Guardian destroyer. Stalin's series. Properties of ship Sentinel in WoWs
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| "Watchdog" | |
|---|---|
| Service: | Russia Russia → RSFSR RSFSR |
| Class and type of vessel | Destroyer |
| Organization | Navy RI → Soviet Navy |
| Manufacturer | Nevsky Plant |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 382 |
| Length | 64,0 |
| Width | 6.4 m |
| Draft | 2.59 m |
| Power | 4399-6100 l. with. |
| Mover | 2 |
| Travel speed | 23.0-25.0 knots |
| Sailing range | 450-500 miles (at 25.0 knots) 800-900 miles (at 15.0 knots) |
| Crew | 67 people, including 4 officers |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 × 75 mm Kane cannon, 6 × 7.62 mm machine gun |
| Mine torpedo armament | 2 × 457 mm TA |
Construction history
The destroyer was laid down at the beginning of 1905 on the slipway of the Nevsky Ship-Mechanical Plant in St. Petersburg by order of the Russian Maritime Department. On April 2 (15), 1905, enlisted in the lists of ships of the Baltic Fleet, launched on August 11 (24), 1905, entered service on December 15 (28), 1907. On September 27 (October 10), 1907, she was officially assigned to the destroyer subclass.
Service history
In 1911-1912 "Watchdog" underwent a major overhaul. He took part in the First World War, took part in the defense of the Gulf of Riga, carried out patrol and convoy service, set minefields in the Moonsund Gulf. He took part in the Irbenskaya (1915) and Moonsund (1917) operations. Participated in the February Revolution. From October 25 (November 7) 1917 as part of the Red Baltic Fleet. In the period from 10 to 19 April 1918, he made the transition from Helsingfors to Kronstadt.
From July 1 to October 15, 1919, the "Watchman" was part of the Onega military flotilla. On October 20 of the same year, the destroyer was sent along the Mariinsky water system from Petrograd to the Volga, on December 3 she arrived in Astrakhan and became part of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla. On July 5, 1920, it became part of the Caspian Sea Forces. In December 1920 he took part in hostilities in the Lankaran region. In 1922, it was decommissioned, disarmed and handed over to the Baku military port for storage. On November 21, 1925, he was excluded from the lists of ships of the RKKF in connection with the transfer of the Communist Fund for disarmament, dismantling and cutting into metal.
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Notes (edit)
Literature
- Afonin N.N."Nevki" (destroyers of the "Buyny" type and its modifications). - SPb. : LeKo, 2005 .-- 84 p. - (Squadron). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-902-236-19-3.
- S. S. Berezhnoy Cruisers and Destroyers: A Handbook. - M .: Military publishing house, 2002 .-- 472 p. - (Ships and vessels of the Russian fleet). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01780-8.
Excerpt from the Watchdog (destroyer, 1906)
- Well, you, foxes! - the other laughed at the twisting militias who entered the battery for the wounded.- Al does not porridge taste good? Ah, the crows, they stabbed! - they shouted at the militiamen, who had hesitated in front of a soldier with a torn off leg.
“That’s something, little guy,” the peasants mimicked. - They don't like passion.
Pierre noticed how after each ball that hit, after each loss, the general animation flared up more and more.
As if from an advancing thundercloud, more and more often, brighter and brighter, a hidden, flaring fire flashed on the faces of all these people (as if in response to the ongoing) lightning.
Pierre did not look ahead at the battlefield and was not interested in knowing what was going on there: he was all absorbed in contemplation of this more and more flaring fire, which, in the same way (he felt), was kindling in his soul.
At ten o'clock the infantry soldiers, who were in front of the battery in the bushes and along the Kamenka River, retreated. From the battery it was seen how they ran back past it, carrying the wounded on their guns. Some general with his retinue entered the mound and, after talking with the colonel, looking angrily at Pierre, went downstairs again, ordering the infantry cover, who was standing behind the battery, to lie down to be less exposed to shots. Following this, in the ranks of the infantry, to the right of the battery, a drum was heard, shouts of command, and from the battery one could see how the ranks of the infantry moved forward.
Pierre looked over the shaft. One face especially caught his eye. It was an officer who, with a pale young face, walked backwards, carrying a lowered sword, and looked around uneasily.
The ranks of infantry soldiers disappeared into the smoke, their drawn-out screams and frequent firing of rifles were heard. A few minutes later, crowds of wounded and stretchers passed from there. The shells began to hit the battery even more often. Several people were lying uncleaned. The soldiers moved more busily and lively near the cannons. Nobody paid any attention to Pierre anymore. Once or twice at him they shouted angrily for being on the road. The senior officer, with a frowning face, with big, quick steps, moved from one weapon to another. The young officer, blushing even more, commanded the soldiers even more diligently. The soldiers fired in, turned, loaded, and did their job with tense panache. They bounced on the move as if on springs.
A thundercloud moved, and the fire that Pierre had watched burned brightly in all faces. He stood beside the senior officer. A young officer ran up to the elder, with his hand to the shako.
- I have the honor to report, Colonel, there are only eight charges, will you order to continue firing? - he asked.
- Buckshot! - Without answering, the senior officer shouted, looking over the shaft.
Suddenly something happened; the officer gasped and, curled up, sat down on the ground like a bird shot on the fly. Everything became strange, vague and gloomy in Pierre's eyes.
One after another whistled cannonballs and fought at the parapet, at the soldiers, at the cannons. Pierre, who had not heard these sounds before, now only heard these sounds. On the side of the battery, on the right, with a shout of "hurray", the soldiers ran not forward, but backward, as it seemed to Pierre.
The cannonball hit the very edge of the rampart in front of which Pierre was standing, poured the earth, and a black ball flashed in his eyes, and at the same instant slapped into something. The militias, who had entered the battery, ran back.
- All buckshot! - shouted the officer.
The non-commissioned officer ran up to the senior officer and in a frightened whisper (as a butler reports to the owner at dinner that there is no more wine required), he said that there were no more charges.
- Robbers, what are they doing! - shouted the officer, turning to Pierre. The senior officer's face was red and sweaty, and his frowning eyes glittered. - Run to the reserves, bring the boxes! He shouted, angrily avoiding Pierre and turning to his soldier.
“I'll go,” said Pierre. The officer, not answering him, walked with long strides in the other direction.
- Don't shoot ... Wait! He shouted.
The soldier, who was ordered to go for the charges, ran into Pierre.
- Eh, sir, you don't belong here, - he said and ran downstairs. Pierre ran after the soldier, bypassing the place where the young officer was sitting.
One, another, a third core flew over him, hitting in front, from the sides, from behind. Pierre ran downstairs. "Where am I?" - he suddenly remembered, already running up to the green boxes. He hesitated whether to go back or forward. Suddenly a terrible jolt threw him back to the ground. At the same instant, the brilliance of a large fire illuminated him, and at the same instant there was a deafening thunder, crackling and whistling that rang in his ears.
Displacement is standard 1850 tons, normal 2150 tons, full 2400 tons. Dimensions 112.5 x 10.2 x 4.2 m. Boiler-turbine, twin-shaft power plant: on 8 TZA "GTZA-24" ships, 60,000 hp, on 10 TZA "Metro-Vickers" ships "and" Parsons ", 54000 hp. Speed 36 (Metro-Vickers, Parsons) - 39.6 (GTZA-24) / 20 knots, range 1400 miles. Armament: 4 x 1 x 130/50 mm in B-13-2 installations, 2 - 3 x 1 x 76/55 mm in 34-K installations, 3 x 1 x 45/46 mm in 21-K installations (dismantled to 1943), 5 - 8 x 1 x 37 / 67.5 mm in 70-K installations, 4 x 12.7 mm DShK machine gun, or 2 x 2 x 12.7 mm Colt-Browning machine gun, 2 x 3 x 533 mm torp. apparatus 1-H, 6 torpedoes 53-38, 10 B-1 depth charges and 20 M-1 depth charges, 2 BMB-1 bomb launchers (installed during the war), 58 min KB or 62 mines mod. 1926 Crew 190 - 225 sailors and foremen, 25 officers.
From 1944 to 1945 installed radar detecting surface targets such as "Guys-1" ("Strict") or type 291 made in Great Britain ("Smart", "Strong", "Glorious", "Sentinel", "Vice-Admiral Drozd", "Ferocious" , "Terrible"), fire control of type 284 made in Great Britain (on most destroyers) or type "Mina" of domestic production. Hydroacoustic equipment: SHPS "Mars", ZPS system "Arctur", during the war the GAS "Dragon-128s / Asdik" produced by Great Britain was installed.
Silhouette of the destroyer "Sentorozhevoy" "after refurbishment
1. WATCHDOG (CBF)
Displacement is standard 1892 t, normal 2046 t, full 2453 t. Length 113.5 m. commissioned on 6.10.1940. It was heavily damaged as a result of an attack by five German torpedo boats on 27.06.1941 (the bow was torn off, 85 people were missing). Towed to Tallinn, then to Kronstadt and further to Leningrad. Under repair from 08/09/1942 to May 1943. To recreate the torn off, the nose of the unfinished destroyer "Organized" of Project 30 with one B-2LM twin-turret was used. During the repair, all 45 mm guns were replaced with 6 x 1 x 37 / 67.5 mm guns in 70-K mounts. Equipped with type 291 radar made in Great Britain. It was re-commissioned in September 1943. From 17.02.1956 - a training destroyer. Excluded from the lists on 03/11/1958. Dismantled for metal in Liepaja in 1958-1959.
2.GRY (CBF)
Laid down on October 27, 1936 (Baltic Union, Leningrad), re-laid on 10/15/1938, launched on 04/21/1939. Before 09/25/1940, "Dashing". Vst. in operation 10/15/1940. Heavily damaged on 07/19/1941 by bombers "Ju-88" at about. Worms sank an hour later. The hull was raised piece by piece in 1949 - 1952. and dismantled for metal in Tallinn.
3. RESISTANT (CBF)
Laid down on August 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid in March 1938, launched on December 26, 1938, comm. in operation on October 18, 1940, on April 3, 1942, he was awarded the rank of the Guards. From 13.02.1943, "Vice-Admiral Drozd". Modernized from 2.11.1951 to 7.02.1956. From 6.02.1960 - target ship TsL-54. Sank during a storm on 07/02/1961 at Cape Taran.
4. STRONG (KBF)
Laid down on October 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid in January 1938, launched on 11/01/1938, comm. commissioned on 31.10.1940. Heavily damaged by air bombs in Kronstadt on 21.09.1941. Was under repair from October 1941 to 30.12.1941 (Leningrad). Modernized in the summer of 1942. Renovated from November 1944 to May 1945 (Leningrad). It underwent modernization from 19.11.1948 to 10.12.1954. From 20.02.1959 it was converted into the target ship "TsL-43". Excluded from the lists 01.21.1969 and dismantled for metal in Tallinn.
5. SMART (Black Sea Fleet)
Laid down on October 15, 1936 (named after 61 Kommunar, Nikolaev), re-laid on June 27, 1938, launched on 08/26/1939. Vst. commissioned on November 10, 1940. He was heavily damaged by a Soviet mine explosion near the Kerch Strait on 03/05/1942 and sank during a storm on 03/07/1942.
6. GLORIOUS (KBF)
Laid down on 08/31/1936 (Baltic Union, Leningrad), re-laid on 1/31/1939, launched on 09/19/1939, comm. commissioned on May 31, 1941. Participated in the evacuation of the Hanko Peninsula garrison in November 1941. On November 3, 1941, by mistake, he sank the boat MO # 112 with main caliber fire. Participated in the Vyborg 10-20.06.1944 offensive operation. It was repaired and modernized from July 10, 1947 to July 6, 1955. On February 6, 1960, it was reclassified into the target ship "TsL-44", and on June 30, 1961, into the "SM-20" floating target. Excluded from the lists of the Navy on 03/04/1964 and dismantled for metal in Liepaja.
7. BOLD (CBF)
Laid down on October 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid in March 1938, launched on April 30, 1939, comm. commissioned on 31.05.1941. It was heavily damaged by a detonation on a German mine on 27.07.1941 in the Irbensky Strait. According to another version, it was torpedoed by the German "S-54" torpedo boat or a submarine, but this version is most likely erroneous. The crew was removed by the minesweeper "Fugas", and the destroyer was sunk by TKA # 73 due to the impossibility of towing.
8. SEVERE (KBF)
Laid down on October 27, 1936 (Baltic Association, Leningrad), re-laid on 02/01/1939, launched on 08/05/1939. Until 09/25/1940, "Flying". Vst. in operation 05/31/1941. He was heavily damaged by a mine explosion and flooded by the crew on 11/14/1941 near the Yuminda Cape. The crew was removed by the T-217 minesweeper.
9. CONSIDERABLE (BSF)
Laid down on 10/15/1936, re-laid on 3/3/1939, launched on 8/26/1939, Until 09/25/1940, "Prosperous". Vst. in operation on June 7, 1941, on March 1, 1943, was awarded the rank of the Guards. Under repair from 12/19/1945 to 08/25/1947. Rebuilt according to project 32 into a rescue ship in 1951 - 1958. In reserve since 03/27/1960. Reclassified as target ship from 09/14/1963. Excluded from the Navy lists on 03/19/1966. The proposal to keep the destroyer as a monument or museum piece was rejected by the Navy leadership. Disassembled for metal in Inkerman in 1966-1968.
10. SCARY (KBF)
Laid down on August 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid in March 1938, launched on April 8, 1939, comm. in operation 06/22/1941. Notable for electrical equipment on alternating current (project 7UE). Was blown up by a mine on July 16, 1941 at Cape Pakry. Was under repair from 09/23/1941 to 04/15/1942 (Leningrad). It was modernized from 07/10/1947 to 01/10/1953. Disarmed on 04/18/1958 and converted into a training station "UTS-83". Excluded from the lists of the Navy on 01/12/1960 and dismantled for metal.
11. ABLE (Black Sea Fleet)
Laid down on 7.07.1936 (named after 61 Kommunar, Nikolaev), re-laid on 7/03/1939, launched on 30.09.1939. Until 25.09.1940, "Movable". Vst. in operation on June 24, 1941, was blown up by a Soviet mine near Novorossiysk on January 8, 1942 (the bow end came off). It was restored and modernized by May 1943. On October 6, 1943, it was sunk by U-87 bombers near Yalta.
12. VIREPY (KBF)
Laid down on 11/29/1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid on 12/30/1938, launched on 08/28/1939, comm. in operation 07/18/1941 Participated in the Krasnoselsko-Ropsha nast. operations in January 1944. Modernized 07/10/1947 - 01/02/1951 (plant "Neptune", Rostock, GDR). Excluded from the lists of the Navy on 01/28/1958 and dismantled for metal.
13. STATNY (KBF)
Laid down on December 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid on 12/29/1938, launched on November 24, 1939, comm. in operation on July 18, 1941. Heavily damaged on 08/18/1941 during a mine explosion near the island. Fly (the nasal tip came off). Sank on 08/22/1941 during a storm. The hull was raised piece by piece in 1957 and dismantled for metal in Tallinn.
14. AMBULANCE (KBF)
Laid down on November 29, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid on 10/23/1938, launched on July 24, 1939, comm. commissioned on 08/01/1941. Participated in the redeployment of the fleet from Tallinn to Kronstadt. Died on 08/28/1941 from a mine explosion at Cape Yuminda.
15. PERFECT (Black Sea Fleet)
Laid down on 17.09.1936 (named after 61 Kommunar, Nikolaev), re-laid in 1938, launched on 25.02.1939. Until 25.09.1940, "Fearless". Vst. commissioned on 09/30/1941. Was blown up by a Soviet mine on 09/30/1941 near Sevastopol, towed to Sevastopol and put into dry dock. In the dock it was heavily damaged by He-111 and Yu-88 bombers on 12.11.1941. After restoration, sunk by German aircraft in the bay of Sevastopol on 08.06.1942. Raised on 28.10.1945 and scrapped.
16. FREE (Black Sea Fleet)
Laid down on 23.08.1936 (named after 61 Kommunar, Nikolaev), re-laid in 1938, launched on 25.02.1939. Until 25.09.1940, "Silent". Vst. in operation 01.01.1942. Sunk 10.06.1942 by bombers "Ju-88" in Sevastopol. Raised and scrapped in 1953
17. STROGY (KBF, SF since 11.10.1958)
Laid down on October 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid on 10/26/1938, launched on 12/31/1939, conditionally accepted into the Navy in September 1941.Finally completed by 09/15/1942 Ropsha nast. operations in January 1944. Passed tests in August - October 1945 and 10.12.1945 officially enrolled in the KBF. Rebuilt according to project 32 into a rescue and decontamination vessel on November 30, 1953, from 03/20/1956 - "SDK-13", from 27.12.1956 - "SS-18". 09/14/1963 the target ship "SM-16" was reclassified. Excluded from the lists of the Navy on June 26, 1964 and dismantled for metal in Murmansk in 1964 - 1965.
18. SLIM (KBF)
Laid down on December 26, 1936 (named after Zhdanov, Leningrad), re-laid on 12/29/1938, launched on 04/29/1940, conditionally accepted into the Navy in September 1941.Finally completed by 09/15/1942, Tested in August -October 1945 and 11.12.1945 officially became a part of the KBF. Rebuilt according to project 32 into a rescue and decontamination vessel in 1953 - 1956. From 20.03.1956 - "SDK-10", from 27.12.1956 - "SS-17". On August 27, 1963, it was reclassified as the target ship TsL-2. Excluded from the lists of the Navy on 08/25/1965, Dismantled for metal in Liepaja in 1965 - 1966.
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This text is a continuation of the post and describes the ships of the 2nd and 3rd rank of the Altflot of the USSR.
with a tenacity worthy of perhaps a better application, I continued to construct my reality
Destroyers
real story
The Porter-class destroyers project was created by American designers in the early 1930s; the purpose of the new destroyers was to conduct long-range naval operations in the Pacific and support the actions of their own destroyers. In the American budget for the 1933/1934 fiscal year, the construction of 4 destroyers of the type was financed. However, two months after Franklin D. Roosevelt became president, he signed a law, according to which the number of destroyers under construction of the type increased to 8 units.
"Porter" was a Leader, with a standard displacement of 1850 tons, with dimensions of 116 by 11.2 meters and a draft of 3.2 meters. Two steam turbines, fed by four boilers and developed a capacity of 50,000 liters. with. "Porter" gave a maximum speed of 35 knots, and the cruising range at 12 knots was 6,500 miles, and at 15 knots - 6,000 miles. The crew is 175-194 people. The armament consisted of four two-gun five-inch turrets 4x2 127-mm / 38Mark 12, and anti-aircraft artillery of four coaxial machine guns of 12.7 mm machine gun. The ship housed two quadruple 533-mm torpedo tubes.
alternative history
In December 1933, in addition to the long-awaited establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the United States by the world community, the Treaty of Friendship and Military Alliance between the USSR and the United States was signed, which was a surprise to the League of Nations. At the same time, in addition to land and water area lease agreements, six contracts were concluded related to the restoration of the USSR's defense capability.
The first was an agreement for licensed production without the right to sell to third countries 152-mm turrets, which were armed with new 152/47 Mark 16 guns with a projectile weight of 59 kg and separate-case loading. The installations had a maximum elevation angle of 60 ° and a maximum firing range of 130 cables at an elevation angle of 47. The frontal armor of the towers had a thickness of 165 mm.
The second agreement, on the same terms, concerned single-gun and double-gun turrets with anti-fragmentation armor with the newest universal five-inch gun - 127/38. These guns with an aiming angle of 85 degrees and a rate of fire of up to 15 rounds per minute could effectively deal with both surface targets and enemy aircraft.
The third agreement provided for the reconstruction in 1934-1935 of the former Putilov shipyards, including their preparation for welding the hulls of cruisers and destroyers, as well as the use of large sheets in order to ensure the technical readiness of the shipyards for laying down two light cruisers no later than the spring of 1936 ...
The fourth was signed a contract for the construction of six light cruisers of the original design, based on lung project cruisers of the Brooklyn class - two at American shipyards, and four at Soviet ones, after their reconstruction under the third contract. A year was allotted for the period from bookmarking to launching, and a year and a half for the period from launching to putting the cruiser into operation. The schedule provided for the completion of the project in 1934 and the laying of two cruisers in the United States in 1935, and two cruisers each in the USSR in 1936 and 1938. Part of the machines and mechanisms of Soviet production in cruisers was supposed to be 0% for the first pair of cruisers, for the second - 20%, and for the third - 80%.
The fifth contract provided for the construction of an installation series of 8 destroyers, and technical assistance in the development of the project by the Soviet industry.
The United States offered the Soviets the Mahen-class destroyers with a normal displacement of 1490 tons and the Porter-class leaders with a normal displacement of 1850 tons
After a lengthy discussion, the Soviet delegation made a revolutionary decision that marked the beginning of a new approach to military shipbuilding. It was clear that neither the economic nor the shipbuilding capacity of the USSR could in any way allow it to stand on a par with the major maritime powers. Therefore, instead of small destroyers, or any combination, such as for 4 destroyers - one leader, it was decided to build only leaders, which made it possible to create local superiority over a potential enemy directly at the point of conflict.
In 1933, the Porter-class destroyers project was adopted almost unchanged as the main one for the implementation of the fifth contract between the USSR and the USA:
Only the air defense was reinforced, and the destroyers were equipped with 3x2 40-mm ZAU "Bofors" and 4x1 20-mm ZAU "Oerlikon":
All eight "Americans" were laid down in 1934-1935, launched in 1935-1936 and entered service in 1937-1938.
Construction in the USSR began after the completion of the reconstruction of several shipyards in 1936, and by 1940 another 24 destroyers had entered service, bringing the total number of new destroyers to 32, 8 for each fleet.
In addition, it was possible to restore all 17 Novik-class destroyers inherited from the tsarist fleet:
The Novik-class destroyers were rearmed with a set of weapons typical for the new Soviet fleet:
Paired torpedo tubes for 45cm torpedoes during the First World War were dismantled, as were artillery and anti-aircraft weapons. Asdik appeared on the ship. The artillery armament of the Novik-bis-class destroyers was two universal single-gun turret gun mounts 127 mm / 38 Mark 12, and anti-aircraft armament - 8 paired 40mm Bofors, as well as 2x1 20mm Oerlikon. In addition, two depth charges were installed at the stern. Thus, the once formidable torpedo ship, "attacker" by football standards, turned into a sloop, which was quite dangerous for any enemy - a "defender", extremely in demand in the formation of any convoy in the subsequent war years.
In the meantime, the armament of the first-born Soviet military shipbuilding - the patrol ship Hurricane - was also revised:
It became clear that he had no chance of using his torpedo armament - he was not small enough to sneak up on the enemy, and not fast enough to attack swiftly. The new Soviet concept of using torpedo weapons assumed their use in aviation, submarines, torpedo boats and, in exceptional cases, destroyers.
Thus, the torpedo tube with 45cm tsarist torpedoes, as well as the 102mm bow artillery gun, were dismantled. Hurricane Bis received Asdik to search for submarines, which significantly increased the effectiveness of anti-submarine weapons, and 3 paired 40mm Bofors, which strengthened its air defense:
The Hurricane-class patrol ships were the first ships built in our country after a long hiatus. They were created on the basis of models of equipment and weapons from the First World War and, when they entered service, did not have modern anti-aircraft and navigational weapons, radio communications, submarine detection devices, etc. In addition, the disadvantages include not very comfortable conditions for the crew, low (relative to the terms of reference) speed, mediocre seaworthiness,
unreliable steering device.
It should also be noted that there were many constructive innovations in the Uragan-type SKR project. For the first time in the domestic fleet, the power plant operated on superheated steam, direct-acting, low-speed turbines were replaced by GTZA with high-speed turbines. The installation was compact, and the echelon placement increased its survivability. For the first time, the set of the body was carried out along the longitudinal system. Also, for the first time, galvanizing of hull structures and welding (irrelevant parts) were used. SKR hulls, despite the relief, turned out to be more durable
The experience gained in the operation of Uragan-class ships in peacetime at various maritime theaters led to a reassessment of their qualities by the leadership of the People's Commissariat of the Navy. Speaking on December 3, 1940 at a meeting of the high naval command in Moscow with a report on the equipment of the fleet, the head of the Shipbuilding Directorate, Engineer-Rear Admiral N.V. Isachenkov, said about the patrol boats that they fully satisfy the tactical and technical requirements for ships of this class, not inferior to similar ships of foreign fleets built in 1930 - 1934.
Of course, the Alt of the USSR shipbuilding program was built in such a way that as the displacement fell, the number of ships increased, that is, more patrol ships were built than destroyers - 48 TFRs were supplemented by 32 EMs. By the beginning of the War, there were 4 modern light cruisers:
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№ |
Ship type |
Real Story (RI) |
Alternative history (AI) |
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in service |
in construction |
in service |
in construction |
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Sevastopol-class battleship |
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Battleship of the "Soviet Union" type |
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Heavy cruiser |
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Light cruiser "Svetlana" class |
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Cruiser type "26 Kirov" |
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Cruiser 68-K "Chapaev" |
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Brooklyn-class cruiser |
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Destroyers of the "Novik" class |
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Leader of destroyers with a displacement of over 2000 tons |
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Destroyer project 7 |
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Destroyer of the Porter bis project |
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Hurricane-class patrol ships |
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Hurricane bis-class patrol ships |
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Submarine hunters |
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Minesweepers |
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Submarines of Soviet projects |
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Submarines type Vii |
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Type IX submarines |
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Underwater minelayers of the Kalev type |
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Torpedo boats |
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Infantry landing ships |
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Performance characteristics of real ships mentioned in the post:
|
Tactical and technical data |
EM "Porter" |
EM "Project 7" |
EM "Novik" |
TFR "Hurricane" |
|
Displacement normal, t |
1850 |
1657 |
1280 |
|
|
Maximum length, m |
102,42 |
71,5 |
||
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Maximum width, m |
11,2 |
10,2 |
9,52 |
|
|
Maximum draft, m |
3,27 |
|||
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Steam turbine unit with total capacity, hp with |
50000 |
50500 |
41910 |
7040 |
|
Full speed, knots |
||||
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Economic speed, knots |
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Cruising range at economic speed, miles |
6500 |
2800 |
1760 |
1200 |
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Peacetime crew, people |
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Artillery weapons |
4 - 130/50 mm B-13 |
4 x 1 102mm |
2 × 1 102mm |
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Torpedo armament: |
2x4 TA 53cm |
2x3 TA 53cm |
4x2 TA 45cm |
1 × 3 TA 45cm |
|
Flak |
12.7 mm machine gun |
2 - 76/55 mm 34K; 2 - 45 mm 21K. |
4 × 1 7.62mm |
2 × 1 7.62mm |
Sentry is the first Soviet destroyer available to players in World of warships. This ship is located on the second level.
Properties of ship Sentinel in WoWs
Destroyer characteristics Sentinel in World of Warships are shown in the figure.
The use of torpedoes- the main force of a destroyer on a Soviet ship is limited by its range. Effective use of torpedo weapons is possible only by approaching a close distance - less than 3 kilometers to the enemy. It is best to unexpectedly swim out from behind the island and carry out a lightning attack. The Sentinel in World of warships has fairly comfortable aiming angles for torpedoes.
There are five torpedo tubes installed on the Watchtower, each of which has two torpedoes.
Artillery armament on the Watchtower powerful enough for a destroyer class ship. Three guns with a short reload time and good ballistics, in addition, the turrets of the main caliber rotate almost as fast as on American ships. The firing range is up to 10 kilometers, which is a good indicator not only for destroyers, but also for Tier II cruisers.
How to play the Sentry in World of warships
Technical characteristics of the Sentry ship indicate that on this vessel it is necessary to try to use artillery weapons as efficiently as possible, and you can shoot even from a long distance. It may not be possible to inflict a lot of damage in one salvo, but nevertheless, on a Soviet destroyer, you can damage enemy ships for a long time and systematically. You can save your ship from fire by simple maneuvers - changing course and speed.
By the beginning of the 1930s, there were only seventeen destroyers - "noviks" in the Navy of the Red Army:
12 units in the Baltic Sea;
5 units on the Black Sea.
Such destroyers, built before the First World War, could not solve with high efficiency the expanded combat missions of ships of their class. Therefore, in July 1931, the USSR Labor and Defense Council decided to provide for the forced creation of new destroyers in the next naval development program. For these purposes, the Central Design Bureau for Special Shipbuilding (TsKBS-1) was created.
Project 7 destroyers, also known as the "Wrathful" class, are a type of destroyers of the so-called "Stalin series" built for the Soviet Navy in the second half of the 1930s, one of the most massive types of destroyers in the history of Russian and of the Soviet fleets. The most massive Soviet destroyers of the 1920s-1930s.
A total of 53 units were laid. Of these, 28 were completed according to the original project. 18 were completed according to the 7U project. 6 were dismantled on the slipway. One ("Resolute") sank while being towed after launching and was not completed.
Project 7
TsKBS-1 began designing a "serial EM", which was given the designation "Project 7". In 1932, under the leadership of the chief engineer of TsKBS-1 V.A. Nikitin, the Soyuzverf commission was sent to Italy, which chose the largest shipbuilding company Ansaldo, which had many years of experience in the design of high-speed EM and KRL. The commission got acquainted with the newest Italian destroyers and the documentation of the Mistral type EM under construction, which became the closest prototype in the development of Project 7.
On December 21, 1934, the general design of the "serial destroyer" was approved by a decree of the Labor and Defense Council. The total number of ships to be built according to the approved project has changed more than once (upward), as a result, it was planned to hand over 21 ships to the fleet in 1937, and another 32 in 1938. Of these 53 destroyers, 21 ships were intended for the Baltic and Northern fleets, 10 - for the Black Sea Fleet and 22 - for the Pacific Fleet.
The construction of the ships was envisaged at factories No. 189 Shipyard named after. Ordzhonikidze and No. 190 Shipyard named after Zhdanov in Leningrad, and factories № 198 Shipyard them. Marty and No. 200 Shipyard named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev.
Comparison with foreign destroyers confirms that significant progress was made in the design of a new series of destroyers, and the ship was not inferior in combat qualities to the best foreign models of that time, and in terms of the firing range of the main caliber guns and the speed it significantly exceeded them.
Powerful artillery weapons, perfect fire control devices, decent torpedoes and a decent travel speed. The power plant, with all its disadvantages, has proven to be more reliable than that of the German destroyers. But the main merit of our designers and shipbuilders is that such a large series of ships was nevertheless built and built on time. It was the Sevens that renewed the surface fleet and brought the Soviet Navy to a qualitatively new level.
Project 7-U
On May 13, 1937, the British destroyer Hunter, which was carrying out a patrol service near the port of Almeria and performing the functions of observing the course of hostilities (there was a civil war in Spain), was blown up by a drifting mine.
In August 1937, at a meeting of the Defense Committee in Moscow, the incident with the Hunter was mentioned. The situation was analyzed when a ship with a linear arrangement of a boiler-turbine installation, as a result of a single hit of a shell, mine or torpedo, could lose speed. As a result, Project 7, which had the same power plant layout, was called "sabotage". 14 already launched ships of project 7 were ordered to be altered, and the rest were dismantled on the stocks.
The project of the improved project 7-U was developed jointly by the design bureaus TsKB-17 (until October 1936 - TsKBS-1) and the Northern Shipyard named after V.I. A. Zhdanova (chief designer - Lebedev N.A.). The final project was approved by the People's Commissariat of the Navy on August 29, 1938.
Initially, it was planned to re-mortgage absolutely all ships of Project 7. However, fortunately, Deputy People's Commissar of the Defense Industry Tevosyan IF managed to convince the committee to finish building 29 destroyers under Project 7 and only the next 18 to re-mortgage according to Project 7U. The last 6 units under construction, which were in a low degree of readiness, were decided to be dismantled.
Thus, during 1938-1939, 18 destroyer hulls of project 7, which were on the stocks of the Leningrad plants named after Zhdanov and Ordzhonikidze, and the Nikolaev named after 61 Communards, were re-mortgaged according to project 7-U. For this, the almost finished buildings of Project 7 had to be partially dismantled. A number of structures were removed in the area of the machine-boiler rooms. As a result, the ships of the 7-U project became part of only two fleets - the Baltic and the Black Sea.
The Far Eastern destroyers, due to the busy mode of operation and a weak production base in Vladivostok and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, were completed according to project 7.
The lead destroyer of Project 7-U was the Sentinel. During factory tests, which took place in the fall of 1939, a significant overload of the ship was revealed and, as a result, its reduced stability. Elimination work (stability was increased by laying solid ballast), as well as the elimination of many discovered defects, delayed the completion of the tests for more than a year. As a result, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War shipbuilders managed to hand over to the customer only half of all of the 18 declared ships of the 7-U project: 8 in the Baltic and 1 in the Black Sea. The remaining 9 were urgently completed and tested already in combat conditions.
Tactical and technical characteristics
Frame
The main difference between the Project 7-U destroyer was the layout of the engine and boiler rooms. The appearance of the fourth boiler and their increased dimensions, as a result of which the boilers did not fit inside the hull, led to the fact that the boilers rose about 2 meters above the main deck, eating up the volume of the central superstructures.
The body was made of low-manganese steel with a thickness of 5-10 millimeters. Most of the connections were riveted, although the stringers, part of the upper deck and a number of other elements were welded. During the war, a serious drawback of low-manganese steel was revealed: fragility. Sheets made from it, when hit by fragments of bombs and shells, split and themselves gave a large number of fragments that struck personnel, devices and mechanisms. The usual "Steel 3", used in the construction of decks and superstructures, did not crack and did not give such fragments.
Power plant
In 1936 the People's Commissariat foreign trade ordered 12 sets of main turbo-gear units (GTZA) and auxiliary mechanisms for the ships of project 7 from the British firms Metro-Vickers and Parsons. Such GTZA had a capacity of up to 24,000 liters. with., but could be launched in a cold state, without preheating, which theoretically reduced the preparation time for the ship to go to sea.
In March 1938, the turbines received from England were distributed among the factories. Of the eight sets of power plants from Metro-Vickers, 7 went to Leningrad # 189 and # 190, and another was sent to the KBF base as a backup. Four sets of Parsons went to the Black Sea: 3 - to the Nikolaev plant No. 200 and one - to the Black Sea Fleet base in Sevastopol. All imported GTZA ended up on the ships re-mortgaged according to the 7-U project.
Steam for turbines was generated by 4 hipped vertical water-tube boilers with a side screen and one-way gas flow, equipped with loop superheaters. The heating surface of each boiler is 655 m², productivity is 80 tons of steam per hour. Steam parameters are approximately the same as those of Project 7 ships: pressure 27.5 kg / s², temperature 340 ° С. Each boiler was housed in an isolated compartment.
One of the disadvantages of such a system is the increased fuel consumption: four boilers compared to three in project 7. Moreover, it was not possible to increase the fuel reserves of the 7-U project: after the installation of a more cumbersome power plant in a cramped building, there are already was not left. And after laying the solid ballast, the stock of fuel oil even had to be slightly reduced.
Armament
Main caliber
The main caliber artillery (GK) of the Project 7U destroyers remained the same as that of their predecessors: four 130-mm B-13-2 guns with a barrel length of 50 calibers, manufactured by the Bolshevik plant. The ammunition capacity included 150 shots per barrel, in overload (according to the capacity of the cellars), the ship could take up to 185 shots per barrel - that is, a total of up to 740 shells and charges. The ammunition was fed manually, the delivery was carried out by a pneumatic slug.
Anti-aircraft armament
Anti-aircraft armament consisted of a pair of 76-mm 34-K universal mounts, moved to the stern. A third 45mm 21-K semi-automatic was added. Thus, all three small-caliber anti-aircraft guns were located on the site behind the first chimney, for which they had to sacrifice heavy 90-cm searchlights (instead of them, one 60-cm was now installed on the foremast).
The number of 12.7 mm DShK machine guns doubled - two more were added to the two on the upper bridge behind the forecastle cut. However, despite some strengthening in comparison with its predecessors, the anti-aircraft weapon of the 7-U project continued to remain extremely weak and poorly placed: from the bow course nodes, the ship was practically defenseless, and the crowding of all anti-aircraft weapons on two sites made them extremely vulnerable.
The experience of the first months of the war showed how dangerous it is to ignore the threat of air attacks. Therefore, already in July 1941, destroyers began to additionally mount 37-mm 70-K assault rifles on the superstructure in the area of the second pipe, and then replace them with 45-mm 21-K.
In May 1942, two 20-mm Erlikons and one four-barreled 12.7-mm Vickers machine gun were installed on the Strong.
By the end of the war, the Baltic destroyers ("Strong", "Stable", "Glorious", "Sentinel", "Strogiy", "Stroyny") received the third 76-mm gun mount 34-K (on the poop).
By 1943, the most powerful in terms of air defense weapons of the Black Sea "Capable" and "Savvy" were armed with two 76-mm 34-K cannons, seven 37-mm 70-K assault rifles, four 12.7-mm DShK machine guns and two coaxial 12.7-mm machine guns "Colt-Browning" with water-cooled barrels.
Torpedo armament
Torpedo armament included two 533-mm three-tube torpedo tubes 1-N. Unlike the 39-Yu powder apparatuses installed on the Project 7 ships, the 1-N had a combined firing system - powder and pneumatic. The departure speed of the torpedo was 15-16 m / s (versus 12 m / s for the 39-Yu), which made it possible to significantly expand the sectors of fire: the destroyers of Project 7 could not fire torpedoes at sharp heading angles due to the risk that they would hit the deck ... In addition, a number of improvements were made to the TA design, which doubled the accuracy of its targeting. The ships of the 7-U project have never had a chance to use their quite modern torpedo weapons in battle.
Anti-submarine weapons
Mine and anti-submarine weapons of the Sentry-class destroyers practically did not differ from that used on their predecessors. On the rails located on the upper deck, the ship could take 58 min KB-3, or 62 mines of the 1926 model, or 96 mines of the 1912 model (in overload). The standard set of depth charges is 10 large B-1 and 20 small M-1. Large bombs were stored directly in the aft bomb throwers; of the small ones — 12 in the cellar and 8 — in the stern rack on the poop.
Already during the war, the destroyers received two BMB-1 bombers, capable of firing B-1 bombs at a range of up to 110 m.
Destroyer "Grozny" (project 7)
Displacement 1525 - 1670t
Speed 39 knots
Length 112.5 m
Width 10.2 m
Armament:
130-mm guns 4
76 mm guns 2
45 mm guns 2
37 mm guns 3
Anti-aircraft machine guns 2
Mines, depth charges - 60 KB-3, or 65 minutes of the 1926 model, or 95 minutes of the 1912 model.
Destroyer type "Guard" (project 7U)
Displacement 2000 t
Speed 39 knots
Length 115 m
Width 11.8 m
Armament:
130-mm guns 4
76 mm guns 2
37 mm guns 3
Anti-aircraft machine guns 4
Three-tube torpedo tubes 2
Mines, depth charges
Combat losses.
18 units of EM project 7 took part in the hostilities.
Killed 11 units
Causes of death
Navigational accidents - 2 cases
Air bombs - 5 cases
Mines - 4 cases
Of the 11 dead EM
died without breaking the case - 1 (Guardian)
died with a broken case - 1 (proud)
perished with a complete break of the case - 9 (including EM Fast), incl. with a break in the case in two places - 2 (Resolute I and Sharp-witted)
with a crack and a break in the case - 1 (Merciless)
There were 29 cases of severe damage to the EM project 7.
Typical places of cracks, breaks and breaks in the hull of destroyers of Project 7 were the sections of the transition from the longitudinal recruitment system in the middle of the hull to the transverse recruitment system at the extremities - places of high concentration of voltages.
Participated in hostilities 18 units of EM project 7U
Of these, 9 units died
Causes of death
Air bombs - 4 cases
Mines - 5 occurrences
Artillery - 1 case
Out of 10 cases of EM death
died without breaking the case - 4
died with a broken case - 2
died with a break in the case - 4
There were 19 cases of severe damage to the EM project 7U.
Destroyers of the Pacific Fleet did not take part in hostilities - 11 units.
Despite the measures taken to strengthen the enclosures of the EM project 7U in comparison with the EM project 7, this did not bring the desired result. The weakness of the structure of the case became one of the essential shortcomings of the EM of both projects, which, of course, affected their military fate.
According to the latest data, of the destroyers of the "Stalinist" series, only one ship - "Reasonable", can claim a real battle victory. It was he who, together with the destroyer Zhyvuchiy transferred by the British, on December 8, 1944, pursued the German submarine U-387, which after that did not get in touch and did not return to the base.
In the history of destroyers of both projects, the guards EM project 7U "Soobrazitelny" stands apart. Its commander Vorkov recalled the combat path of his ship: “56 times the destroyer fired at enemy battle formations, suppressed more than ten batteries, destroyed up to 30 tanks and vehicles, and a lot of manpower. He used more than 2700 rounds of the main caliber, participating in the artillery support of our ground forces. Convoy without loss to Odessa, Sevastopol, Feodosia and the ports of the Caucasus 59 transports ... Transported on board about 13 thousand people wounded and evacuated from Odessa and Sevastopol. More than a thousand tons of ammunition was transported to Odessa and Sevastopol. Repulsed more than 100 enemy aircraft attacks ... Shot down five enemy aircraft. 200 times the destroyer went into combat, having covered more than 60 thousand miles without repair. During the war, he spent almost 200 days at sea and did not lose a single soldier. There were no wounded on the ship either.
The article uses materials by A. Tsarenko and S. Balakin.
Article from the almanac "Marine Archive", No. 1, 2011
A.G. Markov, Chairman of the Editorial Board
Chief editor Maslov N.K.
