What a nurse should be. Nurse. Hospitals are full of infections

Nurse(nurse) - a specialist in the field of nursing, a professional assistant to the attending physician. Male version of the profession - nurse. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in biology (see choice of profession for interest in school subjects).

Features of the profession

The doctor or paramedic examines the patient and prescribes treatment, someone must fulfill these appointments: give injections, put IVs, bandage the wound, give medicine, check the temperature, etc. All this is done by a nurse (or nurse) - a specialist from among the nursing staff. Often times, a nurse communicates with patients even more than a doctor. And the success of the treatment depends on her skill.

The specific responsibilities of a nurse depend on the place of work. For example, in a polyclinic, a nurse can help a doctor see patients. it district nurse... She monitors the delivery of outpatient patient records from the registry (they keep medical records); receives the results of analyzes and conclusions in the laboratory and X-ray room; makes sure that the doctor always has sterile instruments and necessary drugs at hand.

In anti-tuberculosis, dermatovenerologic, neuropsychiatric dispensaries, as well as in women's and children's clinics, they work visiting nurses... Patronage (from the French. Patronage - patronage, guardianship) means that medical procedures are carried out at home. Visiting nurses visit patients at home and give them injections, dressings, measure blood pressure, etc.

Nursein the physiotherapy room conducts medical procedures using special devices: UHF, ultrasound, electrophoresis, etc.

Procedural Nurse gives injections (including intravenous ones), draws blood from a vein, puts in droppers. All these are very difficult procedures - they require high qualifications and impeccable skills. Especially if the procedure nurse works in a hospital, where serious patients can also lie.

Charge nurse- distributes medicines, puts compresses, cans, enemas, gives injections. She also measures temperature, pressure and reports to the attending physician about the well-being of each patient. And if necessary, the nurse provides emergency care (for example, for fainting or bleeding).

The health of each patient depends on the work of the ward nurse. Especially if it is a serious patient. In good hospitals, ward nurses (with the help of junior nurses and nurses) take care of the weak patients: they feed, wash, change clothes, and make sure that there are no bedsores.

The ward nurse has no right not to be negligent or forgetful. Unfortunately, the work of a ward nurse involves night shifts. This is bad for your health.

Operating room nurse assists the surgeon and is responsible for ensuring that the operating room is always ready for work. This is perhaps the most responsible nursing position. And the most favorite among those who have at least a little time to work on operations. The nurse prepares for the future operation all the necessary instruments, dressings and suture materials, ensures their sterility, and checks the serviceability of the equipment. And during the operation, he assists the doctor, provides tools and materials. The success of the operation depends on the coordination of actions between the doctor and the nurse. This work requires not only good knowledge and skills, but also a speed of reaction and a strong nervous system. And also good health: like the surgeon, the nurse has to stand on his feet throughout the operation. If after the operation the patient needs dressings, they are also done by the operating nurse.

For sterilization, the instruments are taken to sterilization department... The nurse working there is controlled with special equipment: steam, ultraviolet chambers, autoclaves, etc.

Head nurse supervises the work of all nurses in a hospital or polyclinic department. She draws up duty schedules, monitors the sanitary condition of the premises, is responsible for economic and medical supplies, for the maintenance and safety of medical instruments and devices. In addition to the actual medical duties, nurses have to keep records, the head nurse monitors this too. She also supervises the work of junior medical personnel (orderlies, nurses, nurses, etc.). To do this efficiently, the head nurse must know the specifics of the department's work to the smallest detail.

Assistant nurse caring for patients: changing linen, feeding, helping to move bedridden patients inside the hospital. Her duties are similar to those of a nurse, and her medical education is limited to short courses.

This is not a complete list of options for a nurse. Each has its own specificity. What they have in common is that, although a nurse is considered a doctor's assistant, the main purpose of a nurse's work is to help sick people. Such work brings moral satisfaction, especially if it is work in a hospital. But it is also very hard work, even if you love it very much. There is no time for smoke breaks and thoughtfulness in the middle of the working day. The most difficult are the departments in which operations are carried out and where emergency patients are admitted. These are surgery, traumatology, otolaryngology.

Career

A nurse has several career options. You can, while remaining in the same position, improve your qualifications and receive a corresponding salary increase. Another option is administrative: you can become the head nurse of a department or even a hospital. The third option is to continue your education and become a doctor.

But why "sister"?

The fact is that the first nurses appeared under the auspices of the church. And the word "sister" meant not blood kinship, but spiritual.

In the XI century in the Netherlands, Germany and other countries, communities of women and girls appeared to take care of the sick. In the 13th century, Countess Elizabeth of Thuringia, later canonized, built a hospital at her own expense, and also organized a shelter for foundlings and orphans, and she herself worked there. A Catholic community of Elizabethan women was founded in her honor. In peacetime, the nun sisters looked after only sick women, and in wartime - and wounded soldiers. They also took care of patients with leprosy.

In 1617 in France, the priest Vincent Paul organized the first community of sisters of mercy. He first suggested this name - "sister of mercy", "elder sister". The community consisted of widows and maidens who were not nuns and did not take any permanent vows. The community was headed by Louise de Marillac, who organized a special school for the training of nurses and nurses.

Similar communities began to be created in France, the Netherlands, Poland and other countries. By the middle of the 19th century, there were already about 16 thousand sisters of mercy in Western Europe.

In Russia, the profession of a nurse appeared in 1863. Then the order of the Minister of War was issued on the introduction, by agreement with the Exaltation of the Cross community, of permanent nursing care for the sick in military hospitals.

Workplace

Nurses and nurses work in hospitals, clinics, maternity hospitals, private clinics, children's institutions, military units and hospitals, sanatoriums and rest homes.

Important qualities

The former name of this profession is “sister of mercy”. Compassion and compassion for other people's pain is one of the most important qualities of a nurse. This is accompanied by attentiveness, accuracy and responsibility. Also important are good coordination of movements (this is especially important for operating rooms, procedural, ward nurses), good memory, striving for professional growth. Good health and stamina. Allergies to certain drugs can be a hindrance to work. For example, an operating theater nurse cannot assist in an operation if disinfectant vapors make her cough. But in the profession of a nurse there is such a vast field of activity that you can simply move to another place of work.

Salary

Salary as of 02/27/2020

Russia 18000-46000 ₽

Moscow 35000-66000 ₽

Knowledge and skills

A nurse must have an understanding of human anatomy and physiology, be able to provide emergency first aid, perform the necessary medical procedures, ensure infectious safety, and keep records.

Where to study for a Nurse (nurse)

To work as a nurse, you need a secondary medical education. It can be obtained from a medical school or college. Many specializations require additional training. For example, in order to treat people in a physiotherapy room, you need to undergo special training in working with all devices.

Professionals are nurses with a specific range of responsibilities. A nurse is a junior specialist in relation to a doctor. This information is indicated on the nursing diploma. Both women and men can be specialists. To do this, it is enough to have a secondary specialized medical education and undergo training in nursing.

Positions, responsibilities and types of nurses

There are several types of positions related to this profession. In medical institutions, there are different job titles: midwife, nurse, packer. The positions occupied by men are called: obstetrician, orderly, nurse, packer. And although all of these professions have different responsibilities, each clinic still interprets them in its own way.

For example, a nurse is not on a par with a nurse: the latter has other responsibilities. She gives instructions to the junior staff (the hostess sister, the barmaid, the junior nurse and the orderly). A specialist in this profession is responsible not only for giving orders, but also for monitoring their implementation.

Nurses are divided according to the profile of work as follows:

Home. The sister has a higher medical education, her duties include issues of work organization and advanced training of junior and middle personnel.
Older. The “head” nurse differs from the “senior” nurse in that the latter is involved in administrative and economic matters, assists the head of the polyclinic department, and controls the work of ward nurses.
Guard or ward. Carries out the duties assigned to her in the wards (caring for the sick, monitoring the condition of patients).
Procedural. The nurse fulfills the instructions of the doctor, helps to carry out manipulations, takes blood from a vein for medical research, performs infusions and intravenous injections.
Operating room. Assists the surgeon during operations, prepares for surgical intervention (prepares linen, dressing and suture material, surgical instruments).
Precinct. Assists the local doctor during the reception of patients who live in the area assigned to the doctor. The nurse conducts preventive measures, performs medical procedures at home.
Dietetic or dietitian. She works under the guidance of a nutritionist, her duties include drawing up the menu, controlling the distribution of food, monitoring the sanitary condition of the dining room.
Children's. She is a nurse of a children's hospital with communication and childcare skills. Pediatric nurses provide care for newborns and children up to adolescence.

Establishing contact with the child is the main duty of the employee of the children's hospital

There are nursing staff who work with highly specialized doctors, assist and carry out their assignments: put droppers, prepare instruments. They work with ophthalmologists, neuropathologists, otolaryngologists.

A separate category of nurses is civil defense personnel. These sisters have a non-medical, but higher education. These nurses must be trained and qualified in a higher education institution related to the nursing reserve. If the patient has a higher pedagogical education, then it is possible to teach the basics of medicine in secondary educational institutions.

Categories of nurses

Certification of nurses is mandatory for obtaining a qualification category. There are 3 skill levels, which is defined as a "category":

second;
first;
the highest.

Certification directly depends on the length of service: to obtain the highest category, you need to undergo training and work in the specialty for at least 7 years, the first - 5 years, the second - 3 years. For the certification commission, the nurse must prepare a report for the work done and submit it no later than 4 months before the certification date.

Training

Nursing workers must attend refresher and training courses at least once every 5 years. They are organized at the expense of the budget of the medical institution or employees' funds. Such training and professional development programs for nurses help not only gain new knowledge, but also advance the career ladder, or retrain and become a more highly specialized nurse.

Examples of programs and the cost of learning new knowledge:

nursing care for newborns - 14,000-20,000 rubles. The program includes training activities and classes in reality simulation centers.
nursing in pediatrics - 14,000-21,000 rubles. The program is necessary for district nurses of polyclinics, for specialists in preschool education and schools.
nursing in surgery - 14,200 rubles. The course is suitable for hospital surgical nurses, primary care providers, outpatient and clinical surgical nurses.

The list of educational institutions where you can undergo additional training and improve the qualifications of a nurse:

St. Petersburg Center for Postgraduate Education;
Higher Medical School in Moscow;
Academy of Medical Education. F. I. Inozemtseva;
Training Center of the Association of Medical and Pharmaceutical Universities in Moscow;
CSTI Progress.

How to study to be a nurse

Before applying for training in nursing, you need to know what a nurse should be like. The specialist should be friendly, attentive and have a sincere desire to help each patient who is admitted. It is necessary to have communication skills in order to explain to the patient the need for procedures, without entering into verbal wrangling with him.

To become a nurse, you must, after graduating from secondary school, enter a secondary specialized institution - a medical school or college. During their studies, all students are sent to the hospital for practice, where they teach how to put IVs, apply bandages and injections, that is, they learn how to perform their duties.

The nurse must be able to perform simple procedures

After receiving your diploma, you can go in search of work. Career development is possible in the following variations:

Receive a salary supplement while working in the same position, constantly improving your qualifications.
Develop in the administrative direction: you can become a head nurse of a hospital or to start a department.
Enter a medical school and become a real doctor.

The average salary of nurses depends on the type of profession, category and responsibilities. The following are the figures for the highest paid nursing positions:

pediatric nurse in Ukraine - UAH 32,000;
a nurse at a beautician in Russia - 30,000 rubles.

Nursing is a specialty whose importance cannot be overestimated. Essentially, no doctor will be able to cope with his duties if he does not have such an assistant. Given this, we can safely say that a nurse is indispensable in any clinic or hospital.

However, how much do we know about the responsibilities of this employee? What kind of difficulties do they sometimes have to face? And also what are the prospects for a girl who has chosen the path of a nurse?

General information about the profession

A nurse is, first of all, the right hand of a doctor. Its main task is to fulfill the instructions of the doctor to whom it is assigned. This can be the collection of tests, the installation of a dropper, the issuance of bed linen to the patient, and so on. That is, by and large, the role of a nurse is auxiliary.

But, despite this, she is an important member of the staff of any medical institution. After all, a nurse takes on the lion's share of the work, thereby relieving the burden of doctors. And those, in turn, will be able to devote more time to more important tasks: diagnosing diseases, prescribing a course of treatment, therapy, and so on.

How to become a nurse?

The duties of a nurse require an appropriate education. You can get it from a medical college or college. The training takes from 3 to 4 years, depending on the chosen institution.

During this time, students will learn all the skills that are necessary to work in this specialty. In particular, they will learn Latin (which is indispensable when writing prescriptions), methods of first aid, the basics of therapy, rules for using medications, and so on.

Legal classification of nurses

When discussing this profession, one cannot ignore the fact that there is a classification of nurses. And, despite the fact that education is required the same, the range of responsibilities is different for everyone.

So what types of nurses are there?

The head nurse is the only position that requires a college degree. Its main task is control. It is this employee who makes adjustments to the work of the middle and junior medical personnel.
Senior Nurse - a position assigned to each department head. The main function is to maintain order in the territory entrusted to her by managing her own subordinates.
A sentry nurse is a specialist who makes sure that patients strictly follow all the doctor's instructions: they take medications, adhere to bed rest or a diet.
Procedural Nurse. It is she who is responsible for the injections and droppers prescribed by the doctor. In addition, she collects analyzes and takes them to the laboratory.
The operating room nurse is the surgeon's right hand. She prepares the operating room before the operation, checks that everything is in place, and brings all the necessary tools. In the future, she follows all the instructions that the surgeon gives her: submit a scalpel, a clamp, or, say, a tampon.
A local nurse is a specialist assigned to a specific doctor. Most often, this position is associated with paperwork: filling out cards, working with documents, keeping records, and so on.
The junior nurse is the lowest rung of the hierarchy. Her responsibilities include caring for the sick and following orders from senior colleagues.

Necessary qualities

So, the duties of a nurse are not too complex, especially when compared to the work of doctors. However, they should not be underestimated either, because the health of another person is at stake.

Therefore, a future specialist must have the following personal qualities:

good memory in order to remember a lot of terms and names of drugs;
responsibility, because, as mentioned earlier, any oversight can cost a person his life;
speed of reaction in order to make the right decision at a critical moment;
compassion, because without it she will not be able to provide patients with the care they need;
strong nerves and psyche, since in medicine you will have to deal with many things, including unpleasant ones.

What do you have to do at work?

Each medical institution has its own instruction (job description) of a nurse. This document contains a complete list of all responsibilities of this employee, and when taking office, he must familiarize himself with it. It is simply impossible to describe all the possible requirements specified in this document, as they may vary depending on the institution's policy.

However, we will give a few examples:

First of all, the nurse monitors the condition of the patients. Takes tests, is interested in their well-being and takes them to medical procedures.
Any nurse follows the instructions of doctors, especially when they relate to working with patients.
A number of procedures related to the patient's treatment also fall on the shoulders of this employee. So, nurses put droppers, give injections, carry out physiotherapy and give out dosage rates of drugs.
In addition, nurses often work with hospital records. For example, they fill out patient cards, keep records of hospital inventory, submit documents for discharge, and so on.

Advantages and disadvantages of the profession

If we talk about the advantages, then here, first of all, it is necessary to note the high demand in the labor market. Almost every specialist can count on a free place in his city.

However, there are also downsides. In particular, low wages and lack of career growth. Even with all your desire to rise above the position of a senior nurse, it simply will not work.

Nurse (nurse) (nurse) - a person with secondary medical education who works under the guidance of a doctor or paramedic. She does not examine the patient, diagnose, prescribe treatment. A nurse, unlike a paramedic, is not an independent person and fulfills the assignments already made.

Nursing is a sought-after profession in the field of medicine.

Functional responsibilities:

Nursing;

Monitoring the patient's condition;

Performing medical procedures prescribed by a doctor;

Registration and discharge of patients;

Control over nutrition and sanitary condition of patients;

Assisting a doctor at an appointment;
- control over the sanitary and hygienic condition in the department and the ward;

Control, accounting and storage of medicines;

Providing qualified assistance in caring for newborns;

Providing timely medical assistance in emergency situations;

Provision of feasible psychological assistance and support to patients;

Implementation of rehabilitation and preventive measures;

Conducting sanitary and educational work among the population;

Implementation of propaganda aimed at combating drugs, alcoholism, smoking;

Registration of medical records.

The range of functional responsibilities of a nurse depends on the place of her work. A nurse is involved in providing medical care to a patient, performing various medical procedures, diagnosing diseases, acting as a doctor's assistant during operations, caring for patients, monitoring the health of patients, and doing massage.

Personal qualities:

Patience and consistency;

Goodwill and friendliness;

A responsibility;

Accuracy;

Tact;

Sensitivity;

Attentiveness;

Conscientiousness.

Qualification Requirements:

A nurse must have a secondary vocational education, understand various medicines, disinfection methods, know the rules for performing vaccinations, injections, dressings, massage techniques, and first aid techniques. A nurse should have such qualities as responsibility, attentiveness, compassion, communication skills, observation, composure, love for people.

Places of work:

Medical institutions (hospitals, sanatoriums, health camps and clinics, maternity hospitals and dispensaries, rehabilitation centers, trauma centers, antenatal clinics and medical units, health centers, outpatient clinics and paramedic midwives);

Social organizations (orphanages, shelters, colonies, homes for the elderly and disabled, orphanages);

Work in law enforcement agencies (children's reception centers);

Educational institutions (schools, kindergartens and preschool institutions, institutes, colleges, technical schools, colleges);

Work in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, rescue services;

Work at enterprises;

Research institutes;

Military organizations.

A nurse can work in polyclinics, hospitals, dispensaries, medical centers, educational institutions, social assistance services, medical institutions, sanatoriums.

The salary level largely depends on the medical institution, on what resources it possesses.

In any medical institution, there is a strict hierarchy of all nurses. Each nurse has specific rights and responsibilities, depending on her. Such division ensures the efficient and quality work of the entire medical department.

Despite the fact that the position of a nurse belongs to the junior staff in comparison with the chief specialist - a doctor, one should not underestimate its contribution to caring for the health of patients.

The nurse is the first assistant to the physician. The main components of her work, from an ethical point of view, are mercy and humanity towards the sick. It includes caring for the patient, restoring and strengthening his health, as well as preventing various diseases.

There is a special distribution of nurses by category, which depends on the type of activity and education:

A woman with a higher education and a degree in Nursing can work as a head nurse. Her responsibilities include supervising the work of junior and secondary medical workers.
monitors the work of the ward and junior nurses of the hospital.
The nurse who looks after the patients in the wards is called the ward or guard.
The procedure nurse performs manipulations such as blood sampling, injections, and infusions.
In the operating room, the surgeon is assisted by the operating room nurse. She also prepares tools, bandages and other things necessary for the operation.
The local nurse helps the local doctor see patients.

Nurse rights

Any nurse has the following rights:

In addition, a nurse working in surgery has the right to exercise control over the norms of antiseptics during operations. Also, when meetings are held in a medical institution at which the work of an average honey. staff, the nurse has the right to attend such a meeting.

Responsibilities of junior and senior nurses

Junior honey. staff are nursing nurses, housekeepers and nurses.

These nurses help the ward look after patients, maintain order and ensure a comfortable stay for patients in the wards. The hostess sister should be responsible for the housekeeping of the hospital and oversee the work of the nurses.

There are general responsibilities for all junior staff:

Cleaning of premises honey. institutions
Assistance to ward nurses
Accompanying and transporting patients around the hospital
Sanitary and hygienic treatment of patients

The duties of the head nurse are mainly focused on supervising the work of the junior nurse. staff. They must ensure the efficient operation of their department, compose for junior staff, ensure discipline and adherence to the safety rules in the department. Also, senior nurses are responsible for receiving and storing medicines and medical equipment.

Nursing responsibility

In addition to their rights and responsibilities, nurses are responsible for:

For poor-quality performance of their duties
For non-observance of labor rules and discipline, non-observance of safety measures and fire safety

It is very important for every employee of a medical institution to clearly know their rights and obligations. This will help ensure successful performance and harmonious relationships within the team.

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