farms, consumer cooperatives and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the production of agricultural products on personal subsidiary farms is of great importance.

During its implementation, this program has significantly increased the financing of the industry by providing affordable loans for capital expenditures and the purchase of seed. By 2020, the task was set to carry out lending to agricultural enterprises in such a volume that will allow large-scale modernization of priority sub-sectors of agriculture and bring enterprises to a fundamentally new technical and technological level.

Over the past few years, the structure of sown areas for a number of crops has changed significantly in the country. An example of this is a significant increase in the sowing of buckwheat, soybeans, sunflower, and rapeseed. The share of barley and wheat crops was respectively: 140-260 thousand ha and 260-480 thousand ha. This fluctuation is explained by changes in market conditions and external factors, in particular, sanctions.

In accordance with these fluctuations, the structure of the crop also changed, which, according to analysts, will not undergo significant changes in the coming years. In the country, as before, about half of the harvest will be wheat, a quarter - barley, and another quarter - all other grain crops.

Based on such trends, the profitability of domestic agricultural producers experienced significant fluctuations both over the years and over the seasons. Such fluctuations are smoothed by the use of various strategies for the behavior of manufacturers in the market. One of the most common is the sale of manufactured products immediately after harvesting in conditions of a lack of own space to preserve products. Despite the fact that in such cases the cost of production will be minimal, it will allow enterprises to hold on and not incur losses.

Project Description

A business plan for growing grain crops with calculations aims to justify the creation of a profitable grain company, the main activity of which will be crop production. It is drawn up on the basis of the condition that the founder has already leased agricultural land with a total area of ​​800 hectares and has begun work on their introduction into agricultural circulation and the reclamation of another 400 hectares of land. This will require investments in the amount of 1.2 million rubles, aimed at the purchase of seeds, agricultural machinery, fuel and lubricants.

The implementation of the plan involves the introduction of uncultivated lands into circulation and the organization of crop production on them based on the use of 3-4-field crop rotations and low-cost soil protection technologies. These measures will make it possible to make a profit in the amount of at least 10 thousand rubles per 1 ha of arable land. In addition, 400 hectares of agricultural land will be put into circulation and 5 to 10 new jobs will be created in rural areas (depending on the season of work).

The created grain company will grow the following crops:

• Winter wheat.
• Winter rye.
• Barley.
• Sunflower.

A feature of the production of these agricultural crops is that it is seasonal in nature, and the costs of its organization are carried out all year round. In winter, machinery and equipment will be repaired and prepared for field work.

The technology of growing grain crops consists of several stages:

1. Soil harrowing (8-10 days) is carried out in late April - early May.
2. Spring sowing (10-15 days), work is carried out after harrowing in the 20th of May.
3. Post-sowing harrowing (15-18 days), late May - early June.
4. Herbicidal treatment of crops, late June - early July.
5. Harvesting (18-20 days), late August - early September.
6. Warehousing of products.

In the technological process, modern technologies for growing crops and effective fertilizers are widely used. They play a decisive role among all anthropogenic factors that affect the level of productivity.

Cost standards for the purchase of elite seeds:

The cost of equipping the enterprise

As the experience of agriculture in Russia shows, the low level of technical support in crop production is one of the main reasons for the decline in yields and the decrease in the quality of products. Equipment with high wear and tear inevitably entails an increase in the cost of maintaining it in working condition, which, in turn, also leads to a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural production. The company's strategy is built taking into account the need to provide it with modern equipment, effective fertilizers and elite seeds of grain crops.

To ensure high profitability of production, the company acquires the following models of agricultural machinery and equipment:

The capital cost plan for the project implementation also includes the cost of construction of production facilities, which will provide office space, staff recreation, repair shops and other production and technological facilities.

Staff

The created enterprise is focused on the formation of a permanent staff of highly qualified employees. For this, a loyalty program is being developed, the purpose of which is to increase the motivation of employees for highly productive work. The annual fluctuation in the number of seasonal workers over the years of project implementation can be 3-10 people.

Labor costs for full-time and seasonal workers for the first year of project implementation:

With such labor costs, the amount of social contributions will be 142,000 rubles per year. This table reflects the optimal number of seasonal workers for the first year of operation of the enterprise.

Financial plan

The financial part of this business plan presents calculations on the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the project. The data is based on industry averages at the end of 2016.

Capital Expenditure Plan

The implementation of this project is planned for 5 years. The distribution of expenses by years is as follows (in thousand rubles):

Plan for the volume of agricultural production (crop production) for the 1st year of the project:

Project implementation efficiency indicators by years (in rubles)

Risk assessment

Types of risks and measures to minimize them for business are presented in this table:

Eventually

As the calculations presented in this business plan show, the creation of a grain company is a profitable and promising line of business in rural areas. The production of grain and oilseeds, based on the use of advanced crop production technologies, is investment-attractive for the regions of central Russia.

This enterprise will be able to provide a 100% return on investment, subject to the application of the lowest possible prices for products sold. An increase in profitability is expected when consistently high yields are achieved. This stabilization is achieved through the use of science-based crop rotations in production, the implementation of comprehensive measures to improve soil fertility, and the use of high-quality breeding seed material in plantings.

With the constant use of resource-saving technologies for agricultural production in crop production, the project will pay off no later than 3 years from the date of opening the enterprise, while the annual increase in sales of products will be at least 10%.

The opening of modern farms is an alternative to the already existing large-scale collective farms in terms of supplying agricultural products to cities.

This article will discuss the nuances of doing such a business.

Business pros and cons

This activity as a branch of business occupies one of the leading positions among the types of entrepreneurial activity and has certain prospects in the future. This is due to specific benefits - they are associated with a widespread passion for healthy eating and eating only natural products, which creates an increased demand for them among all consumer groups: from mothers with babies to retirees.

It may seem to inexperienced entrepreneurs that opening a new farm is not only promising, but also more than simple. However, in practice, such an event is associated not only with the requirement to have experience in doing business in a similar area, but also with significant difficulties that may arise in the development of the economy.

In addition, this type of business is associated with some risks that may arise in the process of its development. These include:

• seasonality of activity;
• lack or instability of demand for products;
• high competition;
• decrease in income of potential consumers;
• increase in prices for the supply of raw materials and supplies;
• increase in the cost of renting large agricultural machinery.

Therefore, in order to reduce the likelihood of these risks, as well as the successful development of the business, it is necessary to draw up a business plan. It will gradually plan activities for opening the farm, list ways to reduce risks, as well as calculate and analyze the main economic indicators of the project - revenue, start-up capital and payback periods.

What do you need to open a farm?

When writing a business plan, the first step it is necessary to determine the direction of business development. Modern farms can operate in various directions, among which the following industries are most popular:

• Breeding of domestic animals and birds. In this case, the products of production can be not only meat and offal, but also wool, skin, feathers, eggs, milk, and so on.
• Cultivation of agricultural crops (cereals, technical, melons and others).
• Growing vegetables and fruits.
• Other activities, including beekeeping, fishing, mushroom cultivation, greenery cultivation and so on.

Most farms are created on the basis of existing households located in rural areas. This circumstance makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of initial investments for the arrangement of the farm, since initially such formations were built taking into account the chosen direction of development.

In addition, many households own (own or lease) land that has been developed for agricultural purposes. Newly established farms can use such land to grow crops or to develop pastures for livestock grazing.

When creating a farm, it must be registered, for which the legal form must be selected.

She is most often elected peasant farm (KFH). Its features are the absence of the need to form a legal entity, as well as the possibility of including all family members in the farm. At the same time, it is necessary to elect the head of the farm, which can be any person from the family who has reached the age of majority.

Next, it is necessary to resolve taxation issues, for which the peasant farm should be registered with the tax authorities. You should know that farms are paid single agricultural tax.

An individual entrepreneur - the head of a peasant farm must be registered with the Pension Fund, and also receive a letter from Rosstat on the assignment of statistics codes. In addition, the farm must have its own current account opened with the selected bank.

To open a farm, you need to have start-up capital. In this case, part of the funds can be taken on a loan basis from the bank. To do this, you must provide a well-written business plan with transparent tracking of financial flows. It is advisable to contact banks or private financial institutions focused on issuing loans specifically to agricultural-type organizations, since other banks simply may not understand the specifics of organizing activities set out in the business plan.

Some farms may apply for financial support for business from the state, but only farms whose activities are included in the agro-industrial complex development program can use such assistance.

Chicken breeding

Chicken meat is one of the most popular all over the world, not only due to its high taste characteristics, but also due to its lower cost compared to pork, beef and other types of meat. And the popularity of chicken eggs can not even be mentioned, since they are part of almost all modern dishes. That is why breeding chickens is a business that can bring a stable tangible income.

The most successful placement of such a business is the territory of a country house, preferably owned by an entrepreneur. When opening a chicken farm, you need to rely on the following key points for organizing this business:

1. Choice of bird breed. According to the modern classification, breeds of chickens are divided into egg (bred specifically for laying eggs), meat (grown for the purpose of obtaining meat) and meat-and-egg (bred for complex production of products).
   Choosing a specific breed, an entrepreneur should be guided by the presence of his own experience and goals. When choosing a specific breed, it is necessary to find out all the features of keeping birds, including indicators such as air temperature in the chicken coop and light levels.
2. Number of chickens kept on the farm. This indicator affects other conditions for organizing a business - the volume of purchases of feed, the number of farm workers, the size of the chicken coop, the area for walking, and so on.
3. Chicken coop equipment. It is naive to believe that a chicken farm involves the construction of only a chicken coop. In addition, it must be equipped with various equipment and installations - trays with food, drinkers, meters for air humidity, temperature, and so on.
4. Careful bird monitoring. Careful monitoring of appearance, plumage condition, shedding rate and beak pallor is required to prevent the risk of falling hens after acquisition.
5. bird walking. The place and time of walking chickens should be carefully thought out, while walking should be carried out mainly in the warm season and daylight hours. Since chickens look for food during the walk, it must be provided in the form of worms, compound feed and corn.

The estimated payback period for such a business is about 8 months, which characterizes the direction as highly profitable.

Pig breeding

Raising pigs is one of the most profitable livestock business activities. In doing business in this area, special attention should be paid to the sale of breeding young animals. In order for the initial investment to pay off, it is necessary to sell 2-3 generations of animals. The choice of feeding method for pigs (dry or liquid) depends on the preferences of the breeder.

The conditions of the premises in which the animals will be kept also affect their healthy development. Building a building from scratch is quite costly and unprofitable for starting a new business. Therefore, it is recommended to find an empty farm with its subsequent rent or purchase. After that, repairs should be made in the room, all the required networks - ventilation, electricity and water supply - should be connected.

It should be remembered that the better the premises are equipped, and the entire process of raising animals is automated, the less it will be necessary to hire workers who monitor the keeping of pigs. However, such vacancies as livestock specialist, veterinarian, manager-administrator and accountant simply cannot be dispensed with.

In this direction profitability is estimated at 25%, respectively, the initial investment can pay off in about 4-5 years.

Sheep breeding

Developing a business related to sheep breeding has certain advantages. They are not only a stable income, but also a constant demand for farm products. At the same time, the products are not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep cheese.

The direction has the advantage that the business can be started literally with the acquisition of several heads, and in the future, as the farm develops and improves, the livestock can be increased.

It will be quite problematic to engage in sheep breeding within the city, so the vast majority of such farms are located in rural areas. It is also a plus that any room, even unheated, is suitable for keeping animals. It is necessary to acquire an area for walking sheep, taking into account the further increase in livestock.

Despite the fact that the profitability of the business associated with sheep breeding, is only 10-15%, with a competent approach to business and the preparation of a clearly structured business plan, the farm can pay off in 1-1.5 years.

Growing crops

Among the variety of activities, crops are rapidly gaining popularity. Moreover, not only traditional varieties (rye and wheat) are actively grown, but also modern crops bred with the help of selective selection.

According to the latest statistics, the volume of harvested grain is increasing every year, which characterizes this area of ​​agricultural business as quite promising. An important advantage is the significant support from the state, which largely solves the problem of finding start-up capital.

However, it can be difficult for a newly established farm to grow crops in a highly competitive environment. That is why it is required to draw up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features of this activity.

When planning a business, first of all, it is necessary to determine the specific crop that is supposed to be grown. Further, further planning of the entire technological process will be based on this choice, including such aspects as:

• features of soil cultivation;
• methods of sowing seeds;
• terms and technology of harvesting;
• types of fertilizers used;
• ways to protect plants from harmful insects and diseases, etc.

Subject to a well-written business plan, rational use of funds received from the state and full adherence to the planned plan in commercial activities, the grain growing business can pay off less than 18 months.

Growing vegetables / fruits

Opening an agricultural farm for growing vegetables or fruits is also one of the promising areas for business development due to the widespread craze for eating only natural products. And, since potential consumers do not fully trust the quality of agricultural products grown by state collective farms, the opening of private farms may well become a promising business that brings a stable income. Moreover, according to experts, prices for these products will only rise in the future, while demand will not only not decrease, but, possibly, increase.

Like any other direction of business development, this activity requires the preparation of a competent business plan that takes into account all the features and capabilities of the entrepreneur himself. First of all, the business plan should determine what kind of crop is supposed to be grown, taking into account the regional characteristics of the territory where the farm will be opened. That is, you need to decide which crops are suitable for growing in the climate of a particular region, and which are not.

Also, one of the two ways of growing vegetables / fruits must be chosen without fail, namely cultivation in greenhouses or in the open field. Methods should be chosen to protect the crop from the undesirable effects of insects and crop diseases.

It should be remembered that the automation of the growing process has a positive effect on the yield of the farm, thereby increasing the profitability of the business.

When opening a farm for growing vegetables or fruits, one should remember to obtain quality certificates for products, which has a positive effect on success in finding distribution channels and forming regular customers for products. With skillful business management, investments in opening a farm can pay off in less than a year.

Sales markets

Establishing stable marketing channels for grown products is essential for successful farming. To search for channels, an analysis of the situation on the local market for agricultural products must first be made. In the course of this analysis, the development of a business in a given region is assessed, the level of competition is determined and the level of demand for products is calculated.

At the same time, it is important to determine the direction of the search for distribution channels, they can be:

• Organizations working in the field of public catering - cafes, restaurants, canteens at factories and industrial enterprises, places of public catering at educational, office and other organizations.
• Organizations directly involved in the food industry - meat and bakery plants, enterprises for the production of pasta and cereals, organizations for the manufacture of confectionery products, etc.
• Trade enterprises of wholesale and retail type.

It should be remembered that one of the most important conditions for a successful search for marketing channels is the competitiveness of the farm products, as well as the appropriate level of quality at reasonable prices for it.

If the farm products meet the requirements, then it can also be sold by self-selling in food markets (both retail and wholesale).

Costs and payback periods

The amount of costs associated with the organization of a peasant farm depends largely on the initial conditions of the business. For example, if a peasant farm is created on the basis of an already existing household, then the size of the initial investment will be much less, since land and outbuildings will already be available.

Another situation develops if the farm is created from scratch. At the same time, the amount of start-up capital may also differ depending on the chosen direction of business development, the cost of renting a site, the price of acquiring animals or plants, and other things.

If we take the average figures, then in total it will take about 5-6 million rubles to open a peasant farm.

The payback of the business also depends on which direction of the farm was chosen. For example, if the farm is planned to be developed in the field of pig breeding, then the initial investment will pay off in about 4-5 years. If the farm works in the direction of breeding chickens, then the business will begin to make a profit after 8 months due to the high demand for products.

Thus, when planning the opening of a farm, first of all, it is necessary to determine the direction for its development, find out the features of farming in this area and draw up a structured business plan that determines the entire further organization of the business, taking into account the maximum reduction in the likelihood of risks.

Video about the organization of farms

The video discusses the question of how to start a business in this direction: