Non-verbal communication in the work of a doctor. Non-verbal communication in medicine Verbal and non-verbal communication in the activity of a doctor

Introduction 3
Chapter I. The concept of non-verbal communication 6
Chapter II. Types and types of non-verbal communication 9
2.1. Fonation tools 9
2.2. Optical and kinetic means 12
2.3. Sign-symbolic means 18
2.4. Tactile aids 20
2.5. Space-time means 23
Chapter III. The role of non-verbal communication in medicine 26
3.1. Specificity of professional communication26
3.2. The specifics of interpersonal communication in the professional activity of a health worker 28
3.3. Communication barriers 29
3.4. The phenomenon of communicative influence 30
3.5. The existence of verbal and non-verbal levels of information transfer 31
Conclusion 35
Bibliography 37
Appendix 39

Introduction

A person leads a social lifestyle, so it is impossible to imagine him outside of society. It is important for any person to establish contact with the interlocutor. Communication is the transfer of information from person to person - a specific form of interaction between people in the processes of their cognitive - labor activity. Without a doubt, knowing the laws helps people communicate with each other. But we should not forget that, according to anthropologists and ethologists, information conveyed by words is only about 7% of the total amount of information received by a person, while non-verbal signals account for 93%.
The relevance of this course topic is based on the fact that the doctor must be well versed in the psychology of the patient. Patient satisfaction with treatment largely depends on whether the communication with the doctor was positive. The patient will always seek sympathy and respect in the eyes of the doctor. He wants to freely express his thoughts and be confident in the confidentiality of the conversation. Since gestures, body position and facial expression most fully reflect the state, thoughts, feelings of a person, the doctor must be able to use body language and not only read his patient, but also with the help of non-verbal tools to attract the patient to himself. For example, posture conveys confidence, a guide to the patient, we show interest, distance plays an important role: you should not be too close to the patient. Many patients hide emotions out of fear or unwillingness to talk about their illness, but if the doctor knows how to correctly interpret facial expressions and facial expressions, then he will be able to recognize them.
The object of work is the process of non-verbal communication between people, in particular between a medical professional and a patient.
The subject of the course work is the content, types, main elements, the specifics of non-verbal communications.
The purpose of this course work is to reveal the essence of non-verbal communications and their significance for medical professionals.
Based on the purpose of this course work, the following tasks can be distinguished:
1. to study the work of scientists engaged in the research of non-verbal communication;
2. Analyze and explain the meaning of the basic elements of non-verbal communication;
3. to reveal the relevance of this topic.
When writing the work, the following works were mainly considered: M.L. Butovskaya “Body Language: Nature and Culture” (M., 2004), Desmond Morris “The Bible of Body Language” (Translated from English. M., 2009) and G. Kreidlin “Non-verbal semiotics: body language and natural language” (M ., 2002).
M.L. Butovskaya in her book for the first time and most fully in the domestic scientific literature provides an overview of the evolutionary foundations of human non-verbal communication. The book presents the most modern theories of evolutionary psychology and provides materials obtained in recent years by domestic and foreign experts, including the author of the book personally. The significance of this publication is primarily in the fact that it is actually the only Russian-language scientific reliable book dedicated to human ethology. Each discussed ideas is supported by many facts, the book is abundantly illustrated and supplied with a large list of literary sources.
Desmond Morris, combining a scientific approach with a clear presentation, dwells in great detail on each of the many types of hidden body signs, ...

1. Boluchevskaya, V.V., Povlyukova, A.M., Physician communication: verbal and non-verbal communication (lecture). 2) [electronic resource] // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. scientific. magazine 2011. No. 2 URL: http: // medpsy.ru.

In professions associated with human-human interaction, orientation towards the other as an equal participant in the interaction is of great importance. The ability for a humanistic, moral reaction in the professional activity of a medical worker is especially important. Since the object and at the same time the subject of interaction is a person, and the nature of knowledge is applied, then a high measure of personal responsibility for the results of their activities is required from health workers.

The foundations of psychological knowledge are necessary for medical workers due to the fact that they contribute to an attentive and interested attitude of people towards each other in treatment and prevention activities, the resulting mutual trust, the ability to participate, empathy, empathy and, consequently, mutual understanding. The latter is also necessary because the medical worker and the patient together solve the same problem - maintaining health, preventing and treating diseases, which implies their cooperation and interaction, that is, active communication.

Competently established psychological contact with the patient helps to collect anamnesis more accurately, to get a fuller and deeper understanding of the patient. This significantly increases the efficiency in solving the assigned tasks of the medical worker. In the system of interpersonal communication, non-verbal communication is very important, which is associated with the mental states of a person and serves as a means of expressing them.

More than half of the attention is paid to non-verbal accompaniment of speech. A. Meyerabian's studies have shown that in the daily act of human communication, words make up 7%, sounds and intonations 38%, non-verbal interaction 55%. The situation when the ability to “read” the non-verbal message of the interlocutor can be considered as a professionally significant quality of the physician and allows for more accurate diagnostics, especially in the behavior of dissimulation, in which the patient deliberately conceals the symptoms of his disease. Analysis of non-verbal behavior makes it possible to identify characteristic mimic reactions to pain, restrained gestures, static postures - signs that indicate the presence of a "protective" style of behavior: the minimum number of movements allows you to limit the impact of pain stimuli.

The presence of non-verbal communication skills is necessary for a medical worker in case of a "language barrier", when a doctor and a patient, speaking different languages, do not understand each other. In this situation, they complement non-verbal communication with the help of gestures, facial expressions, voice intonations. The development of communication skills also requires a situation of express diagnostics, when a doctor must examine a large number of patients in a short period of time. A similar situation develops during natural disasters and social cataclysms (war, revolution, mass migration of refugees).

Non-verbal communication skills can also be useful in professional interactions between a doctor and young children. A child, not possessing developed skills of introspection, often has difficulty in describing the nature of pain, cannot determine it ("stabbing", "cutting", "pressing", "bursting").

Non-verbal behavior can be assessed according to the following main parameters: actually non-verbal behavior (interpersonal distance, mutual arrangement of interlocutors, postures, gestures, facial expressions and gaze) and paralinguistic components of communication (sighs, groans, yawns, coughs) - all the sounds that a person utters, but not speech, as well as such characteristics of speech as the volume of the voice, its tempo and rhythm, pauses.

In order for the process of the relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional to be effective, it is necessary to study the psychological aspects of their interaction. Medical psychology is interested in the motives and values ​​of the doctor, his idea of ​​the ideal patient, as well as certain expectations of the patient himself from the process of diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation, the behavior of a medical worker. With good contact with medical professionals, the patient is more likely to recover, and the applied treatment has a better effect, much less side effects and complications. One of the foundations of therapeutic activity is the ability of a health worker to understand a sick person. In the process of treatment, an important role is played by the ability to listen to the patient, which seems to be necessary for the formation of contact between him and the health worker. The ability to listen to a sick person not only helps to identify or diagnose a disease to which he may be susceptible, but the listening process itself has a beneficial interaction on psychological contact.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities (profile) of the disease during contact with the patient, since patients of the most diverse profile are located in the therapeutic departments common in clinical medicine. These are, for example, patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, kidneys, etc. And often their painful conditions require long-term treatment, which also affects the process of the relationship between the health worker and the patient. Long-term separation from the family and the usual professional activity, as well as anxiety for their health, cause a complex of various psychogenic reactions in patients.

However, not only these factors affect the psychological atmosphere and condition of the patient. As a result of psychogenia, the course of the underlying somatic illness may become more complicated, which, in turn, worsens the mental state of patients. And, in addition, quite often patients with complaints about the activity of internal organs are under examination and treatment, often without even suspecting that these somatic disorders are of a psychogenic nature.

Thus, the professional activity of a medical worker is inextricably linked with communication as a process of exchange of information, perception and understanding of people each other. Moreover, in their practice, medical workers come into contact with various spheres of human and society life - the sphere of health (physical, mental, social), rights, the education and health care system, preventive work, administrative issues and others. Therefore, in order to achieve maximum efficiency in his professional activity, a physician must be well aware of the patterns and features of the communication process, as well as the reasons for the emergence of barriers in the process of interpersonal interaction.

Bibliographic reference

The first contact with the patient."The diagnostic process for a doctor begins already from the moment the patient appears: his appearance, gait, speech characteristics, etc. However, we must not forget that the patient evaluates the doctor from the first moments. The difference is that if the doctor sees each patient in the background of an endless string of patients, then for the patient the doctor is an unusual, unique person, to whom he entrusts his well-being, or even his life. Therefore, he inquiringly and with special passion studies the doctor. If the patient does not feel better after the first meeting with the doctor, then this is a bad doctor. "

How do you behave in order to pass this picky exam with flying colors? It is easier for an elderly doctor in this respect, his experience, gray hair, fame, title "work" for him: the patient is ready to treat him with confidence in advance. It is more difficult for a young doctor, he must overcome the natural suspicion of inexperience. But don't be discouraged. After all, the patient cannot assess our competence, especially with short communication; it is only available to a professional. The patient studies his doctor, first of all as a person: whether he is kind, attentive, sympathetic, calm or fussy (after all, in any business the master can be seen by his confidence and slowness). Therefore, it is possible for a young doctor to give an initial favorable impression, if only he behaves properly and remembers that he is like an artist on stage: his appearance, gestures and words are constantly, meticulously analyzed and evaluated by the patient.

Let's start with the appearance "they meet by their clothes ...". The patient, as a rule, believes that a good doctor devotes himself entirely to the profession, he does not have the time and interest to follow the latest fashion; the doctor, in his opinion, should be dressed modestly and simply. In addition, medicine is always associated with cleanliness, and in general, is it possible to imagine a slob to be a master of his craft. That is why the doctor must be neat and tidy. This applies to clothing, hairstyles, and the workplace. Even Hippocrates advised: "Wisdom should be perceived as follows: if someone does not have an exquisite and vain adornment, because from a dress - decent and simple, made not for excessive boasting, but for good glory - seriousness and conformity with oneself follow as in thoughts, and "in a gait. What they are in appearance, such are they in reality: they are not inclined to entertainment, they are efficient, they are serious in meetings of people ... "If a young doctor wants to weaken the patient's mistrust of his inexperience, he should not indulge the innocent desire of youth to dress up. what is conspicuous is inappropriate and should remain outside the walls of the hospital ...

Even if you are in a hurry, in no case should the patient feel it: look at the clock while counting the pulse, imperceptibly reduce the questioning and examination to the most important points in this case, agree with the patient about a re-examination at a more convenient time. But if the situation is truly alarming, then it is necessary either to transfer the patient to a colleague, or to completely take care of the patient, abandoning previously scheduled visits, abandoning previously outlined plans. You cannot show your patient your tiredness or discomfort, even if the tiredness is the result of sleepless watch when you saved the life of more than one patient. The Vedas and your current patient also wants to receive no less full-fledged help than others. "(NA Magazannik The Art of Communication with Patients. - M., 1991)

Secondly(see Table 2), non-verbal characteristics of communication (behavior) can help determine the accentuation of the patient's character, draw up a detailed characterization of the personality.

Thirdly(see Table 3), non-verbal cues can provide information about the cultural environment and lifestyle that have had a formative influence on the patient's personality.

“Transcultural issues — that is, those that arise when different culturally determined values ​​and behaviors collide — are just one type of conflict. In the sphere of communication, these conflicts reflect different concepts and problems arising from their intertwining. As noted, members of different cultural communities learn typical traits that affect both their interpersonal relationships and expectations, and their external behavior. In the same way, a person carries his upbringing with him everywhere. On its basis, various systems of relationships and value structures are formed that affect understanding of each other. But they can also provoke conflicts between people and within the person himself. In other words, each person is a tiny, but at the same time half-open system with its own traditions, connected in a certain way with the traditions of his social environment. " (N. Pezeshkian Positive family psychotherapy: Family as a psychotherapist. - M., 1993)

Fourth(see Table 4), orientation in the signals of non-verbal communication allows one to more reliably navigate the patient's states, record signs of latent excitement, pessimism regarding the prospects of treatment, self-doubt, etc.

"Among expressive movements, direct (primary) and mediated (secondary) movements are distinguished. Primary movements are associated with a reflex reaction directly to physical stimulation. For example, when looking at the bright sun, our pupils will necessarily narrow and our eyelids will close. The same will happen with our eyes. , if we begin to recall exactly how some important event took place.In the second case, the secondary movements of the eye muscles are already manifested ...

Do not mistake the reactions of facial expressions to external stimuli for the manifestation of internal psychological states.

One and the same muscle movement can have completely different origins. Any judgment should not be made on the understanding of just one single detail. A conclusion can be built only on the basis of a holistic situation, analyzing manners, ways of human behavior in their totality. Not taking this rule into account is the biggest danger in the practical application of the knowledge gained about the non-verbal side of communication.

First contact with the patient(quoted by NA Magazannik "The art of communicating with the patient". - M., 1991). The diagnostic process for a doctor begins from the moment the patient appears: his appearance, gait, speech characteristics, etc. However, we must not forget that the patient evaluates the doctor from the first moments. The difference is that if a doctor sees each patient against the background of an endless line of patients, then for a patient the doctor is an unusual, unique person, to whom he entrusts his well-being, and even his life. Therefore, he inquiringly and with special passion studies the doctor. The impression he makes is the foundation of the future psychotherapeutic influence. Let us recall the well-known saying: “If the patient did not feel better after the first meeting with the doctor, then he was not at the doctor's office” (VM Bekhterev).

How do you behave in order to pass this picky exam with flying colors? It is easier for an elderly doctor in this respect, his experience, gray hair, fame, title "work" for him: the patient is ready to treat him with confidence in advance. It is more difficult for a young doctor, he must overcome the natural suspicion of inexperience. But don't be discouraged. After all, the patient cannot assess our competence, especially with short communication; it is only available to a professional. The patient studies his doctor, first of all, as a person: is he kind, attentive, sympathetic, calm or fussy (after all, in any business a master is seen by his confidence and slowness). Therefore, it is possible for a young doctor to give an initial favorable impression, if only he behaves properly and remembers that he is like an artist on stage: his appearance, gestures and words are constantly, meticulously analyzed and evaluated by the patient.

Let's start with the appearance "they meet by their clothes ...". The patient, as a rule, believes that a good doctor devotes himself entirely to the profession, he does not have the time and interest to follow the latest fashion; the doctor, in his opinion, should be dressed modestly and simply. In addition, medicine is always associated with cleanliness, and in general, is it possible to imagine a slob to be a master of his craft. That is why the doctor must be neat and tidy. This applies to clothing, hairstyles, and the workplace. Even Hippocrates advised: “Wisdom should be seen as follows: if someone does not have an exquisite and vainglorious adornment, for from a dress - decent and simple, made not for excessive boasting. and for good fame - seriousness and conformity with oneself follows, both in thoughts and in gait. What they are in appearance, so they are in reality: not inclined to entertainment, efficient, serious in meetings of people ... ”If a young doctor wants to weaken the patient's mistrust of his inexperience, he should not indulge the innocent desire of youth to dress up. Everything that is flashy, striking is inappropriate and should remain outside the walls of the hospital ...

Even if you are in a hurry, in no case should the patient feel it: look at the clock while counting the pulse, imperceptibly reduce the questioning and examination to the most important points in this case, agree with the patient about a re-examination at a more convenient time. But if the situation is truly alarming, then it is necessary either to transfer the patient to a colleague, or to completely take care of the patient, abandoning previously scheduled visits, abandoning previously outlined plans. You cannot show your patient your tiredness or discomfort, even if the tiredness is the result of sleepless watch when you saved the life of more than one patient. After all, your current patient also wants to receive no less complete help than others.

Secondly(see materials for discussion in a practical lesson), non-verbal characteristics of communication (behavior) can help determine the accentuation of the patient's character, give a fairly detailed description (prognosis) of the features of his behavior.

Thirdly, non-verbal cues can provide information about cultural environments and lifestyles that have had a formative influence on the patient's personality.

Fourth, orientation in the signals of non-verbal communication allows one to more reliably navigate the patient's states, to record signs of latent excitement, pessimism regarding the prospects of treatment, disbelief in oneself, etc.

Among expressive movements, direct (primary) and mediated (secondary) are distinguished. Primary movements are associated with a reflex reaction directly to physical stimulation. So, for example, when looking at the bright sun, our pupils will necessarily narrow and our eyelids will close. The same will happen with the eyes if we begin to remember exactly how some important event happened. In the second case, there are already secondary movements of the eye muscles. ... Do not mistake the reactions of facial expressions to external stimuli for the manifestation of internal psychological states. .

One and the same muscle movement can have completely different origins. Any judgment should not be made on the understanding of just one single detail. A conclusion can be built only on the basis of a holistic situation, analyzing manners, ways of human behavior in their totality. Not taking this rule into account is the biggest danger in the practical application of the knowledge gained about the non-verbal side of communication. Do not draw conclusions based on one detail, but consider the manifestations of the human body only in the system.

Understanding the various expressive movements is often complicated by the fact that most of us have developed certain habits that appear instead of "true" reactions. For example, if a person is used to sitting with his legs crossed in the circle of his friends, then he behaves in the same way in other situations. This posture in this case cannot serve as an indicator of his inner state. Do not mistake habit-forming manifestations as an indicator of a person's condition in a given situation.

It often happens that people subconsciously demonstrate movements that express a state opposite to what they are experiencing at the moment. That is, there is a defensive reaction in the form of external compensation. Thus, conspicuous aggressiveness often only masks a certain helplessness. The more a person claims that he has a certain quality, or tries to demonstrate it, the less it is inherent in him in reality.

A person's physical disabilities can also make it difficult to understand him, those can make it difficult to understand his bodily manifestations. Squinting may be due to myopia, not contempt; turning the face away when communicating - the desire to turn a healthy ear to the interlocutor with a weakened hearing, and not arrogance. Do not confuse the consequences of physical disabilities with the external manifestations of mental states.

The so-called "little things", that is, subtle, almost invisible manifestations, are also extremely important in body language. Since such movements are the least amenable to control and conscious suppression, they become the most valuable reward for an attentive observer. For example, we are talking with a person, he shows, it would seem, maximum interest, nods his head in the affirmative, and then our gaze falls on his feet. Although the whole body is turned towards us, but the toes of his feet (which he has absolutely no control over) have already quietly turned towards the door, which means that he has actually "left" the conversation with us.

Since facial expressions, gestures, etc. Are "read" by us only subconsciously, then conclusions from them are also made subconsciously.

However, as conscious beings, we can and should acquire the ability to evaluate most of the gestures of those around us before responding to them. Then we would be able not only to better understand people, but to consciously use our own body signals, eliciting the desired response from others.

11.07.2016

Few attach importance to the importance of non-verbal communication between doctor and patient. Meanwhile, a person perceives only 23% of information by ear, the remaining 77% he receives through visualization of an object.

If these numbers seem unconvincing to you, I suggest conducting a small experiment. Remember your student years and everything connected with this period. Including - their teachers. Surely there was a bright personality among them, a teacher with a capital letter, you tried not to miss his lectures. But the manner of presenting the material of another lecturer caused you only one desire - to sleep. Do you remember? And now - attention, a question. What did both teachers talk about at the very first class? And on the last one? God grant that you remember at least the name of the subject and the general essence of the lectures. But the gestures, the manner of speaking, laughing, the timbre of the voice and, in general, the whole external appearance, we remember quite clearly.

This little excursion into your student past convincingly demonstrates how poorly we remember what we are told. At the same time, the memory keeps for a long time what how we are told that. That is, non-verbal communication is more informative than verbal communication.

Non-verbal communication ("body language") is a communication wordless interaction between people (transfer of information or influence on each other) through intonation, gestures, changes in the mise-en-scene of communication, that is, without speech and linguistic means presented in a direct or any sign form. The human body, which has a wide range of means and methods of transmitting or exchanging information, becomes an instrument of such communication.

The ability to “read” gestures and facial expressions is one of the most important skills of a doctor in communication not only with patients, but also in ordinary everyday practice. Unfortunately, people who do not possess this skill will be able to successfully interpret non-verbal communication methods only in 50% of cases. In other words - guessed / guessed wrong. And to be able to "read" the expression on the face of the interlocutor means to be able to correctly build a dialogue with him.

To date, a considerable number of scientific works have been published (mainly in the USA and Western European countries) on the topic of non-verbal behavior of patients and the doctor's ability to understand the psychological aspects of patients' emotions, etc. They began to pay more attention to this problem in our country.

In this case, we are interested in the practical side of non-verbal communication between a doctor and a patient. But before moving on to it, you need to add a few comments:

• Gestures and facial expressions of a person are a physiological reaction to an external stimulus. In other words, if you saw / read / heard / remembered something that you think is funny, you will definitely smile at least for a split second.
• Non-verbal communication can be viewed as a kind of international method, the same for all nations, ages, languages ​​and cultures. Because people in all countries express joy, sadness, pain, disgust, admiration, etc. in the same way.
• Controlling your non-verbal behavior is extremely difficult, it requires many years of professional training (for example, in law enforcement agencies, agents spend years learning “body language” and control over their emotions).

Over the several years of the existence of the project "Academy of a Successful Doctor", one often has to deal with the fact that a doctor, who has only 12 minutes to examine each patient and fill out a medical card, simply does not have the opportunity to pay attention to studying neither facial expressions, nor postures, nor options behavior of your patient.

For example, a patient sits with his legs and arms crossed - the so-called "closed pose". It would seem that it is familiar to many, and few doctors pay attention to it. But in vain. It serves as a kind of signal that the patient is experiencing discomfort. This is a signal for the patient if he sees the doctor in front of him in the same position.

It also happens that the patient squeezes his shoulders from time to time during a conversation or examination. This suggests that he either feels insecure or doubts what the doctor is telling him. This, again, can be ignored, but if the doctor wants to achieve success in treatment, he needs to earn the patient's trust, at least in order to increase his compliance with the prescribed therapy. This largely ensures the achievement of a favorable result, which means it will serve as a proof for the doctor of his success as a specialist. That is, the patient's trust and favor is almost half of the success. Otherwise, very unpleasant situations may arise. Let's consider them.

During examination or taking anamnesis, the patient frowns, looks sullenly, clenches his fists tightly, holding out his index finger, curls his lips - in a word, with his whole appearance he shows that he is in a mood for conflict.

Unfortunately, as a rule, the doctor prefers to pretend that he does not notice the aggressive attitude of the patient, and sometimes, even worse, “accepts the challenge” and begins to act demonstratively rude in response. Of course, there is nothing to say about any trust between the doctor and the patient in such cases, there is nothing to hope for any success in treatment, and therefore it would never occur to anyone to call such a doctor successful. And all just because he did not consider it necessary for himself to learn how to correctly interpret non-verbal communication methods.

So why should a doctor pay so much attention to the non-verbal? The answer is simple - it will allow him to spend less time talking during the examination, to take the initiative on time, overcome objections, prevent conflicts and establish long-term trusting relationships with the patient.

Let's consider one more situation. After a routine examination of an infant, the pediatrician, giving young parents all sorts of prescriptions, abundantly uses medical terms that are not always clear in his speech to denote even the most ordinary things. But what is a routine for a doctor, then for ordinary moms and dads it is a continuous dark forest. Parents, instead of memorizing the appointments, begin to blink in confusion, look at each other, wrinkle their foreheads, trying to understand whether they mean the same as the doctor, as a result they begin to ask a lot of questions. But if the doctor paid attention to the non-verbal of his counterparts in time, he would begin to use words that are more understandable to a layman, which would give him the opportunity to shorten the appointment time, and this is very important when your patient is an infant.

A few tips for a doctor who wants to learn to recognize the patient's non-verbal manifestations, but does not have the time and opportunity to undergo training in this skill:

1. Try to define the norm your patient's behavior. Whether he is calm during communication or, on the contrary, is too active or even nervous, sociable or laconic, is he characterized by active gesticulation, or is he stingy in movements. This will be your starting point for further dialogue.
2. While communicating with the patient, try to look at him, and not at documents, at the computer, etc. That is, show interest and attention.
3. For any deviation from the norm in the patient's behavior - do not bother trying to interpret these deviations. You do not have time for this and, most likely, you do not have enough experience and special knowledge.
4. If you notice a deviation from the norm, ask the patient a question. For example: during the consultation, he behaves calmly, but at the end he begins to speak faster, gesticulates more. Why did he behave like that? There can be 1000 and one reasons! It is best to ask a clarifying question: "Do you understand everything?", "Do you have any questions?" We assure you - the patient will be grateful for your attentiveness.
5. Remember, the patient may have a lot of reasons for this or that gesture or this or that posture! During normal, friendly communication with you, he suddenly crossed his arms over his chest. What could be the reasons? He may have a stomach ache, he may become suddenly cold. Perhaps he is shivering. But it is also possible that he does not understand something, etc.
6. To be well versed in non-verbal communication, it is not enough just to ask leading questions to your patients. If you really want to understand what is hidden behind this or that gesture - try to copy it! The human body is an amazing mechanism. Any of our sensations, feelings, any of our emotions will receive their non-verbal embodiment - in a gesture, a grimace or a pose. Most often they are quite easy to read, because almost all of them are the same. After all, we are unlikely to confuse a grimace of disgust with a joyful and happy expression on our face. Therefore, in order to understand what your patient was thinking during the last visit to you, when he was looking somewhere over your head and impatiently tapping with his fingertips on the table, reproduce all this at home, in front of a mirror. And when you see your face, you will understand that the patient does not consider you a major specialist in his field, and therefore, he will be skeptical of your prescriptions.

A successful doctor must be able to read the patient's non-verbal in order to adequately and timely respond to its changes. This will simplify the relationship with the patient, allow to establish a relationship of trust with him, save time, prevent conflicts and directly contribute to the transfer of the patient from the category of "patient" to the category of "client".

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