Presentation in English on the topic: Traditional skinheads. Skinhead movement Presentation on the theme of skinheads

The work of a 9th grade student Sharov Nikolay

Is the skinhead movement a patriotic movement?

Skinheads, colloquial skins (eng. skinheads, from skin - skin and head - head) - the collective name of representatives of the youth subculture, as well as several of its branches. The first mentions of skinheads in the press and music are found in England in the late 60s of the XX century. One of the first names for the subculture was "Hard Mods". The skinheads of the 60s had style in common with the mod subculture, as well as with the Jamaican rudboys.

The appearance of skinheads largely repeats the appearance of mods: Fred Perry and Ben Sherman polo and sweaters, Levi's jeans, classic Crombie coat and Dr. Martens boots, but it also has its own characteristics. Plaid shirts, denim jackets, thin suspenders and rolled up jeans (the latter have become a kind of "calling card" of the style).Long mod jackets are gone.

Jamaican music appeared in England with the first immigrants from Jamaica in the early 1960s. New music from the former British colony was favored by fashion, which was later adopted by the skinheads. In the late 70s and early 80s, the music of Oi became popular! - the further development of punk rock. Music

Symbolism 1. Celtic cross 2. Odal 3. Aryan fist 4. Iron cross 5. Zig 6. Dead head

Celtic cross - an equal beam cross with a circle. It is a characteristic symbol of Celtic Christianity, although it has more ancient pagan roots. In the 80s of the XX century, the Celtic cross became a symbol of White Power - a movement of white racists and NS skinheads. Odal (ᛟ) (Old German Oþila - “heritage”, Anglo-Saxon Oeþel) is the 24th rune of the Old Germanic and the 23rd rune of the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets. The Odal rune is depicted on the emblem of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen", the 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" and on the flag of the Croatian Volksdeutsche. The Iron Cross is a Prussian and German military award. Instituted by Friedrich Wilhelm III on March 10, 1813 for military distinction in the war for the liberation of Germany from Napoleon. The dead head is a symbol of death and at the same time fearlessness in front of her face in the form of a skull with bones (usually white or silver on a black background). This symbol is also used by some modern neo-Nazi organizations such as Combat 18.

Different Directions of Movement Traditional Skinheads emerged as a reaction to the emergence of pro-political offshoots from the original subculture. They follow the image of the first skinheads - devotion to the subculture, memory of the roots (family, working class), apoliticality. The unofficial slogan is "Remember the Spirit of 69", as it is believed that in 1969 the skinhead movement was at its peak. Closely associated with ska and reggae music, as well as contemporary Oi! music. R.A.S.H. (Eng. Red & Anarchist Skinheads) - "Red" and anarcho-skinheads who inherited the ideas of socialism, communism, anarchism from the "native" working class. pro-political movement.

Hardcore skinheads are an offshoot of skinheads that is mostly associated with the hardcore scene, not Oi! and ska. Hardcore skinheads became common at the end of the first wave of hardcore. They retained the ideas of their predecessors and had no racial prejudice. S.H.A.R.P. (eng. Skinheads Against Racial Prejudices) - "Skinheads Against Racial Prejudices." They appeared in America in the 1980s as a reaction to the stereotype that arose in the media that all skinheads were Nazis. They gave TV and radio interviews, where they talked about the true values and ideas of the skinhead movement. They used forceful actions against the NS skinheads.

NS skinheads (English White Power skinheads or English National Socialist skinheads) - appeared in England in the first half of the 70s. Adhere to right-wing ideologies, nationalists or racists, some advocate the idea of racial separatism and the superiority of the white race (the so-called White Power). Due to the fact that racist views are contrary to the original spirit of the movement, other representatives of the subculture insultingly refer to NS skinheads as boneheads (boneheads).

It's just about the NS-skinheads, of which there are quite a lot in our country. NS skinheads position themselves as a national liberation movement and fight for the ideas of the superiority of the white, Aryan race, while striving for racial separatism. NS skinheads are extreme racists, anti-Semites and xenophobes, opponents of illegal immigration, mixed marriages and sexual deviations, especially homosexuality. The subject of hostility in Russia is blacks and Asians, as well as people from the Caucasus and Central Asia, less often - to natives North Caucasus and the Volga region.

NS skinheads consider themselves defenders of the interests of the working class, in some cases citing the fact that newcomers take jobs. This point is far from the most important in the ideology of neo-Nazis in general, and in particular the NS skinheads, gradually disappearing, just as it was in the NSDAP, where the socialist part of the ideology gradually faded into the background and later completely lost its significance. Being members of right-wing radical movements, NS skinheads are supporters of extreme measures with the use of violence (usually in a particularly cruel form), which is usually interpreted as extremism. Many of them are close to the idea of revolution, that is, a coup d'état in order to establish the National Socialist regime.

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A particle of history. Have you ever met the groups of young people with shaved heads wearing the black jeans and jackets without collars, army boots and the badges of slavery confederation? They are skinheads. Nobody writes about them but the skinheads became the legend among the adolescents in different cities. Adults don't try to notice them like the representatives of law. That's why it's one of the most important problem nowadays. Where did this movement come from? When and where did the skins appear? I think, the majority of our population don't know the answers on these questions. The first skinheads appeared in England in 1968-69s. They didn't have any in common with the rebellious skinheads of our generation. They differed a lot. the skins of “the first wave” were the British worker’s subculture. They came up against an official bourgeois culture and counterculture of the 60s. The young from worker's districts considered that the British counterculture was a desire of mother's darlings from the middle class families and the rich families too. It was the entertainment for the rich to pretend that they were against bourgeois society. The skinheads chose the own style of clothes to cut a dash out of crowds. The most interesting fact is that the first skinheads loved and respected the black people. They listened to black's music like west –Indian and Jamaica's style of music called blue beat in England. The favorite singers were nigroes. Normally the skins discovered and made Bob Marley the world star. The black men and the skinheads lived together, worked at the same plants, studied at the same schools. They fought with the bourgeois children together.

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The second wave The skinheads of “the second wave” existed in England in the end of the 70s years. It was a product of punk's corruption from one side and the result of an economical crisis from the other. Living in difficult time during the unemployed period among the rebellions and violence the skinheads began to fight with the same adolescents of another districts at the streets. Since the end of the 70s years in Britain the fascist ideology had been acting. Fascists became an instance for skinheads quickly. They began an active work with them. The fascists gave money for arranging skin-clubs and skins started to sing the frank racist songs, created own music in the style “oi”. Soon they changed into national skins. Their lotto was “Keep Britain White”. Later the such subculture made a progress in many European countries and the USA too. The main place of this movement in Europe was Germany. In differ from British and American skins who simply beat the black and Asian men the German were famous of killing. Very quickly German skin society converted into the most political group.

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Russian skinheads The first Russian skinheads appeared in the beginning of the 90s years in Moscow. They were about ten people in the capital and 5 in Saint-Petersburg. Their behavior was quietly making the demonstrations of themselves in the center of the city. The first skins were a clean product of adolescent imitated the west model. It had been lasting until the beginning of 1994 suddenly in this time the skins had been becoming numerous and noticeable phenomenon for several weeks. Outwardly it was connected with the political occurrences in the country showing the young generation that the most convenient argument in any discussion was violence. Police’s terror in the streets of Moscow, ethnical riddance made big influence on the young minds. Having seen how police and solders robbed and beat by foot the people of unsuitable looks with impunity and heard the “patriotic talks” of Moscow’s government the bad adolescents of sleeping districts and from unfortunate families found the samples for imitation quickly. And the Chechnya's war assisted the growth of skins either. Nobody fought with them. As long as the police was getting rid of Caucasians the skinheads like cowards chose their victims among the residents from Middle Asia or from the countries of “the third world "". At first they were black men and Asian people. Historical centers of skins' movement in Russia were Moscow, Saint-Petersburg and Novgorod. Moscow's skins set upon the Africans and the Indians, Saint-Petersburg's skins attacked the Africans, the Neapolitans, the Chinese, in Novgorod the victims became the residents of Middle Asian like the refugees from Tajikistan.

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The skins’ growth in Russia In the atmosphere of permission the skins’ movement had been growing without restrictions and reached the noticeable size. Nowadays it goes on. For example, there were 3500-4000 skins in Moscow in 1999 Without a doubt not only political events impacted the skins prosperity. Two important factors made the base for rapid growth and skins existence among the young in Russia. They were economic crisis and the break up of the educational system. Since 1991 disastrous economical reductions had changed millions of the Russians into unemployed people. Formally many of them weren't considered to be unemployed but in fact they existed. The enterprises also stopped to produce goods working 1-2 days a week or 2-3 month a year. The laborers couldn't get the salary for a year. Majority population having middle incomes became the beggars. All of that was the reason of psychological catastrophe. For decades of soviet experience people had got accustomed to ensuring occupation, state’s power in education, health care system and other social programs. For example, symbolic price on the main products, childish goods, residents service, public transports. Having lost an usual lifestyle the Russians were becoming wild very quickly. Crimes, alcohol and drugs filled the country. Parents thought how to survive in such a world and didn’t pay attention to the children’s upbringing. The rough houses and violence in the family was a normal occurrence.

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Nowadays At the same time with the ruins of the economy the break-up of education and upbringing in Russia was going on and leading to the second psychological catastrophe. The consequences of it was a new Russian generation. The main feature for them was the disconnection with traditions, common values and social rules. While parents were becoming wild, their children are wild too. In differ from the adults who were trying to keep family and decide some problems the children of reforms without of social experience of growing-up were turning into head of amoral, selfish, greedy, evil and dull society. Of course, such atmosphere assisted in growing the adolescent delinquency, alcoholism, drugs, epidemic of illnesses like AIDS and others. The system of out school education was removed. The houses of culture, the pioneer’s houses which took up the leisure of pupils found the talented boys and girls helped them to develop their abilities disappeared. Unfortunately, organizations’ premises were bought by businessmen who rebuilt it into expensive night clubs, casinos, restaurant for the rich. The children's clubs were eliminated and passed away. Pupils were represented by themselves at free time after school and became the victims of criminal world. A big amount of youth bangs created in cities which after a while turned into the skinheads bangs. Every bang came up against “strangers” and without doubt the black men were strangers for them too. The Russian skinheads are a products of social changes in the country. We see that the skins’ bang appeared nominally in the big developed cities, where the main wealth had bee concentrating for the last years. Looking at the officials and criminals the poor adolescents were jealous and hated them, but they were afraid to set upon new Russian businessmen due to their security.

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Why led their hatred to the most accessible people- foreigners. In the town the plants and factories suffered from the deep crisis connected with these enterprises. The skins weren't there, but the varied youth's bangs were. In these towns all the population was poor. There weren't any reasons to hate new businessmen who didn't live there. the hatred was summoned by boriness and jobless life. our skins imitated the western model of clothes. The specific treat of Russian skins is love the slavery confederation's flag put on the sleeve or on the back of their braziers. Nowadays it is also very popular to wear the stripes like a cross or a portrayal of Hitler, number 88 or letters WP (means White Power). The skins usually don't carry any weapons and guns with themselves because they don't want to come sb's attention but they use the belts with metal buckles in the fights and battles. The latest “cry” of skins-fashion is decoration their belts with bonds which make these knuckle- duster very dangerous. Our skins are adherents of musical style “oi” like western nation-skins. Western red-skins generally listen to punk music, post-punk, trash or art-rock, jazz-rock. Many of them prefer Pink Floyd and Ganry. Majority of them create musical skin’s group in Moscow as “Conquest”, “White dog”, Vandal”, “crack” and others. But the most famous group is punk oi group “Terror”. Nominally members of “Terror” establish the trends in Russian musical skin culture. Only two groups from Saint-Petersburg and Jaroslavl are opponents for Muscovites. At first they were called “Tottenkopf” but later in 1996 year “Tottenkopf” was shorten like TNF and after several time this abbreviation was interpreted like “Terror National Front”. The texts of skins’ songs as usual are quite primitive and don’t make a strong impression despite their aggression.

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the skins songs There are many Caucasian Nigroes raised their heads, But for our streets, For our girls in the disco Against nigro and Asian For the Russian nation. Neither policy nor perfect-patriot Skinheads go forward! Black bomber, evil wind Skin head. There won’t be mosque There will be Russian scene Kill without forgiving All Caucasian’s things We are for Russian order For our children’s lifes. Without a doubt such a text is a reason beginning the criminal affair, but where anybody tried to take to court one of these groups. This text in comparison with another is very moderate and a sample of high “literature”.

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Our skins deal with their western “brothers” actively. The skins’ press also exists: the magazines “White resistance”, “Stop”, “I’m white”, “Street fighter”. The ultra right sites in Internet are specially considered for skins including “Russian mirror” of American skinheads site “Storm front”. Major skins are gathered in little bangs the place of their living or study (80% per cent of them are pupils from the 9th-11th forms, students of colleges, or the unemployed who aren't political organizations. But in Moscow two political severe skinheads organizations work called “Skin legion" and " Blood and Honor"- Russian (have 100-150 members). Members of each group make gossips that hundreds of people join them. Many other simple skins believe it and are jealious and respect them. In spite of them there are few decent skins group for example “Russian aim” and nation-skin-girls group “Russian girls”

The origin of the movement The first skinheads appeared in England in the autumn of 1968, originally it was an offshoot of the mod movement. They were tough guys who equally hated both young bourgeois majors and relaxed hippie drug addicts. , wearing loose suit jackets and badges of banned parties One day in 1969, a fight broke out between skinheads and marines in a London port tavern. The first battle for the skinheads ended in heavy losses. After that, the skins cut off their collars, narrowed their trousers, took off their badges, and shod their legs in heavy army boots

The appearance of skins was a consequence of the decomposition of the punk movement and the economic crisis. This is a subculture of guys from the working outskirts - economically depressed areas of the country. These guys had no prospects: they knew that there was no work and there would not be, there was no money and there would not be. The only entertainment was to fight with other such the same, but from the neighboring area

CLOTHES Everything in the skins' clothing is strictly functional, adapted for a street fight: Tight black jeans, cheap, durable, on which dirt and blood are poorly visible Heavy lace-up army boots with thick soles, comfortable for running and serving as a weapon in a fight Short jackets - bombers - so that the enemy has nothing to grab onto Shaved or cut to zero head so that the enemy cannot grab by the hair No glasses, badges, bags, shoulder straps - nothing that prevents you from dodging from the hands of the enemy

First actions Since the mid-70s, neo-fascists have become more active in the UK. The National Front (NF) and other ultra-rightists staged street processions and attacked people of color (Asians, Africans, immigrants from the West Indies) , the ranks of the NF grew rapidly, the front even won in some places in the municipal elections For skinheads, neo-fascists quickly became a role model. On the other hand, neo-fascists began to actively work among skinheads. The Nazis gave money for the creation of skin clubs Amateur skin groups began to sing songs with openly racist lyrics. The favorite slogan of the skins was "Keep Britain white!" This is what the slogan looked like in English Kip Britin vait!

Russian skinheads A feature of Russian skins is their love for the flag of the slave-owning Confederation during the war between North and South in the USA, usually sewn on the sleeve or, if the patch is large, on the back of the jacket. There are also patches in the form of a swastika, a portrait of Hitler, the number 88 (that is, “Heit Hitler!) or the letters WP (“White Power”) They do not carry weapons with them, but in fights they use belts with a weighted buckle wound around their arm skinmods - decorate the belt with a supposedly decorative chain (in fact, the chain makes this impromptu brass knuckles more dangerous)

Music The first skinheads listened to ska, which evolved into pub rock as it was played in beer pubs. It was hard, simple, early rock'n'roll based melodies. The synthesis of pub rock and punk produced an original skin music called "Oi!" - evil music of street children, returning to the aggressive roots of punk rock

Attitude towards other subcultures The most friendly relations with bikers With metalheads and punks, communication ranges from moderately peaceful to mild hostility. The main enemies are rappers and ravers. Rappers are hated for imitating the Negro culture, which is completely alien to us.

Activity In 1991, in the German city of Hoyerswerda, neo-fascists and skinheads, armed with knives and gas pistols, destroyed the hostel of Vietnamese and Mozambican refugees. In 1992, this happened on an even larger scale. The population of the country sharply opposed outbreaks of national and racial intolerance. In response to the attacks of neo-fascists, more than 400 thousand people with candles, torches and flashlights in their hands formed a 45-kilometer chain in Munich, expressing their protest against racism and violence. The demonstration was supported by hundreds of demonstrations across Germany

Sources and literature

Appearance The appearance of skinheads largely repeats the appearance of houses: Fred Perry and Ben Sherman polo and sweaters, Levi's jeans, classic Crombie coat and Dr. Martens boots, but it also has its own characteristics. The main appearance was added: plaid shirts, denim jackets, thin suspenders and rolled-up jeans (the latter have become a kind of “calling card” of the style. Long jackets of the houses have disappeared.

The Celtic cross is equal to the radial cross with a circle. It is a characteristic symbol of Celtic Christianity, although it has more ancient pagan roots. In the 80s of the XX century, the Celtic cross became a symbol of the White Power of the movement of white racists and NS skinheads Odal () (Old German Oyila “heritage”, Anglo-Saxon Oeyuel) The 24th rune of the Old Germanic and the 23rd rune Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets. The Odal rune is depicted on the emblem of the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen", the 23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" and on the flag of the Croatian Volksdeutsche. Iron Cross Prussian and German military award. Established by Friedrich Wilhelm III on March 10, 1813 for military distinctions in the war for the liberation of Germany from Napoleon. The dead head is a symbol of death and at the same time fearlessness in front of her face in the form of a skull with bones (usually white or silver on a black background). This symbol is also used by some modern neo-Nazi organizations such as Combat 18.

Different Directions of Movement Traditional Skinheads emerged as a reaction to the emergence of pro-political offshoots from the original subculture. Devotion to the subculture, memory of the roots (family, working class), apoliticality follow the image of the first skinheads. Unofficial slogan "Remember the Spirit of 69", as it is believed that in 1969 the skinhead movement was at its peak. Closely associated with ska and reggae music, as well as modern music Oi R.A.S.H. (Eng. Red & Anarchist Skinheads) "Red" and anarcho-skinheads who inherited the ideas of socialism, communism, anarchism from the "native" working class. The pro-political Hardcore Skinhead movement is an offshoot of the skinheads that is mostly associated with the hardcore scene, not Oi! and ska. Hardcore skinheads became common at the end of the first wave of hardcore. They retained the ideas of their predecessors and had no racial prejudice.

NS skinheads (English White Power skinheads or English National Socialist skinheads) appeared in England in the first half of the 70s. Adhere to right-wing ideologies, nationalists or racists, some advocate the idea of racial separatism and the superiority of the white race (the so-called White Power). Due to the fact that racist views are contrary to the original spirit of the movement, other representatives of the subculture insultingly refer to NS skinheads as boneheads (boneheads).

It will be just about the NS skinheads, of which there are quite a lot in our country NS skinheads position themselves as a national liberation movement and fight for the ideas of the superiority of the white, Aryan race, while striving for racial separatism NS skinheads are extreme racists, anti-Semites and xenophobes , opponents of illegal immigration, mixed marriages and sexual deviations, especially homosexuality. The object of hostility in Russia is blacks and Asians, as well as people from the Caucasus and Central Asia, less often to the natives of the North Caucasus and the Volga region

Russian skinheads A feature of Russian skinheads is the love for the flag of the slave-owning Confederation during the war between North and South in the USA, usually sewn on the sleeve or, if the patch is large, on the back of the jacket. There are also patches in the form of a swastika, a portrait of Hitler, the number 88 (that is, " Heit Hitler!) or the letters WP ("White Power") They do not carry weapons, but in fights they use belts with a weighted buckle wound around their hand. brass knuckles more dangerous)

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Skinheads, colloquial skins (English skinheads, from skin - skin and head - head) - the collective name of representatives of the youth subculture, as well as several of its branches. The first mentions of skinheads in the press and music are found in England in the late 60s of the XX century. One of the first names for the subculture was "Hard Mods". The skinheads of the 60s had style in common with the mod subculture, as well as with the Jamaican rudboys.

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