Hot cell. Hot chamber. Different types of hot cells
Hot chambers at Argonne National Laboratory.
Each chamber is equipped with a viewing window and two remotely controlled manipulators
Shielded chambers for working with highly active substances are often called "hot cells" or "hot laboratories." Hot cells are radiation containment cells in which people can operate and manipulate the necessary equipment and are used in both nuclear power and medical radiology.
Atomic industry
Hot cells are used to check the condition of spent nuclear fuel rods and to work with other objects that are high-power gamma emitters. For example, medical isotopes irradiated in a nuclear reactor or particle accelerator are processed in a hot cell. The widespread proliferation of nuclear weapons also explains the increased use of hot cells - they can be used to carry out chemical reactions when extracting plutonium from spent fuel. The cutting of the used fuel rods, the dissolution of the nuclear fuel and the first extraction cycle in the PUREX (high activity cycle) nuclear fuel reprocessing process are performed in a hot cell. The operation of cameras is associated with the use of special quick-release couplings - single or multi-couplings with remote control. In addition to remote connection of cooling circuits, pneumatics, quick couplings are also used for circuits with liquid nuclear waste, water vapor, sampling in glove boxes, etc. Read more about the use of quick connectors in the nuclear industry.
For the second cycle of the PUREX process (medium activity cycle), a conventional glovebox can be used.
Hospital hot chamber for preparing technetium-99m for use
in single-photon emission computed tomography
Medical radiology
Hot chambers are widely used in medical radiology: for the production of radiopharmaceuticals in accordance with the standards for organizing the production and quality control of medicines (in factories), for manipulating and dosing radiopharmaceuticals (in hospitals). The user should never be exposed to radiation from radioactive isotopes, so containment cells made of 316 stainless steel or other materials such as PVC or Corian have a thick outer protective layer. This protection can be achieved through the use of lead (which is a common practice), as well as materials such as concrete (which requires very large wall thicknesses) or tungsten. The amount of radioactivity in the hot chamber, the energy of the gamma photons emitted by the radioisotopes, and the number of neutrons produced in the material used determine the required thickness of the shielding shell. For example, a 1 kCi cobalt-60 source requires a thicker protective layer than a 1 kCi iridium-192 source to maintain the same radiation dose on the outer surface of the hot cell. In addition, if materials containing some actinides, such as Cf, or spent nuclear fuel are used in the hot cell, a layer of water or polyethylene may additionally be required to reduce the neutron production rate. More about the use of quick couplings for medical technology
Viewing windows
Video cameras can be used to visually monitor processes in the hot cell (however, this requires replacement on a regular basis), but lead glass is most commonly used. Several grades of lead glass of different density are produced, the most common of which is 5.2 g / cm 3. An approximate calculation of the equivalent thickness of such glass is performed by multiplying the thickness of the lead cladding by 2.5 (for example, a lead cladding 10 mm thick is equivalent to lead glass 25 mm thick). Previously, glass tanks filled with ZnBr 2 solution to protect against high-energy gamma rays were used as viewing windows in hot cells. This method of shielding is devoid of such drawbacks as the darkening of lead glass over time under the influence of radiation, and also provides "self-repair" of any damage caused to the solution by radioactive radiation. However, it inevitably leads to optical distortion due to the difference in the refractive indices of the solution and the glass.
Manipulators
Remotely controlled manipulators or forceps are used to remotely manipulate equipment inside hot cells. Their use is incredibly valuable - they avoid the need to place the hands inside the protective cell, which would result in severe radiation exposure to the fingers / hands. Manipulators are used in conjunction with shielded spheres, which can be produced by most of the leading R&D companies. The use of manipulators is effective when combined use of special couplings for remote control - the UM series.
Gloves
Lead-shielded gloves are often used in combination with pincers - they provide greater precision in handling and can be used in low-radiation environments (for example, in hot cells of hospital nuclear medicine laboratories). Tungsten shielded gloves have been developed by a number of companies to provide even greater precision and better protection than lead shielded gloves. Gloves should be replaced regularly as the chemicals used to clean / sterilize the chambers cause significant wear and tear.
Clean rooms
Hot chambers are typically located in clean rooms with air purity ratings ranging from D to B (category C is the most common). It is extremely rare that hot cells are placed in rooms of class A or without air purity classification.
Different types of hot cells
- Research cameras: Such chambers are often used to test new modules of chemical equipment or chemical processes. The size of the chambers is generally quite large due to the flexibility needed to use different chemical modules, which can vary considerably in size (eg synthera and tracerlab). Some cameras require remote manipulation.
- Stacked Mini Cameras: This type of hot cell is used exclusively for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. A chemical module is placed in each of the chambers and the production process is started (with the receipt of radioactive fluorine-18 from the cyclotron). At the end of the process, the chambers remain closed for at least 6 hours until the radiation is reduced to a safe level. These cameras do not use manipulators.
- Production and dosing chambers: Such chambers are used for dosing chemical products. For example, immediately after obtaining fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by mixing fluorine-18 with glucose, a sterilized vial is placed in the dosing cell, the contents of which are carefully distributed into the required number of syringes or vials. In this case, the use of remote manipulation is very important. Often, various modifications are used as a sampler.
Unified tariff and qualification reference book of jobs and professions of workers (ETKS), 2019
Issue No. 9. Occupations of workers of nuclear power plants ETKS
The issue was approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated October 3, 2005 N 614
Hot camera operator
§ 2. Operator of the "hot" chamber of the 6th category
Description of works... Investigation of the state of high-level equipment, nuclear fuel, materials, products in a "hot" chamber. Remote control of the milling machine, tilter, lifting and other equipment of the "hot" chamber from stationary or mobile control panels using a manipulator. Delivery of investigated equipment, fuel, materials, products, as well as portable measuring instruments to the "hot" chamber, preparing them for research. Inspection, repair, cutting, sample cutting. Determination of geometric dimensions and placement of samples in protective containers. Mechanical testing of samples and their metallographic study. Checking the tightness of the cladding of the fuel elements. Participation in the repair of the "hot" chamber equipment, used devices and tools. Decontamination of equipment and premises of the "hot" chamber. Collection of radioactive waste.
Must know: device, operating principle, technical characteristics of the "hot" chamber equipment, measuring instruments for mechanical tests and metallographic studies, radiometric equipment; rules for mechanical testing of samples and their metallographic examination; methods for monitoring the tightness of the cladding of fuel elements; methods of decontamination of equipment and premises of the "hot" chamber and types of decontamination solutions used; rules for working with radioactive substances; rules for the use of personal protective equipment; purpose and rules for the use of hermetic suits.
Secondary vocational education is required.
Comments on the profession
The given tariff and qualification characteristics of the profession " Hot camera operator»Serve for the tariffication of work and the assignment of tariff categories in accordance with Article 143 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the above job characteristics and the requirements for professional knowledge and skills, the job description of the operator of the "hot" chamber is drawn up, as well as the documents required for interviewing and testing when hiring. When drawing up work (job) instructions, pay attention to the general provisions and recommendations for this release of the ETKS (see.
a sealed chamber made using shielding materials, equipped with a remote tool, controlled from the outside, with the help of which operations with radioactive materials and products are performed in it.
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- - a device for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by converting it into electrical signals proportional to the dose rate or the dose of ionizing radiation ...
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- - a complex of premises with zonal planning and special finishing, equipped with hot chambers or sealed boxes, designed to carry out work with radioactive substances of high activity ...
Medical encyclopedia
- - a device mounted on a glass slide, providing the ability to carry out various micromanipulations with an object viewed under a microscope ...
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- - microchamber in the shape of the letter "Ш" for intravital microscopy of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbes ...
Medical encyclopedia
- - a device for counting under a microscope the number of objects invisible to the naked eye, per unit volume of their suspension. Burker - see Burker counting chamber. Goryaeva - see Goryaeva counting chamber ...
Medical encyclopedia
- - an installation for a long-term study of the gas exchange of a person or an animal, which was a sealed chamber equipped with devices for the automatic supply of oxygen, absorption of carbon dioxide ...
Medical encyclopedia
- - s, w. 1. Premises for special purposes in some institutions. Disinfection chamber. □ The father took the suitcases from the storage room. Let's go to the car ...
Small academic dictionary
- - s, w. pestilence A room on sailing and steam warships for storing explosives and rifle cartridges ...
Small academic dictionary
- - ...
Russian verbal stress
- - ...
Russian verbal stress
"Hot camera" in books
Hunchback
From the book Memory of a Dream [Poems and Translations] the author Puchkova Elena OlegovnaHunchback Ask or do not ask, - spoke the silent man. At midnight, the zenith shines. Ten bright moons. Sharpen your knives on your neighbor - After all, the neighbor is wild, like a Hun ... In Hellas, in India, on Crete, a hunchback lived calmly. We opened our arms to him And loudly admired the article, As if a hump
Hunchback
author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitStomenov (Hunchback)
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitStomenov (Hunchback)
Hunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitHunchback
From the book Protocols of the sorcerer Stomenov part II author Tsenyov VitThe huntress and the hunchback
From the book by Diane de Poitiers by Erlange PhilipThe Huntress and the Hunchback The only thing we know about Diana's mother is that she gave birth to two sons and three daughters14 and died young. There is only one accurate testimony relating to Diana's childhood: when she was six years old, her father took her hunting. From the earliest years, the one who
Hunchback
From the book At the beginning of life (pages of memoirs); Articles. Speeches. Notes. Memories; Prose of different years. the author Marshak Samuil YakovlevichHunchback And not far from us was a church, tall, white. Several times a day she called loudly and loudly. Her ringing seemed to fill the entire space between heaven and earth. And our place was quiet. Only the roosters were singing in the yards, and the people were talking across the street, and the vulture
The hunchback climbed the ladder
From the book Wow Russia the author Moskvina Tatiana VladimirovnaThe hunchback climbed the ladder And put out the sun ... Christ walked along the dark alleys yesterday, He asked everyone about someone, He was carrying something to someone ... What a miracle, what a charm were these Russian intelligent ladies born in the second half of the nineteenth centuries and
Hunchback
From the book of Proverbs-Motivators for Every Day for Happiness and Good Luck the author Tsymburskaya Elena V.Hunchback A man lived in one village. He was a walking kindness. Helping others was his business. But he had one defect. Under a long black cloak, which he wore, without taking off, all year round, there was a large hump on his back. His face was beautiful, but the hump was deformed
HOT CAMERA
a sealed chamber made using shielding materials, equipped with a remote tool, controlled from the outside, with the help of which operations with radioactive materials and products are performed in it.
Medical terms.
2012See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what a HOT CAMERA is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- HOT CAMERA
chamber, box for work with highly radioactive substances (irradiated fuel elements, samples of materials and structural elements of the core, etc.). ... - CAMERA in the Essential Guide to Weapons:
COMBUSTION - an element of a jet engine in the form of a reservoir in which combustion occurs ... - CAMERA in the Automotive Jargon Dictionary:
- air-pumped rubber casing of a wheel under ... - CAMERA in the Thieves Jargon Dictionary:
-BALABOLKA is a distributor in ... - CAMERA in the One-Volume Large Law Dictionary:
1) a special purpose room (for example, a storage room, a prison room); 2) a synonym for the concept of a chamber (parliament, court). e.g. international ... - CAMERA in the Big Legal Dictionary:
- 1> premises for special purposes (e.g. storage room, prison room); 2> a synonym for the concept of a chamber (parliament, court). For example, K. International ... - CAMERA in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(late lat. camera - ward room), 1) a separate room, a special purpose room (eg, luggage storage). 2) Closed space in any ... - CAMERA
(physical) - means the actual room (camere), generally a closed room and then a box. K. obscura (obscura - dark). K. clara (clara ... - CAMERA
[latin camera vault, room, chamber, from the Greek kamare vault, everything under the vault] 1) special premises in various state ... - CAMERA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
s, g. 1. Premises for special purposes. K. storage. Prison room || Wed Kazemat, punishment cell. 2. Closed space in some n. device, ... - CAMERA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KAMEPA, -s, f. 1. Separate room, special purpose premises. Disinfection room for hand luggage storage. Prison room 2. Closed space ... - CAMERA
Ќ COMBUSTION CHAMBER, an enclosed space intended for the combustion of fuel (gaseous, liquid, solid). There are periodic. (for example, in reciprocating internal combustion engines) and ... - CAMERA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ЌCAMERA WITH A RUNNING BEAM TV broadcasting TV. a device in which the object of transmission (usually a film frame, photograph, etc.) is illuminated by a narrow beam ... - CAMERA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
AMERA (late lat. Camera - room, ward), dep. room, special purpose room (e.g. K. luggage storage). Closed space in k.-l. car, ... - CAMERA in the Complete Accentuated Paradigm by Zaliznyak:
ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ka measure, ... - CAMERA in the Popular Explanatory and Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-y, w. 1) Isolated room for special purposes. Luggage office. Prison cell. Kunstkamera. 2) those. Closed space inside the device, apparatus, ... - CAMERA in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
Not a luxury for ... - CAMERA in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords.
- CAMERA in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
Syn: ... - CAMERA in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(lat. camera vault, room) 1) special room. destination (e.g., storage room, prison room); 2) the name of certain state ones, more often ... - CAMERA in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[1. room special. destination (e.g., storage room, prison room); 2. the name of certain state, more often judicial institutions (because bringing to trial ... - CAMERA in the Thesaurus of the Russian language:
Syn: ... - CAMERA in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
see room, ... - CAMERA in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
Syn: ... - CAMERA in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
f. 1) a) Premises for special purposes. b) A room in a prison for prisoners. 2) Closed space, a cavity inside a l. device, machine, ... - CAMERA in the Dictionary of the Russian language Lopatin:
to `camera, ... - CAMERA in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
camera, ... - CAMERA in the Spelling Dictionary:
to `camera, ... - CAMERA in the Ozhegov Russian Language Dictionary:
air-inflated rubber shell (under the tire, ball). chamber is a closed space inside any apparatus, structure, machine, as well as a closed cavity ... - CAMERA in Dahl's Dictionary:
wives , lat. room, peace; | presence place, thought, court, meeting; Ward; parliament; a popular assembly or a meeting of elected representatives of the estates. ... - CAMERA in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(late lat. camera - room, ward), 1) a separate room, a special purpose room (eg, luggage storage). 2) Closed space in any ... - CAMERA in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ushakov:
cameras, f. (Latin camera - room). 1. An isolated room for special purposes in various government or public institutions. Trial Chamber. Hospital ... - CAMERA in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
camera w. 1) a) Premises for special purposes. b) A room in a prison for prisoners. 2) Closed space, a cavity inside a l. device, ... - SATURN'S PLANETARY Satellites in the Handbook of Miracles, Unusual Phenomena, UFOs and more:
known thanks to telescopic observations of 10 space bodies and 7 more satellites, which became known after spacecraft flights to ... - PETROV POST
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Petrov fast is one of four fasting for many days. Begins a week after the feast of the Holy Trinity ... - VOSTORGOV IVAN IVANOVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Vostorgov Ivan Ivanovich (1867 - 1918), archpriest, hieromartyr. Commemoration of August 23, ... - HERCEN ALEXANDER IVANOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia.
- STAMPING in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
the process of processing metals by pressure, in which the shaping of the part is carried out in a specialized tool - a stamp; a kind of forging and stamping production. ... - GALACTIC NEBULIES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
galactic, luminous or dark clouds of interstellar gas and dust (see. Interstellar medium). There are diffuse T. g., Planetary T. ... - SOLAR POWER PLANT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
a power plant, a solar plant that captures solar radiation and converts its energy into thermal or electrical energy. Respectively distinguish between thermal and electrical ... - ROLLING PRODUCTION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
production, obtaining by rolling of steel and other metals of various products and semi-finished products, as well as their additional processing for the purpose of ... - VOLUME PUNCHING in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
stamping, the technological process of forging and stamping production, which consists in changing the simplest volumetric workpieces (cylindrical, prismatic, etc. shapes) into more ... - PAINT COATINGS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
coatings, coatings that are formed as a result of film formation (drying) of paints and varnishes applied to the surface of products. The main purpose of L. p. - ... - WATERPROOFING in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from hydro ... and insulation), protection of building structures, buildings and structures from the penetration of water (anti-filtration G.) or the material of structures from harmful ... - WATER HEATING in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
heating, the most common heating system used in modern residential, public and industrial buildings; heat is transferred to the heated premises by hot water ... - Nitrocellulose
- OIL OF VITRIOL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron.
- BATH IN MEDICAL RELATIONS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
The skin is one of the most important organs of our body, and taking care of its normal functions is an urgent need not ...
hot camera- karštoji kamera statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. hot cave; hot cell; hot chamber vok. heiße Kammer, f; heiße Zelle, f rus. hot camera, f pranc. cellule chaude, f; cellule de haute activité, f… Fizikos terminų žodynas
A sealed chamber made with the use of shielding materials, equipped with a remote instrument controlled from the outside, with the help of which operations with radioactive materials and products are carried out in it ... Comprehensive Medical Dictionary
A room for working with radioactive in you high activity without the presence of a person. G. to. Has biol. protection, equipped with a protective viewing window, manipulators for remote control. work and a number of instruments, devices and devices in ... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary
HOT PRESSING CHAMBER- look under pressure ... Metallurgical Dictionary
calorimeter (attached hot chamber)- 3.11 calorimeter (attached hot chamber): A spatial structure in the form of a box with one open surface with walls insulated with an effective heat-insulating material, lined inside with a reflective sheet material ...
highly active substance chamber- hot cell - [A.S. Goldberg. The English Russian Energy Dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general Synonyms hot chamber EN hot chamberHC ...
radiation shielding chamber- protective chamber Ndp. hot chamber Radiation protective technological equipment, which is a stationary shelter, which is part of the building and is lined with materials that do not absorb radioactive substances to a sufficient degree ... ... Technical translator's guide
Radiation Shielding Chamber- 3. Radiation protective chamber Protective chamber NDP. Hot cell Radiation protective technological equipment, which is a stationary shelter, which is part of the building and is lined with materials that absorb radioactive ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
Television transmission camera, Television camera, Television camera, TV camera, Transmitting camera is an electronic or electromechanical device used to convert the light reflected from the object of photography into a television analog ... ... Wikipedia
