Formats for e-books: what are there? Book download formats: which one to choose? What formats can be read on android

An e-book format is a file type that can be correctly recognized and reproduced by an e-book reader - a reader or e-reader. To date, about 10 file types are offered for reading in online stores and online libraries. Uninitiated users often choose “at random”, which does not always allow downloading a book to their reader in an optimal format for reading, and perhaps the file will not even open. On the other hand, when buying a reader, readers do not always know how to choose a reader based on the type of supported e-book formats.

For authors knowing which e-book formats are the most popular is also important. Indeed, nowadays electronic reading devices are rapidly replacing paper editions. Also, when releasing an electronic version of your paper book, you need to be sure that the e-book will be accepted by all the most popular online stores and most readers will be able to read the book in the proposed format without errors.

Thus, it is important for the reader to know which reader to buy or which type of book is better to download to your reader. And it is important for the author to know in what format to publish his e-book. Our article will help both the author and the reader not yet experienced in this matter to make a choice.

What format should the author choose for his e-book

The first thing to note is that there are only two e-book formats for which professional programs exist, and strict standards and independent systems for checking their quality have been developed: PDF and EPUB.
The PDF format is used to provide print-on-demand service - when one copy is printed to the ordering book.
All other popular book formats are in practice created by converting from EPUB.
Some publishers and freelancers offer to make any format very cheap, by simply saving from the Word editor, but it should be understood that this format may be rejected by most online stores and not all readers will be comfortable reading. On some readers, a jumble of incomprehensible symbols may be displayed in general.

When choosing a format for his e-book, the author can proceed from the site on which his work will be distributed:

if you want to get into Liters and Ozone - you need PDF, EPUB and FB2 versions;
to get into the iTunes store for Apple tablets and phones - iPhone and iPad - you need the EPUB type, this is the type that the iBooks reader supports on all Apple devices;
EPUB is relevant for Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com stores - Amazon.com will automatically create MOBI and AZW for Kindle readers from it;
for Google Play, you can use PDF or EPUB.

If you want to create a scientific work for readers that contains formulas, tables, graphs, then the best format is only PDF. You can also make an EPUB, but the complexity of such work is quite large. In addition, as the page size increases, formulas and tables may appear difficult to read.

Basic e-book formats

Modern bibliophiles, thanks to special devices for reading e-books - readers or e-readers - have an excellent opportunity to carry with them thousands of works that can be read on the road, on vacation or during lunchtime.

We offer a brief overview of the main existing e-book formats.

FB2 (FictionBook)

The most widespread format in Russia.
Advantages:

The content of the book on readers is structured (chapters, content, cover, etc.).
The user can sort files by author, genre, title and other tags contained in the original file.
The file is lightweight and can be zipped.
The file can be easily converted to other formats.
The Russian text has hyphenations.

Disadvantages:

Not intended for books with illustrations: images inserted into the text cannot be seen in many readers.
This format was created by Russian developers and does not provide for use abroad, since it is not supported by Apple, Google, Barnes & Noble and Amazon.

EPUB (Electronic PUBlication)

Perhaps the most commonly used electronic file type supported by readers of all well-known manufacturers: Barnes & Noble, Sony, Pocketbook, Kindle, Onyx, Wexler, iBooks app for Apple devices, iPhone and iPad.
The layout structure of such a document is similar to an archived HTML page with texts, graphics, embedded fonts, etc.

MOBI

Initially, it was supported only by Kindle readers, which are quite popular in Russia.

KF8 (Kindle Format 8)

The new format from Amazon is an improved version of MOBI.

PDF (Portable Document Format)

Peculiarities:

files are heavy enough for inexpensive readers;
in most cases, the page corresponds to A4, while ordinary readers are A5;
it is possible to change only the scale (but not the font);
most likely, the page on the reader can be read only in fragments, unless it is a version of the A6 page format or you have a reader with a 9-inch screen.

DJVU

Designed as a repository for document scans. Features of the functionality are completely similar to PDF.

LRF

LRF is an old format for Sony readers that converts very poorly into other types of files.

AZW

Applies to Amazon.com for Kindle readers only. This format is used for copy protection.

TXT

Advantages:

makes it possible to copy text of any format from another source;
supported by almost all readers;
the file is very lightweight.

Meanwhile, this format does not provide for the presence of formatting and alignment elements, which makes it not the best option for a full-fledged virtual book.

RTF (Rich Text Format)

The file type is not the most convenient for the reader due to the cumbersomeness of the file, and hence the low speed of the reader's work with it.

DOC (DOCX)

Word editor format. Few reader devices provide convenient reading of a full-fledged e-book in this format.

Which e-book format to choose for the author and the reader

The traditional "book formats" supported by most readers are EPUB and FB2. When buying a reader, it is important for the reader to pay attention to this. Of course, the more formats the reader can read, the better. Be sure to buy a backlit reader - you can comfortably read in rooms with insufficient lighting.

The author, when releasing his work, also needs to take into account exactly these EPUB and FB2 formats, in addition, of course, a PDF file is needed - without it, it is impossible to correctly print a book for those who like reading on paper.

There are many codecs for audio recordings, which differ in the quality of sound transmission, the size of the final audio file, ease of editing, etc. However, what is common to all audio formats, except for the standard system ones, is that their playback requires corresponding sets of algorithms that perceive a bit sequence from a file of a specific type - codecs. Where and how you can download music in flac format, you will learn from this article.

Where can I download music in flac format?

It is interesting: How to download and install the chorus of a song on a phone call?

Download can be made not only through an explicit direct request, but also with the help of some programs that allow you to download audio and video from there, where it is simply impossible to do this ( VC , Youtube). The finished file must have the appropriate extension .flac, or a file with metadata may go along with it, if it has a different extension - then you downloaded the audio file in the wrong format, or it is completely malware.

However, do not forget that files can be packed into an archive in order to transfer multiple files at a time and reduce their size during transmission over the Internet. Below is a list of sites where you can download music and features of this resource:

In addition to these three trusted sources, you can try downloading audio recordings from the artist's official website, or try your luck on torrent trackers.

Receiving audio from the Internet

When downloading using third-party software that intercepts audio and video streams from the Internet and stores them on the user's device, you should select the appropriate format and download.

Here you can stumble upon such a pitfall as poor sound quality. This is due to the fact that the source file itself is of poor quality, and as a result, translating it into the .flac format will not increase the already poor quality. And here on YouTube video hosting, basically, there are audio in good quality, and it is not difficult to get it from there with such a program.

Another way

Well, and finally, there is one more way - this getting audio from video. For this, you, respectively, need a video file.

It is difficult to advise a specific program, since this article is still not advertising. But, we can say that many video processors that support the ability to convert a file can convert a video (namely its sound) to a FLAC file. There is also a pitfall described in the previous paragraph.

Torrent trackers often contain various kinds of remixes that are 99% worse than the original. Before downloading audio - read the reviews about the files.

What are the features of the .flac format?

Read also: How to find a free song by an excerpt and download it?

Although the format is not standard, however, due to its popularity it is possible to reproduce it by standard means of the system Windows... To improve the quality of listening to audio in this format - download the appropriate playback algorithms for your version Windows and install them on your device. You can download the auxiliary software from the official website FLAC.

The main advantage of this format is high quality audio and rather low file size. Therefore, it is not strange why music lovers with good equipment choose this particular format, and not the standard .wav or an outdated format. .mp3... Sometimes, an accompanying file may be included with the file being played. FLAC Fingerprint (ffp.txt)- which contains the data of the file itself .flac, and its checksums. Without this metadata, the music will likely not play, or there will be a significant loss in quality.

Opening audio recording is still possible through a standard player Windows Media Player, however, the recording quality will not be as high as the expansion suggests. To be able to hear the highest quality - you need a filter CoreFLAC, or download the appropriate player.

For editing, you can use the program "Adobe audition" or "Sound forge"... Some mobile devices also support partial editing. One should not forget about the ability to convert recordings to another format... This can reduce the quality, but it will reduce its size. You can convert your music to a format that is supported by a specific player. Such actions are necessary for equipment on which it is impossible to install audio codecs: car radio, outdated equipment, etc.

Without codecs, music will still be played, but the quality will be worse.

Download codecs only from an official source, especially since they are free. This will keep you safe from viruses.

Data sheet

File FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio format that has been compressed, however. has not lost the sound quality. Compression in this format is considered to be weaker than .mp3, however, the sound quality and audio transmission are much higher than the outdated MP3.

FLAC files are very popular with music lovers. Many music lovers prefer to use this format to create compilations of their favorite songs, where this high quality format contributes to high quality audio.

If there are appropriate codecs and programs for playback, the user can effortlessly listen to audio of this format. For listening there are many free audio players out there. The most popular players are Nullsoft, good old Winamp and player AIMP... This list can also include VideoLAN VLC Media Player ... Also keep in mind that the .flac file can be played with Windows Media Player , however, its quality will be noticeably lower than that of the above players.

The file structure itself is typical of many audio recordings, so it will be easy for a developer who is going to work with this type of music to figure out what's what.

AIMP is one of the popular audio players

Many owners of iPhones are interested in the question of which book formats are supported by iOS gadgets. The fact is that the App Store contains many reading programs, and any book in them can be easily opened. The main thing is that the format of the books for the iPhone is suitable.

However, most of these programs are either paid or very inconvenient to use. And not everyone knows that it is not at all necessary to use them. The solution to this problem is in the operating system itself. Experienced users have guessed, of course, that we are talking about iBooks.

The aforementioned software is an official Apple application designed specifically for reading books from iOS gadgets. Initially, iBooks could hardly be called an ideal "reader", but today it has been significantly improved. The program quickly downloads any file, has many settings and the like. A number of users, having first got acquainted with this software, quickly abandoned it. And completely in vain. Today iBooks are a very different product of very high quality.

In this article we will tell you which book format is supported by the iPhone, and about the most popular "readers" for iOS gadgets.

This software works with 2 file formats:

Unfortunately, the widespread electronic format of FB2 books is not supported by the program. But for any book, finding an alternative online is not a problem. You can also use the converter and translate the book into a suitable format. Of course, in this case the text will lose a little in quality, but it will remain quite readable. The whole procedure usually takes less than a minute for 1 copy.

Now that we know in what formats the book can be downloaded to the iPhone, let's look at how best to read the downloaded copies.

How to fill iBooks through iTunes

Surely, after downloading the program, you will not limit yourself to 1-2 copies, but want to create your own small book collection. To do this, follow these steps:

1 Open iTunes utility and enter the book section. If the utility is not on your PC or laptop (or it is not the most recent version), download it from the Apple resource on the network. 2 Go to the library section and move text files in EPUB or PDF formats to iTunes. If for some reason the drag and drop failed, use the manual method. To do this, go to the file menu, then to the section for adding files to the library (or folders - if you intend to download several copies at once). 3 Using a USB cable, connect the iOS gadget to your laptop or PC. 4 Go to the book tab and activate the switch that starts the synchronization of books. 5 Select the section of all books to transfer absolutely all files. Or item selected books - to move specific copies. 6 When the operation is complete, click the Finish button.

Reference. If the book section is not displayed, you need to click on the menu edit item. Next, activate the section by clicking on the appropriate switch.

Now all that remains is to open iBooks, where you will see virtual shelves with uploaded copies. Any of them are already ready to read.

As you can see, downloading books to your iPhone using this method is not the easiest and fastest procedure. And mainly due to the fact that you need to connect the gadget via a USB cable to the PC in order to download the book. But, fortunately, there is another method of downloading - via Wi-Fi. We will describe in detail how to download books using this method.

Method to download books to iBooks over Wi-Fi

Here, too, as in the previous method, we need the iTunes utility. But now everything will happen wirelessly, via a Wi-Fi network, which greatly simplifies the procedure.

So, to fill iBooks, you need to do the following:

Reconnect the iOS gadget to your PC or laptop and open the iTunes utility.
Select your device and go to the overview tab, where you can activate the synchronization of the selected phone via Wi-Fi.
Confirm your decision by clicking on the done button.

At the end of the last step, the gadget can be disconnected from the PC. The connection with the iTunes utility will not be interrupted. And this means that the download can be done without connecting a mobile device to a PC or laptop. In absolutely the same way, via Wi-Fi, you can delete books from the program memory.

How to upload books to iBooks using Safari

Downloading book copies to the iPhone is available without the use of the iTunes utility. But for this you need to find the right book on the net. To do this, you must use the following algorithm:

Launch Safari and go to any library resource where you can upload books in EPUB or PDF formats.
Find the required copy using the search.
On the publication page, click on the download button in the required format.
Scroll to the top of the window that opens and click on the Open section in the iBooks app. The instance will be added to the library.

Obviously, this method is the most convenient. But it is suitable for those with a good Wi-Fi connection. If you have any problems with Wi-Fi, you will have to use the first method to replenish your collection.

How to read books in Aychitalka

Thanks to the application, anyone can add a book to their iPhone, taking into account the suitable formats for the iPhone. How to add the required instance - we will tell below. And now a few words about the application's capabilities.

This software was developed and released by the domestic company Aimobilko. And he was already able to perfectly prove himself in the App Store. The advantages of this program are as follows:

Large collection of books.
Wide possibilities for changing the text.
Attractive exterior design.

Before talking about the ways of uploading books to this application, let's touch on its features a little. First, we note the beautiful design of the e-reader, which recently the developers have completely adapted to the "operating system" of the seventh version. But the most significant factor is the high speed of the software even on outdated Apple gadgets. And this despite all its beauty and external effects!

Aychitalka contains 3 main sections:

Profile (your details).
Store (section for purchasing paid versions).
My books (section for storing the books you drop off, where you can upload them).

The profile is intended for registering a new user, but this operation is not required. If you do not upload your copies, you can work in the system for free, but you can create a temporary "account".

Note that there is a huge database of free books. And basically these are the works of the classics of Russian literature. Books by foreign authors are often found in a paid collection. And if you prefer foreign literature, you will have to register and subsequently purchase your favorite books for a fee.

Reading books on iPhone in Aychitalka is an incomparable pleasure. The user can change the fonts, style and brightness of the text right while reading. And all this without the hassle of navigating the menu. The program also has a function to select and save a quote. It is also possible to write comments on certain paragraphs. Search throughout the text of the copy in Aichitalk is also available, as well as bookmarks.

And now about the most important thing - how to throw off the book and then read the downloaded text.

How to upload books to Aychitalka

If you are an avid book lover or prefer rare books or genres, then the free collection will obviously not suit you. You should know how to add (and before that, access) a rare instance. In this case, it is not necessary to spend money on the purchase of books - all the necessary copies can be downloaded using the imobilco.ru interface. For this you need:

Go to the specified site on the network and register (you can from a computer).
Enter the settings of the created profile and click on the "Storage" section.
Click on the book download section and download a specific copy in FB2 format.
Log in to Aychitalka using your account data that you created during registration.
Go to my books section and click on "Download All".
When the download is complete, the downloaded file will be available, and you can start reading any book.

The operation, as you can see, is very simple. The apps above will help you read books on iPhone. The free features of this software are quite enough for the most demanding user. After all, hardly any of us reads all day long.

Sometimes it seems that deciding on the format is quite difficult, there are so many of them and each has its own advantages. Many authors ask themselves the question: "How to choose a format for an e-book?" We conducted our analysis of the formats and found out which is the best format for ordinary books. We have carefully studied many formats, and considered them both from the point of view of the convenience of the reader, and from the point of view of the convenience of the author. Let's dive into the details a bit and see what influenced our choice.

Why is ePub the best format?

During the development of our services, we studied some technical nuances that affect the appearance and work with an e-book.

Let's start with the simplest thing - managing the display of the book. Those. the ability for the reader to change the font size and page orientation. EPUB adapts perfectly to device screen size or font size changes. I would like to note that the specification states that the format actually supports 2 layout modes - the first (reflowable), when you can change these parameters, and the second (fixed-layout), when you can clearly indicate what is where.

Let's consider the layout modes in more detail.

Reflowable markup

You can translate into Russian as fluid, adaptive or floating. Allows you to fit the contents of the book to the device screen, change the color and font size. Ideal for ordinary books with simple text - novels, poems, technical literature. Those. anything where clear image anchoring or complex visual presentation is not required.

This markup is not suitable for visual interactive books and children's books with many illustrations, that is, those that require spatial referencing of graphics, various combinations of pictures and frames. By itself, the EPUB format allows you to create interactive books, but the responsive design of such books is a real art.

This is what responsive markup looks like

Using this markup is ideal when you don't know exactly where and how your book will be reproduced. Due to the flexibility of the layout, the book will be displayed correctly on almost any device, from a computer to any smart watch. Plus, this markup is perfect for people with disabilities.

Fixed-layout

This type of markup assumes that all elements have a clearly fixed position on the page with a clearly specified size. This markup is in a format that most closely resembles a physical medium, such as a page of a regular paper book. Everything in its place and no adaptation. On devices, adaptation most often looks like scaling with all the ensuing consequences. What looks acceptable on a computer screen is already too small on a tablet, and on a smartphone screen you cannot see it at all. But the game of zooming in and out turns into torture for the reader.

An example of displaying fixed markup

This format is suitable when you know for sure that your work will be read on a medium with a specific size, under which your work will be laid out. Initially, it is assumed that this markup was developed for further printing of the work, therefore it indicates the size and format of the future medium. We not We recommend using this markup for e-books, as it limits the reading area of books to devices with a certain screen size.

The most common digital representation of this markup is PDF, but EPUB also supports it.

We decided to tabulate popular formats and show support for various markup inside them.

We sorted out the layout. Now let's take a look at the most exciting moment for authors - copyright.

Support for copyright protection at the level of e-book formats

Typically, authors insist on supporting DRM (Digital Rights Management) or technical copyright protection in e-books. This is one of the most unpleasant topics for both authors and readers, but affects the interests of publishers too. And the main problem is that there is no reliable way to protect against copying. the book is a source of predominantly textual information presented in graphical form. It is possible to create an extremely reliable way of delivering content by encrypting the file transfer to a dedicated stand-alone application or even a dedicated stand-alone book reader, but this will all be bypassed with a simple camera and subsequent text recognition. So all the most complex and unpleasant procedures for all will be leveled out by the most primitive copying method, which is more than two centuries old. Everything that the human eye sees, the camera will see everything. And then it's a matter of technology.

So, what about DRM support in various formats? We have collected information and placed it in the table

It can be seen from the table that ePub, PDF and Mobipocket are excellent formats for copyright protection.

However, as we noted above, DRM no longer creates anything but inconvenience for the user. Many have been in a situation where a book is urgently needed, but it is not in a format available for your device. As a rule, such a situation often catches a person by surprise or at the most inopportune moment. Usually people solve this in different ways, in most cases they are just looking for another book on the same topic, but in an accessible format. As a result, the author loses readers and, of course, money.

The main problem of protecting the field of rights lies in the education of people and their attitude to copyright protection. For example, after all, it never occurs to anyone to steal directly from the store, although everything is lying, just stretch out your hand. Likewise with digital content. There is simply a realization that the work belongs to the author and is the result of his work, which must be paid for. The more people realize this, the fewer books will be stolen.

Providing legal access to books is one of the missions of our library.

Summarizing the above, we again come to the conclusion that ePub is an excellent choice from a copyright protection point of view.

What's wrong with the EXE format?

Surely many have heard of this format. This format is called - an application for the Windows operating system. That's right, this is not an e-book format, this is a regular Windows program that you need to install and that works only on a very limited range of devices - Windows computers and tablets. Opening such a "book" on iPad, Kindle, Nook and Android tablet will not work, let alone other systems such as OS X or Linux. Moreover, since Since the format is an executable file, viruses very often cling to it, which makes it extremely insecure. Just like that, I downloaded the book in exe and got a virus. Cybercriminals often spread viruses in the spirit of "All Dontsova.exe books", but instead of books, people get a bunch of viruses.

There is a similar format called JAVA which was popular on older smartphones for a while. The essence is the same - a program, but only for a smartphone. Similar camouflage of viruses for smartphones.

About the FictionBook format

Popular under the name FB2. It is popular mainly in Russia and in the post-Soviet space, so you can safely call it a national format.

Nevertheless, this format contains logical markup, the book is divided into sections, which can be poems or prose. However, the format itself is very limited because not only there is no support for complex layout and formulas, but also banal things like bulleted lists.

There is an idea of the FB3 format, an improved FB2, judging by the description, which is a clone of the ePub format. It uses a similar zip archive and separates files into description, text and images. Dmitry Gribov is intensively working on a new format and we hope that he will delight the authors with new opportunities.

This format is well suited for simple fiction written in Russian.

About TXT format

About the MOBI format

The MOBI format has several flavors in the form of the AZW family of formats, with a higher data compression ratio.

AZW1 is another name for the topaz format (also called .tpz). This variety is designed for storing scanned documents and is similar to DJVU. TPZ format - used on WhisperNet. WhisperNet is a dedicated 3G cellular network that was created by Amazon to support Kindle books and sync books, bookmarks, and more.
AZW3 is another name for KF8. This format first appeared for the Kindle Fire. It is a combined ePub format with a Palm database, Amazon DRM protection, practically copying all the features of the ePub format and providing compatibility with old Kindle readers.
AZW4 is a special format for textbooks (similar to PDF).
AZK is a special iOS version of the MOBI format for the Kindle Reader and other Apple products.
KFX is one of the relatively new formats from Amazon that came along with the Kindle Paperwhite 3. It is the successor to AZK. It added features such as playing sounds and videos, displaying tables on a separate screen, added a new font and JXR image format.
AZW8 is an extension for KFX, which is another special format currently on Kindle paperwhite 3, Kindle Oasis, and Kindle Voyage. It is currently the most advanced format and is used in modern devices from Amazon.

About PDF format

About the DJVU format

DJVU is a Lizardtech format that is increasingly used for scientific publishing. The main purpose of this format is to store scanned images containing text and relatively simple graphics. Its main characteristics are that the compression ratio is about 10 times better than in .pdf format at the same quality. Nothing beats this currently for black and white text and images. Most likely, you will find in it such magazines as Radio or Modelist-Konstruktor, their old versions are practically unavailable in other formats, because most of the old magazines are ordinary scanned images. In order for the search to work in it, a special invisible text layer is added, obtained using text recognition systems (OCR). This format is completely unsuitable for e-books, since it cannot be adapted for devices with a small screen, and many readers do not support it.

About DOC, DOCX format

These are ordinary text documents created in the Word editor from Microsoft Office. You can edit them, change fonts and design. This format is supported by a very narrow list of devices and programs due to the very high complexity and closed nature of the format, plus very often it cannot be displayed correctly. The format is suitable as a draft for a book, but is not acceptable for distribution.

About the EPUB format

The only format of e-books officially recognized by the world community (International Forum for Digital Publishing). Supports almost everything you can dream of: complex formatting, lists, tables, formulas, footnotes, bitmap and vector images, various layout modes and DRM copyright protection.

There are quite a few programs for creating e-books in the above formats, but we have developed a specialized solution specifically for authors.

Rare and outdated formats

We would also like to talk about some rare formats.

ABW is the file format used by AbiWord. If the file is compressed, it will be in the ZABW format.
ACSM is a file format used for DRM protection in Adobe eBooks PDF and ePUB.
AEH is the file format used by eBooksWriter.
BBeB is Sony's proprietary format. Stands for Broadband EBook, also known as LRF due to its file extension.
CBR / CBZ - Compressed container for images. R means that the pictures are compressed by the RAR archiver, and Z means that they are compressed via ZIP. The internal format can be any of several image formats, and CBR / CBZ readers display them as multiple book pages. The title means a comic book reader, but is used for any book where the content contains mostly photographs.
CHM is compressed HTML often used for Windows Help files. It has become very popular for distributing texts and other support materials over the Internet.
DNL is a digital web book format used by the author of Desktop.
DTB - Digital Talking Books - books for the blind, visually impaired, physically disabled people, students with disabilities or other readers with disabled printing. DTBook establishes specifications for digital talking books (DTB) as part of DAISY.
EBA is a proprietary e-book format. Chinese eBook Readers are specially supported.
EBAML same as EBA 2.0 - Used on Dr. Yi Reader and other products in China.
-ER.PDB - Palm database format for eReader. ER is used to distinguish this format.
FUB is Franklin's e-book format.
GPF - Ganaxa Publishing Format allowing hotspots and embedded multimedia content.
GPX is a Ganaxa Protected Document.
IMP is an e-book format used by eBook Technologies ETI-1 (REB 1200 / Softbook Reader) or ETI-2 (EBookwise-1150 / Gemstar 1150). Some programs convert to it. It is considered a terminal format.
-IS.PDB - Palm database format for ISilo reader. IS is used to distinguish this format.
KML is the HieBook e-book format.
LIT is a Microsoft proprietary format for Microsoft Reader.
LRC is a special companion format that should be a companion for audiobooks.
LRF - also: BBeB book. Sony proprietary format. Supported by Sony Librie and Sony Reader.
LRS - also: BBeB Xylog XML. A source code format for BBeB books that is compiled to LRF for reading on a device.
LRX is a BBeB protected document. Sony Librie and Sony Reader use incompatible formats.
MART is a proprietary format used only on the Martview website for distributing books consisting of images.
NP format is the newspaper download format used by NewspaperDirect for their PressDisplay product.
OEB is an open book format. An e-book format used by EBookwise-1150, MobiPocket, and Microsoft Reader. This standard is the old version of ePUB.
ODT is an open standard, a document format used by OpenOffice.org, Star Office, and many other text editors.
OSIS is an XML Schema definition for the Bible and other biblical research texts.
PKG is the format used by Apple Newton.
PNPd - The format used by the eReader. It is a popular format (also known as PML).
PS - Postscript is supported by several reading programs, but is designed to send information to the printer.
RB - e-book format for Rocket eBook and Gemstar RCA REB 1100.
RTF - Rich Text Format is a document interchange format supported by some e-book readers as well as many Word processing applications including MS Word and OpenOffice. It is the preferred format for many users who create their own content for Sony Reader.
SGF is a native format for Sigil, a direct editor for ePUB. (Not used anymore)
STK is STAReBOOK's own format.
TCR is an e-book for EPOC.
TeBR is a special format for the tiny e-book from Fictionwise.
TR - Tome Raider format. Their latest format is called TR3. Tome Raider is an e-book format that supports very large books such as reference books, encyclopedias, and dictionaries.
VBK is an e-book format from VitalSource with graphical support. This format is commonly used in textbooks.
XEB is the format used by Apbi e-books mainly in Chinese.
XDXF is an XML-based dictionary exchange format.
WOLF - Proprietary format used by HanLin eBook in their V2B, V3 and V8 e-books. The .wol extension is commonly used. Also used by JCNIP on their Dr. Yi reader.
ZTXT is the format used by WeaselReader on Palm devices. It has the extension .pdb.
ZNO is Zinio's proprietary subscription ezine format. These magazines include multimedia materials such as photos and videos. Rumor has it that the format is based on DJVU.

Perhaps we will end the exotic here. Thank you for the attention!

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MP4 is by far the most popular format played on mobile devices. MP4 came to mobile phones to replace 3GP and gained its popularity thanks to the improved video compression ratio, the MP3 track used, the ability to store various metadata. If you're going to upload videos to the Internet, MP4 can be most easily streamed over an Internet connection and is supported by most video storage services. The format is also supported by most popular players, and codecs for playback are included in the base package of any operating system and firmware.

The MP4 video file can be played on the computer immediately after reinstalling the operating system. The format can be played on portable players, car video recorders, televisions and any other electronics designed to reproduce images. However, it is worth noting that the video saved in the MP4 format may be of slightly poorer quality than some other formats, but for mobile devices this fact is an advantage, since, due to their small size, the files can fit even on small removable media. ...

AVI is one of the most popular video compression formats. It is supported by any operating system and has gained its popularity due to the high quality of the resulting image. Despite the fact that the average AVI file is quite large, the format is still supported by most players on mobile devices and platforms. The disadvantage of the format is the impossibility of launching it in the absence of codecs preinstalled in the system. However, this problem can be easily solved both on computers and on phones, tablets, players and other portable electronics.

MKV differs from other compression methods in its structure. The format is structurally a container that can store almost any information, various tracks with subtitles, audio tracks, chapters, interactive menus, bookmarks, etc. At the same time, the MKV video file is open source and, if desired, can be easily opened and converted in various editors. MKV is a good choice for professionals who often work with video files on both computers and modern mobile devices. The format is capable of storing video and audio with virtually no loss in quality. However, due to the low compression ratio of the video track, the size of the final MKV file is on average higher than that of other formats, and additional codecs must be installed to play this type of video. Nevertheless, there are a number of mobile and computer players that allow you to play video recordings.